Introduction: Innovations in modern medicine have led to the development of many effective laboratory tests for diagnosis and monitoring of disease. However, research suggests that 20-50% of tests may be inappropriately ordered. Test-ordering intervention development experts i.e. those staff at individual institutions who are tasked with designing different approaches to improving test-ordering practice, often have large datasets on the test-ordering practices within their jurisdiction as part of clinical care, but often have no clear guidance on how to choose which tests are worthy of intervention. These staff can include both clinicians and knowledge translation experts working in separately or in tandem to improve test-ordering behaviours at their institutions. The overall aim of this research is to build a prioritization framework to assist healthcare organizations in deciding which tests are worth targeting for intervention. Methods: The first stage of this project was a scoping review of the literature, the purpose of which was to determine the factors and processes used by intervention developers to choose which tests to target for intervention. Identification of these articles allowed for the descriptive analysis of the factors and processes reported in making the test-ordering decisions. The second stage involved semi-structured interviews with intervention development experts and contains information on their experiences with measuring and prioritizing among factors, as well as which processes they found to be most effective in making the decision on which tests to target for intervention. Results: By exploring all relevant guideline statements and related empirical studies, we gathered a wide range of factors to consider when deciding which test(s) to target for intervention. Overall, we identified 18 factors in our review and 30 in our interviews, highlighting the potential complexity of these decisions. While our studies were not the first to demonstrate that targeting tests is complex and that many factors must go into the decision of deciding which tests to target, our work has identified the most comprehensive range of factors available. We also explored processes reported by the studies that led to these decisions. Of the nine processes identified in our review, some were identified in a majority of cases (literature review, followed by clinical standard-implicit and consensus process), and other processes far more infrequently. Our interviews with relevant stakeholders demonstrated that the interviewees used 18 unique processes to decide which tests to target for intervention and helped to prioritize among the processes that are most effective in making these decisions. Conclusion: The current work prepares the way to develop a framework designed to help intervention developers choose which tests can most efficiently result in improved test-ordering processes. After additional interviews to ensure saturation of themes, we will be able to proceed with framework development, perhaps involving a consensus process of all relevant stakeholders. We hope to widely distribute our framework to assist intervention development experts working in a wide variety of milieus to help them decide which tests are worth targeting for intervention such that their respective institutions can provide the highest quality of care to patients.

Interview mit Kerstin Grosch und Holger A. Rau über Gender Differences in Leader's compliant Behaviour. / Interview with Kerstin Grosch and Holger A. Rau concerning Gender Differences in Leader's compliant Behaviour.

This master thesis is about human capital resourcing. The goal of this thesis is to make process of resourcing human capital in the company Red Hat Czech more effective. In the analysis part of the work the current status of the company process is evaluated from three perspectives: strategic aspects, recruitment and adaptation. New solutions based on investigated information and theoretical knowledge are designed. These solutions should help the company to hire desired number of employees with expected qualities in qualified time.

This diploma thesis evaluates those methods of hiring an employee and those forms of the discrimination on the job market. This diploma thesis formulates measures for improvement. The theoretical part of the thesis outlines individual methods and forms of job interviewing process, their impacts, and possible solutions. The practical part of the thesis characterizes a company, its job interviewing process methods and other discrimination problems.

This study explored the perspectives of the representatives of teacher unions and school principals in the process of promotion of educators. The study aimed at highlighting how the representatives of teacher unions and principals understand their role in the promotion interview process, the challenges experienced and the factors they considered when recommending educators for promotion. This qualitative case study focused on one district in Mpumalanga Province. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews with two representatives of a teacher union and three school principals. The representatives of the teacher union comprised a branch secretary and a site steward. This study found that the principals performed their role in promotion interviews as stipulated in the Employment of Educators’ Act of 1998; however, they were skeptical about the activities of the union representatives who are tasked with the prescribed role of observer. Representatives of the teacher union felt that their role extended beyond that of passive observer during the promotion interview. There was evidence of lack of trust and a power struggle between the principals and the representatives of the teacher union which affected their relationship during and after the interview process. While the principals appeared capable of managing the interviews, the activities of the union representatives shaped the process and the outcome of the selection process. This study also found that although all participants mentioned academic qualifications, subject specialization, good communication skills, sound human relations and managerial skills as factors to consider when recommending teachers for promotion, possible nepotism threatened fair procedures during the promotion interview process. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

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We live in a digitalized world and almost every child in Sweden between the ages of ten to sixteen has access to or owns a mobile phone. As children spend more time online, research shows that parents are getting more worried about their children's digital lives. The parents worry about many different aspects, like that their children are being bullied online or getting contacted by adults with ill intent. Algorithms and data collection has not been perceived as a risk in children's usage of digital platforms. The public debate regarding data collection has been more focused on the issues and downsides of data collection such as how it can be used to influence politics. The purpose of this thesis is to research what kind of risk parents experience in their children’s use of digital platforms and to what extent data collection can be understood as one of them. The method used for the thesis is semi-structured interviews and six interviews were conductedwith parents who have children within the age span 9-17 years old. The theoretical framework is primarily based on Helen Nissenbaum’s theory regarding contextual integrity. The research examines the dichotomy between people's intention to share information and their actual behaviour also known as the privacy paradox. Christian Fuchs and Shoshana Zubhoffs theories are used to define and examine data collection as unpaid work and its place in the era of surveillance capitalism. The result shows that most of the parents have limited knowledge about data collection, which may lead to the result that they tend to worry about other risks in their children's use in digital platforms rather than the data being collected. Our conclusion is that a discussion regarding the knowledge on how data is collected and used is much needed both for parents and children going forward.

The purpose of this study is to make a description of various conditions associated with the fulfilment of the values education in Swedish preschools. I want to illustrate stories from different levels of the school system. The questions that are answered are: What discoursesappear in the different group’s descriptions of the preschool’s values education? And: What different challenges and opportunities are they describing? Qualitative interviews were used as the method to answer the questions and were analysed in relation to the study’s theoretical framework, constituted by discourse analytical theory and selected notions from a model of values that constitutes the values education, also used were the concept of peer culture. The results show that a total of five different discourses emerged, each describing different perspectives of the preschool’s values education. However, there is a common distinctive forthese discourses – in all respondents no systematic distinction was made between the varioust eaching objects by which the basic values assignment is determined. A discourse that standsout in particular, namely the discourse which in the study is refers to as Not to step on eachother’s toes. The result show that a significant obstacle to the values education is one’s owncooperation in the work team. Additional themes in the discourses concerns issues of lack of competence and various aspects of competence development. The main opportunities that emerge in the result can be summarized as competence development and a good collaborativeclimate.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med ny kunskap om medarbetarsamtal och hur det kan påverka medarbetarens motivation. Anledningen till att studera detta område är för att hjälpa en given organisation i dess utveckling av medarbetarsamtal. Det som studeras är nuvarande arbetssätt för medarbetarsamtal, hur de nuvarande arbetssätten påverkar medarbetarens motivation samt hur arbetssätt för medarbetarsamtal kan utvecklas för att i större utsträckning påverka medarbetarens motivation. För möjlighet att uppnå studiens syfte har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts kombinerat med en litteraturundersökning inom det studerade området. Resultatet visar på en variation av arbetssätt för medarbetarsamtal som praktiseras. Ett årligt medarbetarsamtal tillsammans med kontinuerliga uppföljningar och daglig feedback är arbetssätt som förespråkas och anses påverka medarbetarens motivation. Studien visar på vikten av att förmedla syftet med medarbetarsamtalet till samtliga medarbetare inom en organisation samt att organisationens och chefernas prioriteringar för medarbetarsamtal har stor inverkan på hur medarbetarsamtal praktiseras inom organisationen.

VPN is primarily used to encrypt your network traffic and identity online securely from a private location. This can be used as a safety measure to prevent theft of personal data. It also allows its user to change the geolocation to wherever they want which unlocks the possibility to use another country's services. Related work has shown that there are also downsides to using VPN services. Some VPN solutions do have security problems that its user could be unaware of. This study explored the experience and beliefs surrounding the usage of VPN while browsing the internet from people with software expertise. Interviews were conducted with people in different areas surrounding usage of VPN services to get a deeper understanding of why VPN is used and to what extent they believe VPN is providing anonymity and security of their data. The findings from this study is that the main reason to use a VPN is to access unavailable services. These services can vary from content online that is not available in the region from where you access the internet to services that are work related and locked to specific networks. Another finding was also that among these people the belief that the use of a VPN was enough to make a user anonymous by itself is controversial.