Práce shrnuje moderní přístupy v řízení výroby a jejich nároky na využití informačních systémů a technologií. Zejména se pak zaměřuje na téma elektronické výměny dat jako mimořádně významného prostředku pro vytvoření spolehlivé integrované infrastruktury komunikace s obchodními partnery. Cílem praktické části je navrhnout proces implementace EDI v řízení výroby daného podniku včetně ekonomického zhodnocení investice a doporučení pro management.

Problem solving methodologies in IS are numerous, varied in objectives and scope, and commonly suffer consequences of deviation and rejection. This research investigates the essence of methodologies in order to understand and to address these consequences. In this thesis, methodologies are treated in a broad sense in order to arrive at a generalisable solution. An integrated research framework was constructed to pursue the solution. The framework is based on my adopted ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. The research is considered as an interpretivist single case study using qualitative research methods. A holistic Information Security Methodology was selected for in-depth study. Data were collected from various sources, but primarily from focus groups using 18 participants representing 11 organisations. Data were also collected from the developer of the methodology and two other organisations who were implementing it. Data analysis was based on a grounded approach to arrive at a substantive theory representing a conception of an ideal methodology as perceived by these practitioners. The use of the Hermeneutic circle and the purposely constructed Interrogative Framework were the essential tools for analysis. This conception is believed to hold some of the key factors for reducing the common problems of deviation and rejection of methodologies. The proposed theory is the main contribution of this research, which can be used as a foundation theory to construct and evaluate methodologies. The theory also has been used to propose extensions to existing theories. The core theory consists of basic elements and attributes. Other constructs were also developed to be used as contexts to the theory. In totality these findings provide a rich sphere to examine and understand methodologies.

The dominant view in the information systems (IS) and software engineering literature is that the application of a rigorous pre-investment evaluation methodology is the key to ensuring the selection of the best IS projects ?? that is those with the highest expected value for the organisation and with the highest probability of success. While the literature is replete with methodologies that take a narrow view of IS evaluation, there is insufficient attention given to the evaluation process itself and to what constitutes successful IS evaluation. Whilst some within IS argue that the development of more elaborate evaluation methodologies, especially calculations of costs and benefits, is necessary for the advancement of the field, many report that it is not methodologies as such that need improvement. What is missing is an understanding of IS evaluation processes in practice and how organisations can adopt and apply evaluation methodologies so as to improve these processes. This thesis aims to provide in-depth knowledge of IS evaluation processes in practice and re-conceptualise the notion of the IS project proposal, the evaluation process and evaluation methodology that reflect the needs and critical issues in practice. These aims are achieved by conducting an in-depth case study of IS project evaluation processes in a company with a history of high success rates of its IS projects ($3 billion worth of successfully delivered IS projects in the past few years). By adopting Actor-Network Theory as a philosophy, approach and theoretical lens to the investigation of IS project evaluation processes in the case company the thesis demonstrates that: a) IS project proposals are dynamic, evolving and relational entities that become ??focal?? objects around which the actor-networks of aligned interest tend to emerge; b) that the evaluation process both creates an IS project proposal and its assessment within a core actor-network within which multiple business realities are enacted and continually negotiated; c) the evaluation methodology plays an important role of an actant (a non-human actor) by acting from a periphery of the core actor-network of an IS project proposal evaluation d) the evaluation methodology acts on behalf of management to regulate communication within actor-networks, ensure that company strategy is effectively implemented and that different IS Project Proposals are consistently presented in a mutually comparable manner; e) by defining a series of processes (steps), inscription aids (inscription forms, norms and rules) and mandated checkpoints the evaluation methodology engenders the evaluation process as ??science??; f) by allowing a degree of freedom in conducting the evaluation processes the methodology is also enabling the evaluation processes to emerge as ??art?? thus stimulating creativity and innovation, and finally, g) by balancing the science and the art of IS project proposal evaluation, the methodology is enabling, assisting and inspiring numerous actors in taking on ??journeys?? of IS project proposals and evaluation and thereby making a difference in their business environments. The thesis makes important contributions to knowledge in the IS discipline. Theoretically, the adoption and use of ANT revealed that the IS Project Proposal is not dormant but rather active, and key to the IS evaluation effort. The IS Project Proposal has thus been re-conceptualised as emerging, relational and dynamic. This thesis also makes a contribution to the re-conceptualisation of the evaluation methodology as being multi-purpose and active as it defines the ??science?? and enables the ??art?? in IS evaluation. The thesis also makes a number of contributions to practice, firstly by showing that documents in IS evaluation are not simply ??outputs?? that are archived away, but are active and are used to attract the right stakeholders. Secondly, it reveals that the ultimate success of the IS Proposal relies on finding a balance between the science and the art in IS evaluation and that the evaluation methodology can play a key role in promoting this balance.

This dissertation is an attempt to define the constellation of circumstances and ideas, which has determined my strategy in the paintings and performances submitted for examination. Unlike many artists I do not accept the fact of postmodernity. On the contrary, art and life remain suspended between the future and the past, the essential modernist condition. I argue for this in the introduction and the first two chapters, through a description of the performance work of Joseph Beuys and on my reaction to it in a performance in which I attempted to examine the practical paradoxes of art making in late modernity. I take my position largely from the Frankfurt school and succeeding debates about their work up to Zizek. For, while we remain in modernity we cannot regard it simply as an unfinished project. It is no longer possible to adopt an avant-garde position in one�s practice. The central section of the thesis contains a series of studies of the careers of major artists who have faced up to the paradoxes of modernity from Picasso to Richter and Parr. Through their successes, failures and sometimes duplicity, a practical profile emerges � a guide to the limits of contemporary practice. The last chapter concerns my paintings as a response to this profile.

<p>This paper addresses the question of how to make use of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in companies in the process industry were there is a pervasive need of process standardization. ERP systems have the potential to contribute with standardization and integration of organizational data through an of-the-shelf solution. In practice results of ERP systems implementation has varied greatly. Considering their implications on business processes and the complexity of the systems this should not come as a surprise. ERP systems do not only imply standardization of data but also standardization of key processes in the company. The consequences on the individual organization are therefore hard to predict. Making strategic choices between different degrees of in-house developed systems, integration of solutions from many different suppliers or to only rely on the ERP systems consultants and their proposed implementation of solutions, can be a troublesome balance act. This paper describes a case study of the Swedish diary company Norrmejerier and the implementation of the ERP system IFS analyzed from a perspective of complex system and standardization. The use of IFS at Norrmejerier can be characterized as a loosely coupled integration with the ERP system as a central integration facilitator. This solution allowed the company to make use of standardization benefits, filling the need of special functionality and at the same time limiting the negative unexpected consequences such as decreased activity support and increased complexity. The key contributions of this paper are that it shows how ERP´s can contribute to standardization and integration efforts in IT environments with peculiar demands on functionality. Secondly it demonstrates how negative side effects related to implementation of ERP systems can be managed and limited.</p>

<p>I denna undersökning har vi tittat på aktiva svenska nautiska befäls erfarenheter och åsikter om isnavigering i Östersjön. Vi har genom en kvantitativ undersökning försökt bilda oss en uppfattning om hur deras kompetensnivå är i denna speciella miljö, hur de anser attisvintrarna i Östersjön har påverkat deras arbete och om det finns ett behov av en vidareutbildning i isnavigering, samt i så fall vilka moment en sådan kurs skulle behövainnefatta. Vi har även undersökt om de anser att en renodlad isnavigeringskurs borde ingå idagens sjökaptensutbildning i Sverige.</p><p>Undersökningen visar en varierande egenupplevd kompetens utifrån respondenternas erfarenhet av isvintrar. Undersökningen visar även att de som genomgått en kurs i isnavigering, oberoende av befattning och tidigare erfarenhet, anser sin kompetens vara tillräcklig. Behovet och viljan att genomgå en isnavigeringskurs är högt enligt respondenterna. Mer än hälften av de tillfrågade ville se en renodlad isnavigeringskurs redan under sjökaptensutbildningen.</p> / <p>The aim for this research has been to find out Swedish nautical officers’ thoughts of and their personal opinions on their competence when navigating in ice infested waters in the Baltic Sea. Through a quantitative research method we have tried to build us an understanding on how the nautical officer appreciates his or her competence in this very special environment, how they think that earlier ice winters have effected their duties at work as well as if there is a need for further training in ice navigation and which elements should be included in such training. We have also wanted to investigate active nautical officers’ opinion on including an ice navigation course, in full scale, at the Master Mariner Program in Sweden.</p><p>The results show that nautical officers’ appreciation of their competence varies on the basis of their experience in years but also that attending a course in ice navigation gives officers, with little experience the appreciation of high competence in navigating ice infested waters.</p><p>The will and need for a course in ice navigation, according to the results, is relatively high as well as the officers’ opinion on adding a ice navigation course to the curriculum at the Master Mariner Program in Sweden.</p>

<p>Uppsatsen handlar om varför Halmstad Bollklubb blev den ledande fotbollsföreningen i Halmstad. Perioden i fokus är mellan 1960-1980. Frågorna som besvaras är varför den ekonomiska skillnaden mellan Halmstad Bollklubb och IS Halmia blev så påtaglig? Hur föreningarna hanterade avskaffandet av amatörreglerna, 1967? Samt vilka orsaker låg bakom föreningarnas olika utveckling? Det material som använts är framförallt arkivmaterial från folkrörelsearkivet i Halmstad. Vidare används böckerna Leken som blev allvar och Vem vinner i längden som teoretiska utgångspunkter. I uppsatsen används en hermeneutisk metod för att tolka arkivmaterialet. De slutsatser som framkommer är att skillnaderna mellan Halmstad Bollklubb och IS Halmia är väldigt små och föreningarna följer varandra under hela perioden. Halmstad Bollklubb lyckas dock bättre sportligt, medan IS Halmia genom en rad olyckliga omständigheter inte lyckas bibehålla sin positiva ekonomisk utveckling under slutet av 1970-talet. Detta ledde till att Halmstad Bollklubb i slutet av perioden hade etablerat sig som den ledande i Halmstad.</p>

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Uppsatsen handlar om varför Halmstad Bollklubb blev den ledande fotbollsföreningen i Halmstad. Perioden i fokus är mellan 1960-1980. Frågorna som besvaras är varför den ekonomiska skillnaden mellan Halmstad Bollklubb och IS Halmia blev så påtaglig? Hur föreningarna hanterade avskaffandet av amatörreglerna, 1967? Samt vilka orsaker låg bakom föreningarnas olika utveckling? Det material som använts är framförallt arkivmaterial från folkrörelsearkivet i Halmstad. Vidare används böckerna Leken som blev allvar och Vem vinner i längden som teoretiska utgångspunkter. I uppsatsen används en hermeneutisk metod för att tolka arkivmaterialet. De slutsatser som framkommer är att skillnaderna mellan Halmstad Bollklubb och IS Halmia är väldigt små och föreningarna följer varandra under hela perioden. Halmstad Bollklubb lyckas dock bättre sportligt, medan IS Halmia genom en rad olyckliga omständigheter inte lyckas bibehålla sin positiva ekonomisk utveckling under slutet av 1970-talet. Detta ledde till att Halmstad Bollklubb i slutet av perioden hade etablerat sig som den ledande i Halmstad.

Abstract This research is selects the questionnaire survey method to carry on the Taiwan area Benz automobile customer to service the quality and the degree of satisfaction research, take purchases consumer of the Benz automobile as the object of study, and Chinese edition carries on analysis the material by SPSS the Windows12.0.This research questionnaire altogether sends out 250, deducts invalid questionnaire 9, the effective questionnaire is 241, the returns-ratio is 96.4%, the analysis content statement is as follows. ¤@¡Bservice quality and degree of satisfaction independent sample examination ¡]¤@¡^In the service quality degree of satisfaction, in the sex distribution, the male and the female to the service quality and the degree of satisfaction asked on the item, i.e. the sex is different, in service quality and degree of satisfaction not remarkable difference ¡]¤G¡^In the service quality and the degree of satisfaction, in the age distribution, 45-55 year old of age level to the service quality and the degree of satisfaction compared to other age building store height, has the remarkable difference in the service quality and the degree of satisfaction ¡]¤T¡^The different housing area customer to in the service quality and the degree of satisfaction, in the different housing area distribution, ¡§north the area¡¨ the customer to the service quality and the degree of satisfaction compared to other region building store height, has the remarkable difference in the service quality and the degree of satisfaction ¡]¥|¡^In the service quality degree of satisfaction, in the education level year distribution, the university degree is higher than to the service quality and the degree of satisfaction other education level, has the remarkable difference in the service quality and the degree of satisfaction ¡]¤­¡^The family each month of income customer to in the service quality and the degree of satisfaction, above the family each month of income distribution 60000 Yuan, the customer to the service quality and the degree of satisfaction compared to other each month of income building store height, has the remarkable difference in the service quality and the degree of satisfaction ¤G¡BService quality and degree of satisfaction analysis result ¡]¤@¡^Before the service quality degree aspect, the customer sorts three topics in the whole service quality is ¡§the Benz car company's service personals is putting on the neat graceful clothing¡¨ M=4.817 is highest, next for ¡§the Benz car company service personnel could the fast processing customer's complaint behavior¡¨ M=4.805, ¡§the Benz car company service personnel not be able in order because of too busy to neglect customer's demand¡¨ M=4.775 and so on. ¡]¤G¡^Before satisfaction aspect, the customer sorts three topics in the overall degree of satisfaction is ¡§the Benz car company has the sophisticated equipment (to include: The instrumentation equipment and so on)¡¨ M=4.508 is highest, next is in order ¡§the Benz car company can provide the customer the best post-sale service.¡¨ M=4.475, ¡§the Benz car company's service personals maintain kindly, the zealous service attitude¡¨ M=4.468 and so on. This findings result; The customer regarding in the Benz servicing of car personnel's specialized knowledge degree of satisfaction unsatisfied, next Benz car company service personnel cannot assist the customer to solve the problem on own initiative, demonstrated the Benz car company still had the improvement space in these aspects. Key word: Specialized, Continues forever to manage, The Manner is zealous