The rapid development of information technology (IT) has impacted the competitive environment between properties. Today, more and more companies introduce information system to flow internal messages freely, reduce the communication cost and provide support the important messages to managers for fast decision. By this way, the enterprise could maintain its competitive advantage. To introduce the information system¡]IS¡^ is really costly, companies should probe the effects before and after the investment of IS . We have learned from literatures that measurement of service quality is the proper means to gauge the information system. This study is to assess information system at the base of ¡uIS-adapted SERVQUAL instrument¡v and ¡uThree-column format¡v. A survey, which adapted to individual company, was conducted with some measures modified from the viewpoint of captioned company. 436 valid samples were taken from more than 8600 employees by stratified random sampling. The major findings are (1) instead of four dimensions expected from the original model, only two service components, attitude perspective and skill perspective, are identified in the service quality of information system for manufacturing industry,¡]2¡^the difference between ¡¥perceive quality¡¦ and ¡¥self-confident quality¡¦ is significant, ¡]3¡^Following the demographic variables among ages, positions, working departments and academic degrees, it appears no significant difference in the attitude perspective and skill perspective of service quality concerning information system.

Competing in the age of knowledge economics, we have faced a whole new regimentation since the traditional production elements become the secondary resources, the knowledge is exactly the primary resources to business. To multiply the knowledge value, business have to advocacy the concept of knowledge sharing as the more knowledge the employees share, the more worth the business have. In this study, we propose a knowledge sharing model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior to study how the IS personnel behave in their respective practices concerning knowledge sharing. Also, through reviewing of knowledge management and knowledge sharing literature, we have identified several antecedents contributing to knowledge sharing behavior and those affecting attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. In validating our research model with SEM, our data supported all the individual causal paths postulated by TPB except the relationship from subjective norm to knowledge sharing intention. The importance of significant antecedents such as expected associations, expected loss, altruism, and task interdependence have impacted on the attitude toward knowledge sharing; the affect-based trust and task interdependence have impacted on the subjective norm, also, the resources fit has impacted on the perceived behavioral control. The result will be useful to both the academic and business in their advocacy of the conduct of knowledge sharing.

Despite the widely recognised importance of knowledge as a vital source of¡@competitive advantage, there is little understanding of how groups actually create and manage knowledge dynamically. Knowledge conversion is a continuous, self-transcending process through which one transcends the boundary of the old self into a new self by acquiring a new context, a new view of the world, and new knowledge. An organisation creates knowledge through the interactions between explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Through the conversion process, tacit and explicit knowledge expands in both quality and quantity. There are four modes of knowledge conversion. They are: (1) socialisation; (2) externalisation; (3) combination; and (4) internalisation. We try to use the conversion model to be our theorical base. And use grounded theory to be out research mehod. Through the real data, we come out some factors impacting the Information System Develop Team¡¦s knowledge conversion.

No description available.

<p>Med de traditionella metoderna har företagen haft problem med att värdera, bedöma och uppfölja sina IT-investeringar. I första hand på grund av att det har varit svårt att beräkna investeringars lönsamhet och produktivitet. Under de senaste åren har nya metoder utvecklats. De skall hjälpa företagen att lösa sina IT-investeringsproblem. I litteraturen står att offentliga sektorn har samma problem som företagen när det gäller värdering av IT-investeringar. Trots att offentliga sektorn har stora IT-investeringar har problemet betraktats från företags synpunkt och intresse. De nya metoderna är starkt kopplade till en företagsmiljö och har även prövats hos företagen. I litteraturen finns inget som tyder på att metoderna passar offentliga sektorn eller om de har prövats hos dem. Projektet har undersökt problemet hos offentliga sektorn och identifierat ett flertal möjliga hinder samt tagit fram en möjlig enkel metod som tål att diskuteras</p>

<p>Denna studie avser att ge information och vägledning vid val av angreppssätt vid ett integrationsprojekt. Med angreppssätt avses facelift och convert som kan jämföras med Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) och Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Det är idag en avsaknad på material angående val av angreppssätt vilket kan försvåra för en organisation att veta hur de skall angripa ett integrationsprojekt. Att genomföra denna undersökning är steg mot att ge organisationer vägledning om hur de skall angripa ett integrationsprojekt och vad som är viktigt att tänka på. Denna studie tar hänsyn till att integrera antingen genom att integrera existerande system med hjälp av middleware (facelift) eller att byta ut de existerande systemen mot ett ERP-system (Convert). Studien tar även stor hänsyn till stovepipes, vilket har visat sig ha stor betydelse för organisationer. Resultatet av denna studie presenteras i form av en lathund för att ge vägledning och information till respektive angreppssätt.</p>

<p>Information system (IS), in other words computerised programs and application that a company uses is a central part in its organisation. Information technology (IT) is the hardware and infrastructure that an IS uses. IS and IT is then related to each other and several use the term IS/IT to describe the two words. Several small enterprises (10-49 employees) use IS/IT to a higher extent in order to work efficiently and many firms should not work without IS/IT. Because small enterprises are a major part in the economy for western world countries’ they find it important that these enterprises are efficient. A business plan is essential in order to make an enterprise work efficient. A business plan is important if the company should borrow money from bank or administer money from financiers. A business plan normally contains the company’s vision statement, mission statement, goals, business strategy and action items. In this thesis we only focus on strategies because we want to limit our research and because we have an interest of strategies in general. The business strategy is a roadmap which includes information about how the enterprise could fulfil its business plan’s goals. It is therefore impor-tant that the business plan and the business strategy are linked to each other, for example will the strategy suffer if the goals are poorly stated. To have this relation it is impor-tant to have a strategy that is explicit, this type of strategy is made through a planning process which is documented. The other type is called implicit and is made through activities for the different divisions of the enterprise, which is not documented.</p><p>To make the right decisions and investments for IS/IT it is essential to have an IS/IT strategy, which could be used for the company to reach IS/IT-goals and objectives.</p><p>The main question for this thesis is: How does IS/IT strategy influence business strategy within small service enterprises in Sweden and what factors can improve IT strategy’s impact on business strategy in small Swedish service enterprises? The purpose is to investigate how IS/IT strategy influences and improves business strategy in small Swed-ish service enterprises. We also aim to study how IS/IT strategy is applied in small Swedish service enterprises.</p><p>We did our empirical research on six small service enterprises in Jönköping. Three of the respondents had a documented explicit business strategy and none of them had an explicit IS/IT strategy. All the respondents said that they did not prioritise to keep the strategy updated and that the day-to-day issues were more important. The result is that we did not find any factors in IS/IT strategy that improved the business strategy in small Swedish service enterprises. The characteristics that the enterprises do not work with these issues and is seldom applied. The enterprises are more interested in day-today issues, our result differs therefore from the literature in this subject.</p> / <p>Informationssystemet (IS) det vill säga datoriserade program och applikationer som ett företag använder sig av är en central del i verksamheten. Informationsteknologi (IT) är hårdvaran och infrastrukturen som IS använder sig av. I och med detta är IS och IT starkt relaterade till varandra och flera brukar benämna detta med IS/IT. Flera småföre-tag (10-49 anställda) använder sig i allt större utsträckning av IS/IT i deras verksamheter och många skulle inte kunna fungera utan IS/IT. Hit hör även att småföretag är en be-tydande del flera länders ekonomi. För att ett företag ska kunna fungera effektivt bör det finnas en affärsplan som är elementär då företaget ska ta lån av bank eller förvalta pengar från finansiärer. I en affärsplan finns vanligen en vision, affärsidé, mål, strategi, nätverk, Produkt/tjänst inklusive prissättning, marknadsplan (kunder, marknad, konkur-renter, marknadsundersökning), budgetar och tid- och aktivitetsplan. I denna uppsats inriktar vi oss endast på strategier eftersom vi vill begränsa uppsatsen och vi har ett stort intresse för strategier. En strategi är ett tillvägagångssätt för att uppfylla företagens uppsätta mål. Det finns dock en relation mellan de olika delarna i affärsplanen och de är inte helt skilda från varandra, exempelvis så blir strategin med största sannolikhet bristande om målen är dåligt utformade. För att ha denna relation är det vikigt att ha en explicit strategi. Denna typ av strategi är framtagen genom en planeringsprocess som är dokumenterad medan en implicit är utvecklad genom händelser inom företaget som inte är dokumenterade.</p><p>För att fatta de rätta besluten och planera investeringar för IS/IT korrekt är det grund-läggande med en IS/IT-strategi, som kan användas för att nå målen för IS/IT.</p><p>Vår huvudfråga är: Hur kan IS/IT-strategi påverka affärsstrategi hos svenska små tjänsteföretag och hur kan denna relation förbättras? Syftet är att undersöka hur IS/IT-strategi kan påverka och förbättra affärsstrategi i små svenska tjänsteföretag. Vi ämnar också studera hur IS/IT-strategi används i små svenska tjänsteföretag.</p><p>Vi gjorde vår empiriska undersökning på sex små tjänsteföretag i Jönköping. Tre av fö-retagen hade en explicit affärsstrategi och ingen hade en explicit IS/IT strategi. Resultat är att små tjänsteföretag till största delen använder sig av implicita affärs- och IS/IT-strategier. Vi hittade ingenting som tyder på att IS/IT-strategi påverkar affärsstrategi i små svenska tjänsteföretag. Företagen är istället mer intresserade av händelser som är mer dagsaktuella, vilket skiljer sig från litteraturen inom detta område.</p>

The debate on how to measure the value of IT is an ongoing debate within the IT evaluation research. Research about the value of IT tends to focus on formal aspects and ignore informal aspects such as the subjective perceptions of individuals and researchers acknowledge a lack of informal evaluation methods used in practice. This study aims to answer two research questions: How can informal value of IS be evaluated? and What are the benefits and drawbacks of relying on informal value when assessing IS? To answer these questions a qualitative case study have been conducted using the DeLone &amp; McLean IS Success Model as a theoretical framework. The results show that using the model was successful however we argue that important aspects were missing in the model. The benefits of relying on informal value showed to be the possibilities of discovering aspects of value that are not visible in formal evaluation. The drawbacks of performing an informal evaluation are that they are complicated and time-consuming and do not promise useful results.

Denna uppsats undersöker sambandet mellan några makroekonomiska faktorer och de svenska storbankernas kreditförluster.  Att hitta indikatorer som kan ge tidiga signaler om kommande bankproblem är av stor vikt inte bara för banker utan för hela samhället. Anledningen är att till skillnad från de flesta andra branscher kan problem i banker störa samhällsviktiga funktioner. De kan få globala spridningseffekter och miljoner arbetstillfällen kan snabbt vara i fara när exempelvis betalningsfunktioner slutar fungera. Uppsatsen fokuserar på den verksamhet som bankerna har i Sverige. Bankernas kvartalsrapporter används som underlag och tidsperioden som ingår i uppsatsen är 2004 till 2014. Det betyder att konsekvenserna av den bankkris som startade i USA 2008 och som fick globala följdeffekter syns i underlagen för uppsatsen. Arbetslöshet, BNP, hushållens förtroende indikator, konsumentpris index och reporäntan är de makroekonomiska faktorer som används i uppsatsen. Underlagen för faktorerna är hämtade från SCB och Riksbanken. Den empiriska analys som används för att statistiskt bearbeta underlagen är regressionsmodellen OLS, minsta kvadrat metod.  Med hjälp av denna metod kan man fastlägga att det finns ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan makroekonomiska faktorer och kreditförluster hos de svenska storbankerna.  I synnerhet kan man peka på ett negativt samband mellan BNP och kreditförluster. Dessutom kan man peka på positivt samband mellan arbetslöshet och kreditförluster.

Electronic government (e-Government) projects create numerous benefits and opportunities for both governments and citizens worldwide. Accordingly, the increasing interest in e-Government raises the issue of how governments can increase citizen adoption and usage of their on-line services. The successful adoption of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), the explosive increase in Internet usage and the rapid development of e-commerce in private sectors have placed pressure on public organisations to interact electronically with citizens. Conversely, the success of e-Government does not depend only on the supplier side, but also on the demand side and the willingness to adopt the on-line service. The concept of e-Government was developed and implemented initially in industrialised countries. Consequently, it should not be assumed that this concept is automatically appropriate for developing countries. Thus far, e-Government still faces major challenges as it continues to expand in developing countries. Moreover, when introducing e-Government to developing nations, it is anticipated that more effort will be necessary than in developed countries. The objective of various e-Government initiatives has moved in the past decade towards establishing services offering greater accessibility for citizens. As a result, it is necessary to examine all possible factors to explain citizens' adoption and usage of such systems. Hence, numerous models of e-Government adoption and intention to use and their extensions have been proposed and applied to empirical studies. Obviously, e-Government has occurred due to the technological revolution following the diffusion of the Internet and the success of information systems (IS) in organisations and e-Commerce. However, regardless of their success within the general IS context, the models are limited in terms of considering the diversity of users; they tend to assume that all end-users are homogeneous. The end-users of e-Government systems are more diverse than e-Commerce, with comparisons of wider layers of user groups (for example, elderly and less well-educated people) who are more likely to encounter problems while interacting with e-Government systems. IS literature confirmed that users’ technical capabilities and management support are influenced by their technical knowledge and expertise. Therefore, this research argues that perceived support quality is a new way of looking at citizens’ adoption and usage in the e-Government system’s field and a major factor of e-Government system’s acceptance, particularly in developing countries. This study is the first to examine the roles of perceived support quality and support satisfaction in the context of government-to-citizen (G2C), and it aims to advance knowledge within the field of e-Government by revealing the roles of perceived support quality and satisfaction towards behaviour intention and usage in developing countries. The proposed model builds upon Wixom and Todd’s (2005) theoretical model, which, in turn, was based on the integration of DeLone and McLean model (1992) into the technology acceptance model (TAM). The strength of the integrated model lies in its ability to guide both IT design and predict usage behaviours towards the system under investigation, and assume the overall theoretical model to maintain validity in G2C settings. Thirteen hypotheses were formulated to test the proposed research model. Behaviour intention to use e-Government services was proposed as the dependent variable, while the independent variables were information quality; information satisfaction; system quality; system satisfaction; social influence; performance expectancy; effort expectancy; perceived support quality and support satisfaction. A quantitative approach was deemed best suited to test the proposed model. Using a survey method (i.e. paper-based and an on-line survey), a total of 1252 responses was collected; however, only 628 were analysed. To test the proposed e-Government model, the state of Kuwait was chosen as the application area and the official website of Kuwait Government On-line Services (KGOS) was selected, since it offers a number of services on-line. Elements were citizens who have had prior experience with the KGOS website, and the survey was conducted from 5th August to 10th October 2010. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was selected as the statistical analysis technique with the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software. A total of 40 percent of the variance among the factors of support satisfaction, system satisfaction, information quality, effort expectancy and performance expectancy was explained by behavioural intention to use an e-Government system. All hypotheses were supported except for one. The findings confirm the significance to the support quality perceived by citizens, and also provide insights into whether user satisfaction literature and TAMs should be integrated to explain citizens’ intention to use e-Government systems. Thus, in terms of the theoretical implications, this study highlights the significance of recognising theoretical relationships when performing empirical research in e-Government settings. Consequently, to capture both the technical aspects and the services provided on-line, a new variable was introduced and renamed ‘perceived support quality’. Additionally, the model offers managers a new perspective for dealing with e-Government adoption by signifying the importance of support quality perceived by citizens. The proposed model provides government decision-makers in developing countries with an appropriate approach to determining which factors require attention in order to reap the highest benefits from e-Governments’ projects. This suggests paying less attention to the social influence (SI) factor and consider instead improving the quality of on-line support citizens demand.