Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att utveckla en intressentbaseradutvärderingsmetod för att utvärdera informationssystem. Jag har valt attkalla utvärderingsmetoden för VISU (Verksamhetsutvecklande InformationssystemUtvärdering). I VISU uppfattas utvärderingsprocessen som en socialprocess där människor arbetar tillsammans för att bestämma sig för egenskaperoch värden hos det informationssystem som utvärderas. Utgångspunkten förutvärderingsprocessen enligt VISU är att utvärdering ska användas praktiskt avmänniskor för att skapa utveckling och förbättring i verksamheter. Frågor: Tvåövergripande forskningsfrågor har drivit avhandlingsarbetet: 1. Hur bör en metodför utvärdering av informationssystem vara utformad för att bidra till enverksamhets utveckling? 2. Vad innebär en pragmatiskt grundad modell för ISUtvärdering? Forskningsmetod: I avhandlingsarbetet utvecklar jag VISU ochundersöker hur metoden fungerar samt vilka konsekvenser som användandet avVISU ger i praktiska utvärderingssammanhang. Forskningsarbetet har bedrivitsenligt Canonical Action Research. Aktionsforskningsstrategin har valts för attmotsvara undersökningsbehovet vid metodutveckling - behovet av att prövametoden i praktiska utvärderingsprocesser där metoden är avsedd att användas.Vidare grundas och förankras VISU i pragmatiska kunskapsteorier och teorier omutvärdering (särskilt intressentmodellen). VISU är också grundad i forskning omIS-utvärdering och förankrad i skolan om interpretativ IS-utvärdering. Kunskapsbidrag: Det praktiska bidraget från avhandlingen är en metod, VISU,för att utvärdera informationssystem. De teoretiska kunskapsbidragen är:rationalitet för en pragmatisk utvärderingsprocess, en multiparadigmmodell förIS-utvärdering samt en modell för utvärderingsbruk. / Purpose: The purpose of the study is to develop an evaluation method forevaluating information systems based on the stakeholder model for evaluation.The method is called VISU (Swedish acronym for IS evaluation for workpracticedevelopment). In VISU, the evaluation process is recognised as a social processwhere people are working together in order to determine the qualities and valuesof the IS under evaluation. The point of departure is that evaluation is to be usedby people in order to make change and betterment. Questions: Two questionshave guided the study: 1) How should a method for evaluation of informationsystems be designed in order to contribute to the development of an organisation? and 2) What is the significance of a pragmatic grounded evaluation model? and 2) What is the significance of a pragmatic grounded evaluation model? Method: The research process has been conducted according to Canonical ActionResearch. The Action Research strategy has been chosen in order to satisfy theresearch needs when doing method development – the need to try the method outin non trivial situations. Further, VISU is grounded in pragmatic knowledgetheories, evaluation theories (stakeholder model) and IS evaluation theories andanchored in the school of interpretive IS evaluation. Contribution: The practicalcontribution from the study is VISU, a method for evaluation informationsystems. The theoretical contributions are rationality for pragmatic IS evaluation,a multiparadigm model for IS evaluation and a model for evaluation use.

His thesis deals with . the issues of measuring and managing projects In the first part the author describes the methodics of IS/ICT management, such as ITIL, COBIT, MMDIS and BSC and also some methologies of IT project management as PMBoK, PRINCE2, or ValIT MMDISŘíP After analysis of this metodology, there was constructed metrics model, which is based on these methodologies and uses metrics that are contained in methodologies, or the metrics are logically derived from these methodologies.In the second part the author describes the characteristics and usage of this model. For application were used data of the 20 projects from the course 4IT414 IS/ICT Project Management. The conclusion contains an analysis and evaluation of data generated by this model. Keywords: Project methodology, Methodology for IS/ICT Management, Metric, Model metrics, project evaluation.

Abstract (english) Objectives The main objective of this work is to design methods and proceadures enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of IT audit in banks with the accent given to their use by the supervisory authorities. Another objective of the work (and an essential starting point at the same time) is a summary and assesment of methods and proceadures developed and implemented into the CNB practice with regard to banking supervision in the area of information systems. Objectives Achievement From the methodological point of view the esential starting point of the work was represented by above mentioned objectives that were used for elaboration of a set of questions. Questions enabled to set up the hypotheses. (Another more particular hypotheses were defined in order to design the particular solutions in chapter 5.) Futhermore, the critical factors (problems) were defined in the process of the questions analyses. Subsequently, the solutions were specified. The solutions confirmed the hypotheses which reflected the achievement of the objectives. Description, categorisation, analyses, screening, modelling, comparative analyses and sample testing were used to achieve the objectives. In particular, the solutions that were elaborated, making use of methods described above, enhance effectiveness and efficiency of IT audit in banks. Moreover, the CNB's proceadures and methods were introduced and assesed within the work. Scientific Contribution The work brings an evidence of correlation between the quality of IT audit in banks and their economical performance. With this regard the work contributes with original conclusions, benchmarks and proceadures that may be used by banks, supervisory authorities and IT auditors. These conclusions are achieved by description, categorisation, analyses, modelling and screening research highlighting the role of the rentability, the productivity, the risks, the inovations and the economical value of information. Furthermore, the IT audit and IT supervision in banks are specified. They are also compared and contrast to the other audit cathegories. The work presents important peaces of evidence regarding the role of IT audit in this context. This is made by description, cathegorisation and analyses. Another contribution represents proceadures and methods developed and implemented (to the large extend by author) in the field od IT banking supervision in the Czech Republic. This delivers valuable outputs for foreign supervision authorities, banks and auditors. The work lead to original solutions of critical factors. These solutions are to use by IT audit and IT supervision (and also in audit work generally). The solutions make use of ceartain atributes of Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and were elaborated in the proces of decsription, cathegorisation, screening research, comparative analyses, hypotheses seting and testing. The solutions enhances acuracy and objectiveness of assesment done by IT auditors. The solutions lead to better comparativeness of audit outputs on both national and international level, give better preconditions for risk assesment and capital adequacy evaluation within BASEL II and enhance the information value of audit ouptuts. The structure (content) of the work reflects the above mentioned articles that give a brief description of the main four parts (chapters) of the work.

Elementos móveis influenciam expressivamente a evolução do grupo Bacteria, uma vez que são integrantes importantes do processo de geração da variabilidade genética e promovem a diversidade da população frente à estocasticidade do ambiente. Investigamos a influência de elementos genéticos móveis em linhagens de X. oryzae sob três diferentes aspectos nesta tese. Primeiramente, investigamos a transferência horizontal de um operon adquirido exclusivamente por Xoc, porém ausente em Xoo e linhagens filogenéticamente próximas. A importância da produção do fitormônio GA4 por Xoc é indicada pela alta prevalência do operon em diferentes populações, e pela ampla distrubuição geográfica em um amplo perído de tempo. Também abordamos a influência de elementos genéticos móveis mais amplamente no genoma de X. oryzae. Descrevemos como elementos de transposição, representados por elementos do tipo IS, são capazes de interferir em um sistema central do metabolismo bacteriano, como o sistema de reparo de DNA. Por fim, descrevemos um novo elemento encontrado em X. oryzae e analisamos sua organização, distribuição, filogenia, o nível transcricional e o potencial funcional na interação com seu hospedeiro Nosso conjunto de resultados reitera a importância dos elementos de transposição no aumento de variabilidade genética de populações, e dessa forma, infere sobre seu papel relevante na diversificação em X. oryzae. Descrevemos a variabilidade, exploramos as consequências da amplificação de elementos de transposição nesta espécie, evidenciamos a complexidade desta variação em nível populacional. / Mobile elements are genomic components that trigger genetic variability and promote the diversity of the population against the stochasticity of the environment and therefore, significantly influence the evolution of the Bacteria group. We investigate the influence of mobile genetic elements on X. oryzae lineages under three different aspects in this thesis. First, we investigated the horizontal transfer event of a operon, acquired exclusively by Xoc, but absent in Xoo and phylogenetically close lineages. The importance of the production of the phytohormone GA4 by Xoc is indicated by its high prevalence in different populations, in a wide geographic distribution and in a large time period.We also address the influence of mobile genetic elements more comprehensively in the X. oryzae genome. We describe how transposable elements, represented by IS elements, are capable of interfering in a central system of bacterial metabolism, such as the DNA repair system. Finally, we describe a new element found in X. oryzae and we analyze its organization, distribution, phylogeny and its transcriptional level. We also speculate its function in the X. oryzae-host interaction. Our results reiterate the importance of transposable elements enriching genetic variability of populations and infers on their relevant role in the diversification of X. oryzae lineage. We describe the variability, explore the consequences resulting from the amplification of transposition elements in the X. oryzae species and we show the complexity of this variation at the population level.

This thesis provides a systematic literature review of a selection among current papers andarticles on Green Information Systems (IS). The main focus is on the current state of Green ISin academic research. This study aims at gaining a deeper understanding and a clearer view ofthe state-of-the-art of IS for environmental sustainability research, with the goal of clarifyingthe diffuse idea of what Green IT/IS is, and what differentiates Green IS from Green IT.To support the objective of this study, the articles selected for data analysis were collected byusing a systematic literature review as research and analytical method. Within the thesis, adescriptive angle with an interpretative character is used to analyse the data extracted.A theoretical framework based on concepts from sustainability, Green IS and Green IT isemployed in order to analyse and compare terminologies and frameworks used in the studiedarticles. Furthermore, the different dimensions of sustainability and the various terms used todescribe Green IS are analysed comparatively.The result and analysis are discussed in a conclusion confirming the on-going ambiguity ofthe terms Green IT and Green IS and the transformative power of IS. This study aims tocontribute to our understanding of some of the existing problems that hinder further researchin the context of Green IS. Finally, we emphasise the importance of clear definitions in orderto advance the IS position for transforming society in a sustainable direction. / Program: Systemvetarutbildningen

<p>This thesis is an experimental study to evaluate the performance of different routing protocols in commonly deployed scenarios. This study mainly focuses on how much time each protocol consumes while recovering from a link-loss. It provides a guide line for the best routing solutions for ISPs, individual organizations or other types of providers which are engaged in providing reliable real-time communications to their subscribers. Such communications may include vehicle trafficking data, online TV programs (IPTV), voice over IP telephony (VoIP), weather forecasts, tracking systems and many other services which totally depend upon the reliability of real-time data streams, where any major loss in received data may bring significant negative results in the integrity of the entire application.</p><p>This work experimentally observes and tracks the loss of UDP packets when changes in the network topology occur. In order to make this observation in real network topologies, a custom-designed software tool has been developed. The tool is capable of delivering enough resources to a tester in evaluating the performance of routing protocols. All the test results derived from the software tool are statistically evaluated and on the basis of the outcome a better proposition can be provided to network administrators which face inconsistent topological issues.</p>

This thesis is an experimental study to evaluate the performance of different routing protocols in commonly deployed scenarios. This study mainly focuses on how much time each protocol consumes while recovering from a link-loss. It provides a guide line for the best routing solutions for ISPs, individual organizations or other types of providers which are engaged in providing reliable real-time communications to their subscribers. Such communications may include vehicle trafficking data, online TV programs (IPTV), voice over IP telephony (VoIP), weather forecasts, tracking systems and many other services which totally depend upon the reliability of real-time data streams, where any major loss in received data may bring significant negative results in the integrity of the entire application. This work experimentally observes and tracks the loss of UDP packets when changes in the network topology occur. In order to make this observation in real network topologies, a custom-designed software tool has been developed. The tool is capable of delivering enough resources to a tester in evaluating the performance of routing protocols. All the test results derived from the software tool are statistically evaluated and on the basis of the outcome a better proposition can be provided to network administrators which face inconsistent topological issues.

<p>Strategier för informationsförsörjning inom organisationer är en viktig stödjande kompo-nent tillsammans med andra strategier som rör verksamheten. För en optimal informa-tionsförsörjning krävs strategisk samsyn från alla delar i verksamheten, ett gott ledarskap och goda förutsättningar för medarbetarna.</p><p>Vi har genomfört uppsatsarbetet med utgångspunkt i tre olika perspektiv; lednings-, pro-cess- och användarperspektiv, vilka tillsammans är betydelsefulla för informationsförsörj-ningen i en organisation.</p><p>Forskningsfrågornas inriktning har rört sig kring informationssystemens betydelse inom en verksamhet och syftet med arbetet har varit:</p><p>• Att finna framgångsfaktorer och deras driv- och motkrafter för fullgod informa-tionsförsörjning genom att undersöka hur systemen för informationsförsörjning i ett företag strategiskt ansluter till företagets övergripande mål, är integrerade med varandra och processerna samt är ett verktyg för effektivt utnyttjande av användarna.</p><p>Metoden i uppsatsen grundas i systemsynsättet, som anger att summan av delarna är mer än delarna för sig – en synergi uppträder. När vi översatt detta till informationsförsörjning inom en organisation visas bilden av att ju fler system som är integrerade och ju fler funk-tioner som samverkar, desto större blir effektiviteten i informationsförsörjningen. Under-sökningens empiri hämtas ur intervjuer, genomgång av verksamhetsdokument samt en en-kätundersökning.</p><p>Vår undersökning identifierar en rad framgångsfaktorer – indikatorer – som brutits ner och beskrivits som driv- respektive motkrafter, som ger olika effekter inom organisationer. I ljuset av dessa indikatorer har vi funnit att det inom vårt studieobjekt, Företaget, finns förbättringsmöjligheter genom att verksamhetsledningen i högre grad fokuserar på IS/IT-frågor i organisationen. Det finns ett behov av att implementera IS-strategi och forma tydlig IS/IT-arkitektur och IT-infrastruktur inom Företaget, liksom en kvalitetssäkring av informationshanteringen inom verksamheten. De bärande informationssystemen – affärssystemet SAP och ledningssystemet QLM - inom verksamheten kräver en mer långtgående integrering mellan varandra och andra system för informationsförsörjning. Slutligen bör systemanvändarnas förutsättningar genom utbildning och support förbättras.</p><p>Undersökningen har dels resulterat i identifiering av systemanvändaren som en reglerande dimension inom en verksamhets informationsförsörjning, dels en vägledande analysmodell. Denna analysmodell bygger på de indikatorer med driv- och motkrafter som identifierats inom undersökningens teoretiska och empiriska bidrag. Den utarbetade analysmodellen kan användas som grund för framtida forskning som rör informationslogistik i organisationer.</p>

Small and medium sized companies can utillise information systems (IS) to overcome restrictions imposed by their often limited resources. This dissertation investigates which factors contribute to an IS’s success in enabling managerial accounting at small and medium sized manufacturing firms in Germany. An adaptation of the IS Success Model is used as the research model for a quantitative empirical survey among 5,831 companies. Structural equation modelling confirms the model and reveals two major findings: (1) The users’ Satisfaction with the IS is the strongest determinant of Net Benefits for managerial accounting. By contrast, the Perceived Usefulness of the IS has only an indirect influence. (2) Satisfaction has a significant influence on all Net Benefits, of which Reduced Uncertainty has the largest explained variance.

Informacijos sistemų (IS) kūrimo procesas turi gan nusistovėjusią struktūrą, tačiau ji neužtikrina aukštos kuriamų sistemų kokybės ir optimalaus atitikimo vartotojų poreikiams. Paprastai IS kūrimas susideda iš šių etapų: reikalavimų surinkimo, analizės ir specifikavimo, projektavimo, realizavimo, testavimo, diegimo ir sistemos palaikymo. Būtent išsamus ir teisingas reikalavimų specifikacijos sudarymas užtikrina tolimesnę projekto sėkmę. Tai inicijuoja naujų metodų kūrimą, kurie akcentuoja veiklos taisyklių (VT) koncepciją. Pagal šią koncepciją IS kūrimo metu taisyklės atskiriamos nuo kitų sistemą sudarančių objektų, taip sukuriant prielaidas tikslesniam reikalavimų fiksavimui. Šio darbo tikslas išnagrinėti KTU Informacijos sistemų katedroje sukurtą veiklos taisyklėmis grindžiamos reikalavimų specifikacijos sudarymo metodą ir pagerinti tiriamo metodo pritaikomumą sistemos projektavimo stadijoje. Pagal minėtą metodą, baigus reikalavimų specifikavimo procesą, visi surinkti ir struktūrizuoti reikalavimai fiksuojami saugykloje. Analizuojant šiuos duomenis siekiama turimus reikalavimus transformuoti į UML kalbos diagramas. / Information system (IS) development process has a relatively consistent structure, although it does not guarantee that all user requirements are represented correctly in the final system. Typically IS development consists of the following phases: requirements capture, analysis and specification, design, development, testing, installation and system support. The complete and correct requirement specification facilitates the further success of the project, therefore it is extremely important. This simple fact is one of the reasons why new approaches, such as those based on the business rules (BR) concept, keep on emerging. According to the BR concept, the business rules are separated from other system constitutive objects, thus creating an environment for a more accurate requirement capture. The main goal of this work was to examine the business rules based requirements specification method developed at KTU Department of Information system and come up with the ways of how to use the specified requirements during the system design phase. The decision was made to create the requirements-to-UML diagrams transformation methodology, which is presented in this document. The methodology was evaluated using a partial prototype implementation showing it can be applied in practice.