Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Pampa is the newest Brazilian biomes. It is one of the lest studied and the one of the most economically exploited. Among these forms of exploitation, there is the cultivation of great dominated grassy fields with exotic forest species. Researches involving animal and plant species have revealed great biodiversity, however, they are still rare for microorganisms. The aim of the study was to collect, to isolate and to analyze morphologically and molecularly three wood-decaying fungi growing on Pinus sp. in Pampa biome: Pseudomerulius curtisii (Berk.) Redhead & Ginns, Gelatoporia subvermispora (Pilat) Niemelä and Sarcoporia polyspora P. Karsten. It was conducted the morphological characterization and the sequencing of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of species allowing their identification and phylogenetic comparisons with the literature. P. curtisii calls attention to the rarity and beauty of the basidiome and morphological similarities with specimens of the Northern Hemisphere and Oceania, but with a genetic distance, and may show the geographic isolation and the new taxon to be described. G. subvermispora, widely studied by the high biotechnology and industrial potential. It has high similarity with morphogenetic U.S. specimens, but with genetic divergence of Eurasian specimens. S. polyspora shows high morphological similarity with the specimens of the northern hemisphere, but there is a lack of sequences available for phylogenetic comparison. These species were registered for the first time in South America. P. curtisii, G. subvermispora and S. polyspora, fungi Basidiomycota show high potential for nutrient cycling and soil formation by the capacity or lignin and cellulose degradation. / O Pampa é o mais novo dos biomas brasileiros, sendo o menos estudado e um dos mais explorados comercialmente. Dentre estas formas de exploração, destaca-se o plantio de grandes áreas com espécies florestais exóticas. Os estudos envolvendo espécies animais e vegetais têm revelado grande biodiversidade, mas ainda são escassos para microrganismos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi coletar, isolar e analisar morfológica e molecularmente três fungos decompositores de madeira de Pinus sp. no bioma Pampa: Pseudomerulius curtisii (Berk.) Redhead & Ginns, Gelatoporia subvermispora (Pilát) Niemelä e Sarcoporia polyspora P. Karsten. Efetuou-se a caracterização morfológica e o sequenciamento da região ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 das espécies, permitindo suas identificações e comparações filogenéticas com a literatura. P. curtisii chama atenção pela raridade e beleza dos basidiomas e similaridade morfológica com os espécimes do Hemisfério Norte e Oceania, mas com uma distância genética, podendo mostrar o isolamento geográfico e novo taxon a ser descrito. G. subvermispora, amplamente estudado pelo elevado potencial biotecnológico e industrial, apresenta alta similaridade morfogenética com espécimes dos EUA, porém com divergência genética dos espécimes da Eurásia. S. polyspora apresenta alta similaridade morfológica com os espécimes do hemisfério Norte, mas há falta de sequências disponíveis para comparação filogenética. Essas espécies foram registradas pela primeira vez na América do Sul. P. curtisii, G. subvermispora and S. polyspora (Basidiomycota) apresentam grande potencial para estudos de ciclagem de nutrientes e formação do solo pela capacidade de degradação de lignina e/ou celulose.

Integrating crop and livestock is being considered to improve soil health by carbon sequestration. A two-year study (2019-2021) at CPBES in Newton, MS was aimed to evaluate soil microbial diversity in the warm, humid regions, specifically southeastern USA. Amplicons targeting bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS2 regions were sequenced. Taxonomic assignment and microbial diversity characterization were performed using QIIME2®. Soil fungal diversity showed significant differences (alpha diversity, p = 0.031 in yr. 2020 and beta diversity, p = 0.037 in yr. 2021). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Mantel test showed significant influence on fungal diversity due to carbon (rm = 0.2581, p = 0.022), nitrogen (rm = 0.2921, p = 0.0165) in yr. 2021, and on bacterial diversity due to EE-GRSP (rm = 0.22, p = 0.02) in yr. 2020. Long term study of ICLS can help us better understand the shift in microbiome to improve crop production sustainably.