The goal of this study is to point out the influence of earlier experiences, and in particular the experiences in utero, on the identity formation of the adolescent. Although the identity problem is generally associated with the development during the adolescent years, the researcher strives to point out the relation between identity problems as they manifests in later years, and the intra-uterine experiences. The research view this problem from three different angles: i. A study that examines the identity problem as it occurs during adolescence, as well as the causes of the problem. This study points out the main characteristics of the identity problem, as well as the way it manifests during the adolescent years. ii. A study of psycho-neurobiological models offers an explanation of the influence of memory on behaviour. This study gives the neurological explanation of how and why the very first experiences that are encoded in memory, have a distinct and prevailing influence on the behaviour of the individual. The encoding of memory takes action as soon as there is sufficient neurological development - this occurs at some stage in the development of the fetus in utero. The behaviour is not controlled by the past experiences, but by the perceptions and associations that are formed during encoding of memory. iii. A description of regressive therapies that enable the researcher to retrieve the memory from the subconscious mind, and reframe the perceptions and associations that were formed through earlier experiences, in order to change the behaviour. Two types of therapies are discussed - hypnosis and kinesiology. A qualitative study is performed on three respondents. This study points out the significance of the intra-uterine experiences on the development of the identity problem as it manifests in later years. It also indicates the fact that, although the past experiences can never be changed, the perceptions and associations that were formed during the encoding of the memory of the experience can be changed through reframing. The reframing of the experiences and the reformation of perceptions and associations have a definite and positive effect on the behaviour of the individual. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Those learners who generally struggle to relate to their teachers and peers, also appear to struggle with their parents. This research study is thus an investigation into the influence of the parent-child relationship on the self-concept of the Southern Sotho child. A literature study was done and the major dimensions of the self-concept were identified, namely, the physical self, the academic self, the social self, the value self, the family self and the psychic self. A questionnaire was developed to measure the self-concept of the child. Another questionnaire was used to measure the parent-child relationship. The results of the empirical investigation indicated that the parent-child relationship does have an influence on the self-concept of the Southern Sotho child, although certain contradictions to other research findings emerged. Problematic aspects of the research were discussed and recommendations for further research were made. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counseling)

The purpose of this study is to explore the processes of individuation and connection in mother-daughter relationships, and describe how these relationships may or may not be facilitated by the intervention of reflections and joint narratives. This study used social constructionism as the epistemological framework and involved in-depth interviews with three mother-daughter pairs. Hermeneutics was used to analyse the data. The participants' experiences were recounted through the researcher's lens in the form of themes that characterised their relationships as well as interactional patterns. Participant's experiences of the research process, and what the researcher believed were helpful and unhelpful behaviours in her interaction with each mother-daughter pair, were discussed. A comparative analysis was also undertaken between the common themes identified in the stories of the mother-daughter pairs and the literature. The information gained could assist women as well as professionals in understanding and respecting mother-daughter relationships in their specific contexts. / Psychology / M. A. (Psychology)

The purpose of this study was to present an analysis of Naguib Mahfouz’s writings in relationship to modern Islam, changes in Egyptian Islam, the impact of colonialism, and modern Muslim Identity. The divergent effects and results of transformations in Egypt are analyzed through history, literature, and religion using theoretical religious, psychological, historical, and social world views. Selected writings of Naguib Mahfouz are used as the central body of literature. Naguib Mahfouz’s writings provide a plethora of divergent views on Egypt, Islam, and the emerging new Muslim Identity. Mahfouz’s writings centralize the many dilemmas that Muslims face today in light of modernity, western influences, and a transforming Islam. In this study there were some conclusions drawn about modern Islam and literature that discuss modern Islam as reflected in Mahfouz’s literary portrayals of ordinary Muslims living in Cairo and Alexandria oscillating between their native Eastern culture and Western colonial influences, as well as the existential and spiritual questions that accompany change for modern Muslims. / Religious Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)

The literature survey reports that persons electing cosmetic plastic surgery for aesthetic or medical reasons, or those persons not electing any form of surgery, often experience physical, psychological and socio-cultural problems. The complexity among the associated variables, body images, identity status, fashionable clothing behaviour and social self-consciousness were investigated comparatively, using a biopsychosocial approach. The samples consisted of cosmetic surgery patients (n=25), Black and White female fashion participants (n=60) and breast oncology case studies (n=3). The research methods included descriptive and inferential statistics. A maximum of six questionnaires was administered per individual. The results indicated that a positive body image perception was related to identity integrity, fashionable dressing and a sense of social acceptance. Insight into the importance placed on the body as a means of self-expression can contribute to successful cosmetic and breast oncology surgery and also promote intercultural harmony, by reducing body-based prejudice. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-concept of juvenile delinquents and to compare it with the self-concept of non-delinquent adolescents. The aspects of the self and their role in self-concept formation were outlined. Psychosocial and moral development were discussed, as well as factors that affect moral development. Juvenile delinquency was studied. Poverty and lack of parental care stood out as the main causes of juvenile delinquency. The South African juvenile justice system was also investigated. The Adolescent Self-concept Scale was administered to 20 delinquent and 20 nondelinquent adolescents. The results revealed that there is a significant difference between the self-concept of juvenile delinquents and that of non-delinquents. The delinquent group was found to have a low general self-concept. In order to determine how delinquent behaviour influences the self-concept and vice versa, one respondent from the delinquent group was randomly selected and an indepth study was carried out. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

Orientador : Oswaldo Giacoia Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T06:20:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula_MarcioGimenesde_D.pdf: 686730 bytes, checksum: 2ad1ca2ae3bb70d249830b23d3371324 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a questão do indivíduo e da comunidade no interior da crítica de Kierkegaard (1813-1855) à cristandade. Tal polêmica revela uma face religiosa ou teológica, mas antes reflete uma crítica filosófica, que pode ser melhor observada pela perspectiva da filosofia da religião. O autor dinamarquês caracteriza-se por ser essencialmente um pós-hegeliano, tanto em sua cronologia quanto em sua temática. Dessa forma, pretende-se abordá-lo aqui enquanto tal, ainda que guardando delimitações específicas. As considerações introdutórias fornecem, notadamente a partir da interpretação de Karl Löwith, o ambiente filosófico e histórico dos pós-hegelianos críticos da cristandade (e do cristianismo). Dentre esses pensadores, destaca-se a figura de Kierkegaard. O primeiro capítulo tem por meta analisar o problema da verdade objetiva no cristianismo. Para tanto, será especialmente analisada a primeira parte da obra kierkegaardiana Post-Scriptum às Migalhas Filosóficas, uma vez que nela tal problema é proposto. O segundo capítulo analisará a questão do indivíduo e do universal dentro da obra kierkegaardiana. A obra selecionada como principal foco de tal análise é o Livro sobre Adler. Como encadeamento orgânico dessa temática, o terceiro capítulo coloca, a propósito da dialética entre o indivíduo e o comunitário na obra de Kierkegaard, questões centrais do cristianismo como: martírio, apostolado, genialidade e heroísmo. Tais questões serão analisadas especialmente através de uma leitura e interpretação dos Dois pequenos tratados ético-religiosos e do discurso As preocupações dos pagãos. O quarto capítulo pretende avaliar a polêmica kierkegaardiana contra a cristandade propriamente dita. Aborda-se aqui especialmente os artigos de A Pátria, O Instante e o discurso A imutabilidade de Deus. O intuito é demonstrar o quanto a polêmica kierkegaardiana contra a cristandade foi preparada no decorrer de toda a obra e dotada de uma teleologia própria e específica. Por fim, as relações dialéticas entre a comunidade e o indivíduo na obra kierkegaardiana são retomadas nas considerações finais, que pretendem ser uma análise organizada das idéias de Kierkegaard, notadamente em matéria de crítica da cristandade e em filosofia da religião / Abstract: The purpose of this research is to study the question concerning the individual and the community in Kierkegaard¿s works (1813-1855), specially in his criticism of Christendom. There is in this polemic a religiosous and theological face, but there is a philosophical criticism too, that can be better analysed second the perspective of philosophy of religion. The danish author is a post hegelian in his cronology and thematic. In this way, his interpretion is researched here, with these previous delimitations. The introduction give, second Karl Löwith¿s interpretation, the philosophical and historical context of the post hegelianism and his criticism on the question of Christendom (and Christianity). Kierkegaard is one of these thinkers. The first chapter analyses the problem concerning objective true in Christianity. This question is researched in the first part of Concluding Unscientific Post-Scriptum to Philosophical Fragments, where it is firstly proposed. The second chapter studies the question concerning the individual and the universal in Kierkegaard¿s works. The work analyses specially for this question is The Book on Adler. In the same way and thematic, the third chapter studies, in this discussion between individual and comunity in Kierkegaard¿s works, central questions of the Christianity: questions like martyr, apostle, genius and heroi. These problems will be analyses specially in Two Minor Ethico-religious essays and in the discurse The worries of the heathen. The fourth chapter analyses the polemic against the Christendom. The works specially researched here are the articles of The Fatherland, The Moment and the discourse The changelessness of God. The aim is to prove that the kierkegaardian polemic with the Christendom was a specially objective. This research is concluded, with the analyses of the dialetical relations between community and individual in Kierkegaard¿s works. Many Kierkegaard¿s works was used here. Otherwise, the aim of this research is to study in an organizated form, the Kierkegaard¿s conceptions, specially about his Christendom cristicism and his philosophy of religion / Doutorado / Filosofia / Doutor em Filosofia

From Introduction: Gehoor speel 'n belangrike rol in die leerproses, in aanpassing by die omgewing asook in aanpassing by sosiale omstandighede. Gehoorverlies plaas die individu in 'n situasie van vereensaming, veroorsaak deur 'n beperktheid in kommunikasievermoë. (Roux, 1979:1) Dr Roux, Direkteur van Gesondheidsdienste van die Departement van Gesondheid, Welsyn en Pensioene, het tydens die Goue Jubileum-Kongres van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Raad vir Dowes daarop gewys dat gehoorverlies vandag meer Amerikaners affekteer as hartsiektes, kanker, blindheid, tuberkulose, veneriese siektes, sklerose en niersiektes tesame. (Roux, 1979:1) In Suid-Afrika word beraam dat 0,06% van aIle babas totaal doof gebore word en dat die aantal persone met ernstige gehoorprobleme, volgens die skatting van die Departement van Gesondheid, Welsyn en Pensioene, 65 000 beloop. Hierdie getal sluit Swartes uit. (Roux, 1979:1) ... Die probleem van doofheid is kompleks en soms so ingewikkeld dat dit te betwyfel is of die horende individu die omvang daarvan begryp en insig in die situasie van die dowe kan ontwikkel. Empatie met die dowe en begrip vir sy leefwêreld is vir die horende persoon problematies. 'n Wêreld sonder klank is moeilik om te visualiseer en 'n wêreld sonder taal lê buite die begripsvermoë van die horende. Daar bestaan op velerlei gebiede verwarring ten opsigte van die dowe. Die horende persoon besef gewoonlik dat daar 'n eiesoortige wêreld van ervaring en denke vir die dowe is anders as die van die horende, maar begrip vir die omvang van die andersheid van die dowe ontbreek.

D.Cur. / The purpose of this study was to generate an interpersonal communication skills approach for adolescents. Through this approach adolescents will be given an opportunity to formulate new stories on their interpersonal communication skills in the form of stories about constructive communication skills. This will enable adolescents to maintain their important interpersonal relationships. Adolescence is a period characterised by the occurance of many adjustments and changes. Continually higher demands are made from adolescents in terms of career choices, the choice of friends, release from parents and parental homes, development of autonomy and the successful completion of the adolescent developmental phase. The climate of reconciliation in the post apartheid South Africa pressurise adolescents even more. Sources of support is consequently of great importance to adolescents during this phase of change. Sources of support for example the families of adolescents, members of the community and especially the peer group plays a significant role. interpersonal relationships with the aforementioned groups of persons and individuals must be maintained in order to ensure continued support during and in order to successfully complete the developmental phase of adolesence. This requires constructive interpersonal communication skills. It is however evident that adolescents do not posess all of the required constructive communication skills which would enable them to maintain these important interpersonal relationships. The abovementioned lead to the following questions which were addressed in phase one, -two and -three of this research: Over which interpersonal communication skills do adolescents posess? Which specific interpersonal communication skills needs to be addressed in the interpersonal communication skills approach in order to maximise adolescent's ability to communicate interpersonally with a view to improve, maintain and restore their mental health? Which guidelines can be given for the operationalising of the interpersonal communication skills approach for adolescents? A qualitative, investigative, descriptive and contextual design was followed. The research was conducted in three phases with a pre-phase which preceeded phase one of the research. A topical scenario to be utilised in the course of the research was established in the pre-phase of the research through group interviews with adolescents. In phase one of the research role play was conducted and written dialogue was obtained based on the scenarios identified in the pre-phase. An interpersonal communication skills approach was generated in phase two of the research. In phase three of the research certain guidelines were described for the operationalising of the approach. The researcher concluded from the results obtained in phase one of the research that the interpersonal communication of adolescents included in this research were characterised by an entanglement within four repetative circular interpersonalcommunication patterns. These four repetative circular interpersonal communication patterns are initiated and maintained by certain feelings, thoughts and behaviour. The four repetative circular interpersonal communication patterns are the following: Recurrent circular interpersonal patterns of defocusing and externalizing the topic under discussion; Recurrent circular interpersonal patterns of struggling for power between the adolescent and the other conversationist; Recurrent circular interpersonal patterns of not listening to the other conversationist; and Recurrent circular interpersonal patterns of not focusing on feelings while conversating.

This thesis provides a sociological understanding of how conventional knowledge of sexuality negates the identity formation of black gay men in contemporary South Africa. It investigates the coming out experiences of six black gay men in order to reveal the disjunctures between being black and being gay. The theoretical formation of disjuncture is pursued through examining a number of sociological, historical, psychoanalytical, and feminist approaches to identity, sexuality, and society; featuring specifically the theories of George Herbert Mead, Michel Foucault, and Judith Butler. The chosen research paradigm is symbolic interactionism, postulating both „pragmatist‟ and „empiricist‟ trends that lead to both interactionist and structuralist forms of argumentation. The interactionist approach to sexuality is central to the deconstruction of sexual conventions. It involves conceptualising modern sexuality in the landscapes of African colonial history and the global gay and lesbian movement. The prescribed literature on homosexuality is thus reviewed in conjunction with the South African gay and lesbian struggle, so as to spawn themes and perspectives for conducting life story interviews. The use of the life story interview favours the participants‟ own view of the studied phenomenon, yet aims to depict the structural influence on homosexual identification. Following the qualitative research tradition, the data analysis is based on the interpretation of narratives. It illustrates interpersonal relationships and microscopic experiences that lead to the self-acceptance and self-actualisation of homosexuality. Within these processes, various disjunctures that exist between the cultural sanction of lifestyle and individual choice, between parents and children, between religious belief and personal desires, and between gender identity and sexual orientation are disclosed. The findings are associated with the historical transformation of masculinity in South Africa, sex role performance, and the heterosexualisation of desire. The solution to the proposed research problem is discussed through concepts of socialisation and gender conformity.