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Kaposi's sarcoma and sexually transmitted disease /Wiggins, Charles Lamar, January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D)--University of Washington, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 364-392).
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Early events following oral transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus : from viral entry to host immune responseMilush, Jeffrey Martin. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2005. / On campus access only. Vita. Bibliography: 120-147.
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Tainted blood, tainted knowledge contesting scientific evidence at the Krever Inquiry /Paterson, Timothy Murray, January 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of British Columbia, 1999. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 22, 2005). Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued also in microfiche. Issued also in print.
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Educating adolescents on HIV/AIDS recommendations from an exemplary evaluation : a report submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science, Parent-Child Nursing ... /Martens, Melissa L. January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1996.
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Avaliação das condições de saúde bucal em pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo hiv: estudo caso-controle / Assessment of Oral Health Status in Pediatric Patients Infected with HIV Virus: A case-control studyAlves, Calina de Almeida Japiassu 11 December 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of the present study was to assess the oral health status of children infected with HIV virus. A prospective, observational, descriptive, case-control study was carried out in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. The sample consisted of a study group (SG) made up of 21 children infected with HIV in treatment at the Infectology Unit of the Clementino Fraga Hospital Complex and a control group (CG) of 28 children with no history of HIV infection covered by the Jardim Miramar II Family Health Program. Dental caries indices, (DMFT and deft), gingival status indices (VPI, GBA, OHI-S), resting and stimulated salivary flow and salivary buffer capacity were determined. The deft index was 3.19 ± 3.21(95%CI 1.73-4.66) in the SG and 2.54 ± 1.9 (95%CI 1.78-3.29) in the CG; the DMFT was 3.52 ± 2.6 (95%CI 2.34-4.71) in the SG and 1.32 ± 1.4 (95%CI 0.74-1.90) in the CG (p=0.002). There were statistically significant differences between groups in the decayed component for both the primary (p=0.02) and permanent (p<0.0001) dentition as well as in the filled component for the primary dentition (p<0.0001). The presence of visible biofilm was 52.9% in the SG and 47.1% in the CG (p=0.031). Gingivitis, measured by the gingival bleeding index (GBI) was absent in 57.1% of the SG and 78.5% of the CG (p=0.09). There was a difference between groups in resting saliva flow (p=0.01). There was a high frequency of caries in the SG. The most prevalent need for treatment in the SG was extraction, whereas the most prevalent treatment need in the CG was for procedures of low complexity. The organization of services is suggested for addressing this clinical demand and a health promotion program should be implemented for this population. / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições de saúde bucal de crianças infectadas ou não pelo vírus HIV. A amostra foi composta por um grupo de estudo (GE), constituído por 21 crianças infectadas pelo HIV, atendidas no setor de infectologia do Complexo Hospitalar Clementino Fraga e por um grupo controle (GC) de 28 crianças sem história de infecção pelo HIV, atendidas no Programa de Saúde da Família Jardim Miramar II. A pesquisa é do tipo descritiva, observacional, prospectiva, e do tipo caso-controle, e foi desenvolvido em João Pessoa, PB, Brasil. Em ambos os grupos foram determinados o índice de cárie dentária (ceo-d e CPO-D), índices da condição gengival (IPV, ISG, IHO-S), além do fluxo salivar em repouso e o estimulado, e a capacidade tampão da saliva. A análise estatística foi feita através de testes de associação, como o Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher, além do teste de Mann-Whitney; todos com nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). Observou-se ceo-d de 3,19 ± 3,21(IC95% 1,73 - 4,66) GE e 2,54 ± 1,9 (IC95% 1,78- 3,29) GC, já o CPO-D foi de 3,52 ± 2,6 (IC 95% 2,34 - 4,71) GE e 1,32 ± 1,4 (IC95% 0,74 - 1,90) GC (p=0,002). Em relação aos componentes verificou-se diferença estatística para o componente c cariado tanto na dentição decídua (p=0,02) como na permanente (p<0,0001) e para o componente O obturado na dentição decídua (p<0,0001). Observou-se presença de biofilme visível em 52,9% (GE) e 47,1% (GC) (p=0,031). A ausência de gengivite pelo índice de Sangramento Gengival (ISG) foi de 57,1% (GE) e 78,5% (GC) (p=0,09). Observou-se diferença entre os grupos para o fluxo salivar em repouso (p=0,01). Verificou-se alto índice de cárie nas crianças do GE. A necessidade de tratamento mais prevalente foi a extração (GE), enquanto que para o GC foi de procedimentos de baixa complexidade. As condições da saúde bucal das crianças com HIV não foram satisfatórias quando comparadas às do GC.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Infection of Human Myeloid CellsPise-Masison, Cynthia Ann 01 June 1994 (has links)
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) results in a wide range of immunologic and hematopoietic abnormalities. The overall goal of this dissertation was directed toward obtaining a better understanding of the interactions of HIV-1 and myeloid cells in relation to the pathogenesis of AIDS. The human myelomonocytic cell line, HL-60, was used as a model system to determine if HIV-1 infects myeloid progenitor cells and subsequently, if infection affects their differentiation. HL-60 cells and the human prototypic T cell line, H9 were infected with three different HIV-l isolates (IIIB, PM213, and NL4-3) which are known to infect T cells. All three isolates productively infected both H9 and HL-60 cells; however, HIV-1 antigen expression and cytopathicity was delayed by approximately 15 days in infected HL-60 cells compared H9 cells. To examine the effect of HIV-l infection on myeloid differentiation, chronically infected HL-60 cells and clonal lines derived from them were induced to differentiate into either granulocytes by treatment with dimethyl formamide (DMF) or into monocytes by treatment with phorbol l2-myristate 13 acetate (PMA). By both cellular morphology and function, approximately the same percentage of treated, HIV-infected HL-60 cells differentiated into either granulocytes or monocytes as treated, control HL-60 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that HIV-1 infection does not affect the morphological or functional differentiation of HL-60 cells.
In an effort to understand the differences in the regulation of HIV-l infection in myeloid versus T cells, the life cycle of NL4-3 was examined in HL-60 cells and H9 cells. Initially, NL4-3 replication was restricted in HL-60 cells compared to H9 cells. This restriction was overcome 15 days after infection by the generation of a viral isolate, NL4-3(M). NL4-3(M), harvested during the lytic phase of NL4-3 infection of HL-60 cells, caused cell death approximately 8 days after infection in both H9 and HL-60 cells. Although measurements of viral entry kinetics demonstrated that the timing of entry of NL4-3 and NL4-3(M) in HL-60 cells and NL4-3 in H9 cells was similar, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of newly reverse transcribed NL4-3 DNA in H9 and HL-60 cells revealed that NL4-3 infected H9 cells and NL4-3(M) infected HL-60 cells contain consistently higher amounts of newly reverse transcribed DNA than NL4-3 infected HL-60 cells. The delay in NL4-3 replication in HL-60 cells was further amplified by inefficient spread of the virus throughout the HL-60 culture as measured by RNA production and DNA integration suggesting that another step in the viral life cycle after reverse transcription was also restricted. These results suggest that the efficiency of NL43 replication in HL-60 cells is restricted at several steps in the viral life cycle. Further, these restrictions are overcome by the generation of a viral variant, NL4-3(M), which efficiently replicates in myeloid cells.
The tropism of NL4-3(M) was further characterized by testing its growth in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Unlike NL4-3, NL4-3(M) productively infected MDM cultures. The ability of NL4-3(M) to infect macrophages was conferred by the envelope gene. This was demonstrated by the ability of the recombinant virus, NL4-3envA, which contains the envelope of NL4-3(M) in the context of the NL4-3 genome, to infect and replicate in MDM cultures. The envelope gene of NL4-3(M), however, did not confer ability to rapidly kill HL-60 cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that viral determinants controlling entry into MDM are different trom the determinants controlling the cytopathic phenotype in HL-60 cells.
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Stigmatization of and discrimination against people who are HIV positive, or have AIDS – a female perspective in Zwartwater, Eastern Cape ProvinceMalgas, Khangela Frida January 2011 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The aim of this study is to investigate the perceived stigmatization of and
discrimination against people who are HIV positive or people who are living with
AIDS. One questionnaire was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data.
Data collection was conducted for a period of three weeks in the Eastern Cape
province at the Zwartwater area in Lady Frere and at the Queenstown (Frontier)
Hospital. A sample of 170 (of the 900) females was interviewed, of which 100
were sequentially sampled from the community and 70 were sequentially sampled
whilst they were queuing at the Queenstown (Frontier) Hospital for care.
Households from the rural area were selected by visiting every fourth house on
the route linking the houses in this area. At the hospital, selection started at the
back of the queue and every sixth person was selected and interviewed.
Scores were calculated for knowledge and attitudes towards people who are HIV positive and towards people who have AIDS. It was found that knowledge and
attitude scores did not differ between the various age groups tested. It was
furthermore found that an increased knowledge score improved attitudes towards
people who are HIV-positive or have AIDS.
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O Impacto dos Vírus Hepatotrópicos no Paciente Infectado pelo HIV e o papel da elastometria transitória / The impact of the hepatotropic viruses in the HIV-infected patient and the role of transient elastometryTuma, Paula [UNIFESP] 24 February 2010 (has links) (PDF)
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Publico-211.pdf: 858378 bytes, checksum: 71178d81ebb4262f204851184441f237 (MD5) / A doença hepática foi um evento negligenciado no paciente infectado pelo HIV por muitos anos, principalmente em virtude da alta mortalidade por doenças oportunistas relacionadas á síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (aids). Com o advento da terapia antirretroviral de grande atividade (HAART), a mortalidade relacionada às doenças oportunistas caiu substancialmente e a mortalidade por doenças hepáticas emergiu como uma das principais causas de morte não relacionadas à aids. Desde o reconhecimento de seu impacto na morbidade, muitas modificações vêm ocorrendo. Atualmente, os antirretrovirais disponíveis são menos hepatotóxicos, há um melhor entendimento e busca de aperfeiçoamento no tratamento das hepatites virais, novas tecnologias estão disponíveis para seguimento e diagnóstico da doença hepática, bem como novas formas de avaliar a gravidade desses pacientes. Portanto, avaliar o paciente infectado pelo HIV nesse novo “ambiente” se faz necessário. A presente série de estudos revisa tópicos relacionados á doença hepática em pacientes infectados pelo HIV na atualidade. Primeiramente, comparam-se duas novas técnicas diagnósticas para determinação do grau da fibrose hepática: o Impulso Potente por Radiação Acústica comparado a Elastometria Transitória. Demonstra-se boa correlação diagnóstica entre as duas técnicas e utilizando a elastometria transitória, acessamos a incidência de cirrose em pacientes HIV positivos independente da etiologia. Não surpreendentemente, demonstra-se que atualmente os pacientes que atingem o estádio de cirrose hepática são portadores de hepatite C que não receberam tratamento para essa última ou não atingiram a cura quando tratados. Por último, avaliamos a mortalidade entre pacientes cirróticos infectados pelo HIV. Observa-se uma taxa de mortalidade relativamente elevada quando se compara com dados recentes de literatura que avaliam a mortalidade geral em pacientes HIV positivos. Interessantemente, os fatores associados a uma maior mortalidade foram CD4<200, HIV-RNA>50 cópias/mL, grau de fibrose hepática avaliado por elastometria transitória e o MELD. Sendo assim, nota-se que as inovações apresentadas no campo da coinfecção vêm beneficiando de forma importante os pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Contudo, a mortalidade entre pacientes que possuem cirrose estabelecida segue alta e novos caminhos para acessar a gravidade na cirrose hepática devem ser mais explorados no paciente infectado pelo HIV. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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A AIDS em cena: os primeiros protagonistas da maior epidemia no final do século XX / The AIDS on the scene: the first protagonists of the larger epidemic in the end of XX centuryVitiello, Gabriel Natal Botelho January 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009 / Essa dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o papel dos homossexuais na luta contra a Aids, no espaço de tempo compreendido entre 1978 a 1992. No final da década de 1970, constatamos que os homossexuais brasileiros começam a ser influenciados pelos ideais do movimento gay americano e, a partir do jornal Lampião da Esquina editado por gays brasileiros discutimos como se deu a interação entre os gays no Brasil, possibilitando uma organização dos homossexuais no país e a formação de uma identidade homossexual brasileira. No início da década de 1980, a Aids chega ao Brasil como uma doença gay, sendo analisado como essa idéia foi construída a partir do conhecimento médico-científico e divulgada pelas reportagens da imprensa escrita no período. Por fim, discutimos a atuação dos homossexuais dentro das ONGs/Aids, frente a onda de preconceito e estigmas ocasionados pela enfermidade, tendo como base duas ONGs, a Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de Aids (ABIA) e o Grupo Pela Valorização Integração e Dignidade do Doente de Aids (Pela VIDDA) .
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Disponibilidade e satisfação com o suporte social às pessoas com AIDS / Social support to people with AIDS: perceptioon and satisfactionDurgante, Vania Lucia 25 January 2012 (has links)
It is a transversal, descriptive and quantitative study developed to measure the social
support and the satisfaction of patients with AIDS who are being treated with anti-retroviral
medicine. The research was carried out at the University Hospital of Santa Maria, Rio Grande
do Sul state, with a sample of 117 users registered at the Medicament Providing Unit of
HIV/AIDS. The data were collected by means of a research protocol divided into two parts: a
social-demographic questionnaire on health and the Social Support Scale. It was taken from
February to April 2001, after signing the Free and Aware Agreement Term. For the storing
and organization of information, it was built a data bank in the program Excel (Office 2007).
After that, they were analyzed statistically with the help of software Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences. The scale internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach s Alpha
Coefficient, which attested the certainty of the instrument measure (0.93). Dispersion and
central tendency measures were used for the analysis and presentation of the outcomes. Mann
Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for the comparison among the interest variants
and the scale dimension. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relation between the
availability and satisfaction of the social support. It was identified 53.1% of male users, single
and separated (49.7%), catholic (55.4%), mean age of 42.08 years (±10.04), concluded
fundamental school, (39.5%) earned from one to three minimum wages (40.7%) and are
active workers (45.2%). In the treatment beginning, it was noticed CV of average value and
very low CD4, by the time of data collection of undetectable Viral Charge and normal CD4. It
was seen 55.9% of hospital admissions after the diagnosis, 41.8% of them know the diagnosis
between 6 and 10 years old and 61.5% have the treatment between one and six years of age.
The most common support received was the emotional one and this support came from the
family members. It is concluded that the social-demographic and health variables influenced
the availability and satisfaction of the social support and in joining TARV . The most
accepted social support was the emotional one and the support sources are from their families.
The users evaluated the social support satisfaction as neither satisfied nor dissatisfied . The
support received in concrete situations, which helps the health treatment, and the support,
which makes them feel beloved, had the highest averages in the emotional and instrumental
support, respectively. The financial support was the least common one. It should be
highlighted the importance of this study for health professionals once it recognizes the social
support as a mediator for the maintenance and promotion of health as well as the results of the
social living as a factor to protect and give quality of life. / Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo desenvolvido com o
objetivo de mensurar o suporte social e a satisfação percebida pelos pacientes com aids em
tratamento com antirretrovirais. A pesquisa foi realizada no Hospital Universitário de Santa
Maria/RS com uma amostra de 177 usuários cadastrados na Unidade de Dispensação de
Medicamentos em HIV/aids. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um protocolo de pesquisa
dividido em duas partes: um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde e a Escala de
Avaliação do Suporte Social. A coleta de dados foi realizada de fevereiro a abril de 2011, após
assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Para o armazenamento e
organização das informações construiu-se um banco de dados em uma planilha eletrônica, no
programa Excel (Office 2007). Após foram analisados estatisticamente com o auxílio do
software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A consistência interna da Escala foi
avaliada pelo Coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach, que atestou fidedignidade da medida a que o
instrumento se propõe (α=0,93). Para análise e apresentação dos resultados utilizaram-se
medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. Para comparação entre as variáveis de interesse e
as dimensões da Escala utilizaram-se os testes de Mann Whitney e o Kruskal-Wallis. Usou-se
a Correlação de Spearman para avaliar a relação entre disponibilidade e satisfação frente ao
suporte social. Identificou-se que 53,1% dos usuários do estudo eram do sexo masculino,
49,7% solteiros ou separados, católicos (55,4%), idade média de 42,08 anos (±10,04) anos,
ensino fundamental incompleto (39,5%), que ganhavam entre um e três salários mínimos
(40,7%), e ativos profissionalmente (45,2%). No início do tratamento verificou-se CV de
valor médio e CD4 muito baixo e na ocasião da coleta de dados a Carga Viral estava
indetectável e o CD4 normal. Verificou-se 55,9% de internações após o diagnóstico, 41,8%
conhecem o diagnóstico entre seis e 10 anos e 61,5% fazem o tratamento entre um e seis anos.
O suporte social mais recebido foi o emocional e as fontes de suporte foram os familiares. Os
usuários avaliaram a satisfação do suporte social recebido como nem satisfeitos, nem
insatisfeitos . O apoio recebido em situações concretas que facilitam o tratamento de saúde e
o apoio que os fazem sentir valorizados como pessoas tiveram as médias mais altas no suporte
instrumental e emocional respectivamente. O apoio nas questões financeiras e para sentiremse
parte da família de alguém foi o suporte menos disponibilizado aos usuários. Conclui-se
que as variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde influenciaram na disponibilidade e satisfação
do suporte social e na adesão à TARV. Destaca-se a importância deste estudo para os
profissionais da saúde, na medida em que se reconhece o suporte social como mediador para a
manutenção e promoção da saúde, e as repercussões do convívio social como um fator capaz
de proteção à saúde e na qualidade de vida.
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