Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universidade de São Paulo, 1980. / Bibliography: p. 199-205.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Anthropology. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-122)

The transition from a hunter-gatherer way of life to sedentary food-producing societies was a pivotal shift in human prehistory, affecting social, political, economic and ideological structures. The Epipalaeolithic in the Levant precedes the "origins of agriculture" and is the key to understanding the beginnings of social and economic phenomena seen in the later periods. Excavations at the site `Uyun al-Hammâm, located in northern Jordan, has uncovered a large amount of lithic material, faunal remains, and several human burials suggesting this site was a place of importance on the Epipalaeolithic landscape. This thesis explores the lithic debitage from `Uyun al-Hammâm to determine the stages of reduction that are represented in the assemblage. Debitage analysis, in conjunction with other site data, contributes to a robust understanding of the site's unique function during the Epipalaeolithic.

No description available.

This thesis examines the Mid Upper Palaeolithic (MUP) of Russia (ca. 30,000-20,000 14C BP). During this time, as in the rest of Europe, the principal archaeological industry is known as the Gravettian. However, in Russia two other industries, the Streletskayan and the Gorodtsovian, are also known from the beginning of the MUP. Historically, there have been significant problems integrating the Russian MUP record with that from the rest of Europe. The research described in this thesis concentrates on backed lithic assemblages (including Gravette points, microgravettes, other backed points and backed bladelets) from five Russian Gravettian sites: Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4, Kostenki 9, Khotylevo 2 and Kostenki 21 Layer 3. These are studied from an explicitly Western European theoretical perspective, using standard techno-typological methods to construct typological groupings and describe the variation between and within sites. Alongside this, new radiocarbon dates from several sites Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4 and Borshchevo 5) were obtained. These radiocarbon dates are critically analysed alongside published dates and unpublished dates made available to this research. The results of the research constitute a new culture history for the Russian MUP. Each stage of the MUP is dated and described, and the uncertainties in our knowledge outlined. One new lithic index fossil is defined and two others are re-assessed. The Russian record is compared with the contemporary archaeological record elsewhere in Europe, in order to describe large-scale synchronic variation and changes through time in the homogeneity and regionalisation of material culture. The relationship between these dynamics and climate change are discussed.

This graduation thesis deals Survays the actual situation of the material condition for teaching physical education at the secondary schools of Prachatice district. The research was conducted in autumn 2010 and included a total number of six schools (five public schools and one private school). Privat school was excluded from the researche bacause it failured to provide information. The study used these methods: questionnaire method, method of direct observation and interview method. The results were processed to the table. The total results show that the four schools have satisfactory requirements for physical education and one school has inconvenient requirements for physical education (from five shools).

Atualmente as organizações buscam uma vantagem competitiva para atender melhor seus clientes, através da implementação de processos produtivos que possibilitem esta melhoria. Neste contexto, a produção enxuta vem ajudando as empresas brasileiras na busca deste diferencial através de melhoria de processos e produtos. Este trabalho visa mostrar como as empresas nacionais de máquinas e implementos agrícolas estão implementando este conceito, quais práticas estão sendo utilizadas e os resultados obtidos até o momento. Para isso foram pesquisados nove casos de aplicação em empresas do setor, oito no Estado de São Paulo e uma no Estado do Paraná. Foram feitas entrevistas estruturadas através do uso de um questionário projetado para este fim. O trabalho também apresenta uma análise crítica das implementações e faz sugestões para estudos futuros, de modo a auxiliar o setor e fortalecer a disseminação do conceito de produção enxuta. / Organizations are looking nowadays for a competitive advantage to better assist their customers’ needs through the implantation of more efficient productive processes. In this context, lean production concepts are helping brazilian companies to discover the differential through the processes and products improvement. This work shows how the agricultural machines and implements companies are implementing this concept, which practices that are being used and the results obtained until the moment. For that, nine cases were researched, at eight companies in the State of São Paulo and one in the State of Paraná, through the use of an especially designed questionnaire. The work also presents a critical analysis of the implantation and makes suggestions for future studies, in way to aid the sector and to fortify the dissemination of the lean production concepts.

Orientador: Antonio Jose da Silva Maciel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mello_ClaudiaAssad_M.pdf: 6358584 bytes, checksum: 89956ba6ce15129261ba8866d6865769 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral proporcionar o uso da tração animal, por meio de transferência tecnológica aos agricultores do Assentamento Rural Pirituba II, através de uma capacitação técnica para a fabricação de um Multi-Implemento buscando, desta forma, viabilizar neste assentamento a produção agrícola com a geração de trabalho e renda. Foram realizadas visitas à Cooperativa Regional e às propriedades, bem como reuniões com os agricultores. Procurou-se discutir com os mesmos, o sistema de tração animal e a implementação de uma fábrica para capacitação técnica. A construção deste trabalho foi baseada em alguns princípios da metodologia da pesquisa-ação, buscando a resolução de um problema coletivo com a participação dos agricultores. A metodologia para implementação do processo de fabricação dos multiimplementos de tração animal consistiu em proporcionar aos assentados um conjunto de materiais e recursos técnicos, incluindo equipamentos, materiais de construção, acessórios, gabaritos e um manual didático para a construção do multi-implemento, contendo todos os desenhos de construção. A capacitação técnica dos agricultores foi realizada no mês de agosto de 2007, com duração de 7 dias. Todas as etapas de fabricação do multi-implemento foram realizadas com êxito. Os agricultores fabricaram 3 multi-implementos de tração animal. Durante o curso de capacitação técnica, realizou-se uma avaliação de desempenho dos agricultores. Como resultado desta avaliação, obteve-se um desempenho excelente dos agricultores. Sendo assim, concluiu-se que os mesmos estão aptos a multiplicar esta tecnologia para este assentamento. Após a capacitação técnica, foram realizados testes de funcionabilidade com os multi-implementos. Verificou-se que a profundidade de trabalho do arado de aiveca e a do sulcador com extensão, estiveram muito próximas dos valores citados na literatura. Através da transferência tecnológica, foi proporcionado o uso da tração animal, pois após a capacitação técnica dos agricultores para a fabricação dos multi-implementos de tração animal, estes implementos estão sendo utilizados, neste assentamento, nas operações de preparo, plantio e cultivo / Abstract: The main objective of this work was to provide the use of the animal traction, by means of technological transference, to the agriculturists of the Assentamento Rural Pirituba II, through a qualification technique for the fabrication of a Multi-Implement, having the objective to make possible, in this settlement the agricultural production with the generation of jobs and income. Visits to the Regional Cooperative and the properties had been carried through, as well as meetings with the agriculturists. It was looked to argue with them the animal drawn system and the implementation of a workshop for the technique qualification technique. The construction of this work was based on some principles of the methodology of the research-action, having searched the resolution of a collective problem with the participation of the agriculturists. The methodology for implementation of the process of construction of the animal traction multi-implements consisted of providing to the agriculturists a set of materials and technician resources, including equipment, materials of construction, accessories, answer sheets and a didactic manual for the construction of multi-implement, possessing all the construction drawings. The technique qualification of the agriculturists was carried through in the month of August of 2007, with duration of 7 days. All the construction stages had been carried through with success. The agriculturists had constructed 3 animal drawn multi-implements. During the qualification course technique, an evaluation of the performance of the agriculturists was carried through. As result of this evaluation, an excellent performance of the agriculturists was gotten. Being thus, one concluded that the same ones are apt to multiply this technology for this settlement. After the technique qualification, tests of functionality had been carried through with the multi-implements. It was verified that depth of work of the moldboard plough and the furrow with extension had been very next to the values cited in literature. Through of technological transference, was provided the use of the animal traction, since after the technique qualification of the agriculturists for the construction of the animal traction multi-implements, these implements are using, in this settlement, in the operations of preparation, plantation and culture / Mestrado / Maquinas Agricolas / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

This study is designed to investigate patterns of lithic technological variability in relation to settlement strategies that were employed by late prehistoric inhabitants of central and southern regions of interior British Columbia. The research contributes to current archaeological method through an experimental program of stone tool manufacture, and also to current understanding of Interior Plateau prehistory, through a multiregiohal analysis of technological variability. The first stage of the study involves conducting a controlled experiment, to determine the degree to which lithic debitage can be used to predict stages of chipped stone tool manufacture, and to devise an efficient means of classifying debitage into general reduction stages. The experiment is unique in providing control over the precise sequential removal of flakes, and also in examining quantitative variability in debitage that have been produced as the by-products of the manufacture of several tools and cores. The result of the experimental program is the formulation of a debitage classification that classifies flakes into early, middle or late reduction stages, and also into bifacial and bipolar reduction types. The archaeological analyses in the second major stage of the research use the debitage reduction stage classification and the occurrence of various lithic tools to examine the nature of interassemblage variability across the 38 sites from four regions of the Interior Plateau. A total of 14,541 flakes, 164 cores and 861 tools from the Eagle Lake, Mouth of the Chilcotin, Lillooet and Hat Creek regions are analyzed, using multivariate and bivariate quantitative methods. Three hypotheses relevant to lithic technology and hunter- gatherer archaeology are evaluated in this stage of the study. The analyses first employ the experimental debitage classification to obtain interpretable patterns of inter-assemblage similarities and differences. Multivariate analysis shows that several kinds of sites defined on the basis of features can be grouped by their predominance of early/core reduction, middle/wide ranging reduction, and late/ maintenance reduction debitage. The first formal hypothesis tested is that obsidian and chert raw materials should evidence patterns of conservation and economizing behavior by virtue of their geological scarcity in relation to vitreous basalt raw material. A series of chi-square tests demonstrates that debitage frequencies by reduction stage are proportionately equal for these three raw materials in all but the Mouth of the Chilcotin region. In all regions, except Lillooet where tool sample sizes are too small for reliable testing, tool sizes and scar counts show no significant difference attributable to raw materials. A slight trend is noted for chert tools to be larger and simpler than vitreous basalt or obsidian tools. A set of bivariate graphs demonstrates that while lithic raw materials may be reduced in highly similar manners, one raw material may have served to replace another. The second hypothesis, that tool curation and maintenance strongly affects assemblage composition, is first tested by examining tool assemblage measures that have been suggested by recent lithic technological models. Assemblages are highly variable with respect to the numbers of tools left at sites in relation to the intensity of tool maintenance that occurred at sites. The third hypothesis tested is that a set of site occupation purposes can be reliably predicted on the basis of debitage reduction stages and a functional tool classification. Using multiple discriminant analysis, house-pit sites are accurately predicted at an 80% rate, and lithic scatters without features are accurately predicted at a rate of 60%. Lithic scatters with housepits achieve 86% correct classification; lithic scatters with cachepits are correctly classified at a rate of 75%; and lithic scatters with fire-cracked rock are accurately predicted 80% of the time. The results of this analysis are further strengthened by removing an ambiguous assemblage from consideration. The most significant findings of the multiregional analyses are those of definite tool cuiration patterns as evidenced in the raw material analysis, and the occupation span inferences of the tool maintenance analysis. Overall, it has been demonstrated that an experimentally obtained stage classification of debitage enables the derivation of behavioral inferences that could not be currently obtained by other means. In its multiregional perspective, this study has shown that processes of lithic assemblage formation are largely independent of regional provenience and more dependent on settlement purpose. Overall, the greatest determinant of assemblage variability is inferred to be site occupation span. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate