Nesta pesquisa foram estudadas as improvisações musicais livres de uma perspectiva anarquista, i.e., interessada em anarquizar as múltiplas relações a elas associadas. Discute-se isto tendo em vista questões influenciadas metodologicamente por Michel Foucault. Uma delas diz respeito a maneira pela qual se dão as performances, para a qual importa tratar das relações do improvisador consigo mesmo, com os demais performers e de como ambas incidem no fluxo (o desdobramento temporal da performance). Nesta questão se lida sobretudo com as pesquisas de Manuel Falleiros e Rogério Costa. Outra questão concerne ao lugar (o espaço físico, geograficamente \"localizável\") em que tais práticas são realizadas, indicando também a importância das relações que circundam as performances. Para esta são trazidas considerações de Costa, Chefa Alonso e David Bell, bem como a noção de heterotopia, cunhada por Foucault e associada aos anarquismos por Edson Passetti; e ainda, minhas considerações relacionadas ao período em que assisti aos ensaios da Orquestra Errante (OE) - grupo de improvisação livre da USP, coordenado pelo orientador desta pesquisa. Uma última questão concerne à dissolução dos improvisadores, tendo em vista, por questão de recorte, sobretudo suas relações consigo mesmo (em sentidos múltiplos). Para esta, refere-se também a OE e faz-se uso do filósofo Max Stirner. Importa ainda ao trabalho opor as invenções, com seus percursos e transitoriedades, à criação, aspirante à perfeição e ao acabado. / In this research was studied the free musical improvisations from an anarchist perspective, i.e., interested in anarchize the multiple relations associated to it. This is discussed by looking to questions methodologically influenced by Michel Foucault. One of them concerns to the way in which the performances are given, for which it is important the relations of the improviser with himself, with the other performers e how them both converge in the flow (the temporary unfolding of the performance). In this question it is dealt mostly with the researches of Manuel Falleiros and Rogério Costa. Other question concerns to the place (the physical space, geographically \"localizable\") in which those practices are realized, also evidencing the importance of the relations that go around the performances. For this are brought considerations from Costa, Chefa Alonso and David Bell, as well as the notion of heterotopia, coined by Foucault and associated to the anarchisms by Edson Passetti; and also my considerations related to the period in which I watched the rehearsals of Orquestra Errante (OE) - free improvisation group from USP, coordinated by the advisor of the present research. One last question concerns to the dissolution of the improviser by looking, for a clipping reason, mostly to its relations with himself (in multiple senses). For this, it is referred also to OE and it is made an use of the philosopher Max Stirner. It is also important to this work to oppose the inventions, with its courses and transitority, to the creation, that aspires to perfection and the finished.

Esta pesquisa propõe reflexões acerca da importância dos espaços para a criação na educação musical. Focalizando as práticas de improvisação no ambiente do jogo, foram investigadas as contribuições das experiências de improvisação em jogos cênico-musicais para a formação integral das crianças. O pensamento pedagógico-musical de Hans-Joachim Koellreutter e os jogos desenvolvidos pelo educador nortearam este estudo, assim como as ideias desenvolvidas pela educadora Teca Alencar de Brito. Através de uma pesquisa-ação, uma Oficina de Música voltada a crianças entre sete e dez anos foi instaurada. Esta Oficina perdurou dois meses e foi realizada na Escola de Aplicação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo (EAFEUSP), atendendo os alunos desta instituição. Visando a perspectiva das crianças a respeito das contribuições dos jogos de improvisação, a coleta de dados articulou diferentes procedimentos: (1) registros audiovisuais; (2) entrevistas semiestruturadas com as crianças; (3) protocolos confeccionados pelos alunos. Considerando a abordagem qualitativa da pesquisa, que possibilita mudanças no decorrer do processo, acrescentou-se às técnicas de coleta de dados uma entrevista semiestruturada com a professora de música da EAFEUSP (professora que acompanhou a prática da pesquisa-ação). Na análise dos dados, apontamentos gerais e específicos foram apresentados, relacionando as opiniões das crianças e da professora de música com as ideias de autores abarcados na pesquisa. Os resultados indicam que as práticas de improvisação, no contexto do jogo cênico-musical, propiciam o desenvolvimento de capacidades musicais e humanas, permitindo pensar acerca da educação musical como meio para a formação integral da criança / The purpose of this research is to reflect about the value of spaces for creation in Music Education. Focusing the improvisation practices inside the game environment, the scenic-musical games improvisation experiences contributions to an integral formation of children were investigated. Hans-Joachim Koellreutter\'s pedagogic-musical thoughts and his games guided this study, as well as the ideas developed by Teca Alencar de Brito. Proposed as an action-research, was offered a Music Workshop to children from seven to ten years old from Application School at USP, occurring weekly between April and June of 2014. Aiming the children own perspective about the improvisation games contributions, the data collection techniques used were: (1) video record; (2) semi-structured interviews with the children; (3) protocols - made by the children. Considering the research qualitative approach, that permits changes in the course of the research process, a semi-structured interview with the school teacher (that accompanied the practice) was added to the data collection. General and specific appointments were presented in the data analysis, relating the opinions of the students and the music teacher with the authors ideas embraced in the research. The results indicate that the improvisation practices, in the scenic-musical game context, provide the development of both musical and human capacities, allowing to think Music Education as a way to children integral formation.

Planejamento, controle, coordenação, padronização foram e continuam sendo importantes para a efetividade das práticas no ambiente organizacional. Entretanto, novas lentes de análise são necessárias para contribuir na compreensão da atuação dos indivíduos nas organizações, e uma destas novas propostas, apresentada neste trabalho, consiste na improvisação e sua articulação com a aprendizagem. A complexidade do mundo contemporâneo do trabalho muitas vezes exige a capacidade de o sujeito atuar na resolução de problemas emergenciais. Mesmo organizações com alta tecnologia, planejamento e padronização, em determinadas ocasiões podem precisar improvisar. O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever e compreender os processos de improvisação e possíveis articulações com a aprendizagem em cervejarias artesanais do Brasil e Alemanha. A abordagem é qualitativa, com base em um estudo multicaso realizado em dez cervejarias artesanais brasileiras e alemãs, nas quais coletou-se dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta, análise de documentos. A pesquisa delimitou-se a partir de dois eixos norteadores: improvisação e teoria da aprendizagem situada. Entendese o conceito de improviso como a ação que ocorre de forma extemporânea, sem espaço para planejamento. A improvisação não ocorre sem uma base de conhecimentos prévios, pois há a necessidade de considerar a influência direta das normas, contexto, forma de participação e experiência sobre o tema do improviso. Concluiu-se que na sua articulação com a improvisação, a aprendizagem pode ocorrer: a) antes do improviso – já que o indivíduo ou grupo baseiam-se nas estruturas mínimas, nos conhecimentos previamente adquiridos, normas, regras, experiências; esta base de conhecimentos molda o improviso a ser realizado; b) durante o improviso – como uma forma de aprendizagem em tempo real, são criados novos caminhos, formas e estruturas; existe a procura por novos conhecimentos para resolver o problema dentro de um período curto; experiências, ações e mudanças convergem no tempo; c) após o improviso – permanência na memória; possibilidade de reflexão sobre erros e acertos na improvisação, busca de outras soluções possíveis. / Elements such as planning, control, coordination, standardization, were and are important for effectiveness in the organizational environment. New perspectives are necessary to contribute to understand the performance of individuals in organizations, and one of these new proposals, presented here, is the improvisation and its relationship with learning. The complexity of the contemporary world often requires the ability of the people to act solve critical and urgent problems. Even organizations with high technology, planning and standardization, on some occasions may need to improvise. This study aims to describe and understand the processes of improvisation and the possible links with learning in craft breweries located in Brazil and Germany. The approach is qualitative, based on a multicase study conducted in ten craft breweries in Brazil and Germany. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observation, document analysis. The research was delimited from these two themes: situated learning and improvisation. It is argued in this research that improvisation requires some structure and prior knowledge, because there is a need to consider the influence of norms, context, forms of participation and experience in the field of improvisation. It was concluded that in its articulation with improvisation, learning can occur: a) before the improvisation - as based on the minimum structures, the previously acquired knowledge, norms, rules, experiences, and this base of knowledge shapes the improvisation; b) during the improvisation - as a form of real-time learning, people created: new ways, shapes and structures; there is a search for new knowledge to solve the problem within a short time; experiences, actions and changes converge in time; c) after the improvisation – the performance stay in memory; reflection on mistakes and successes in improvisation; search for other possible solutions.

This thesis explores ways of adopting elements of Calabrian folk music in compositions of contemporary music beyond the mere adoption of melodies and instruments. Through this work, I aim to create a practice for contemporary improvisation and composition that is deeply imbued with elements derived from the music theory, the sonic environment and the performance practices of Calabria. The work described in this dissertation consists of two components: ethnomusicological research and a practice-based enquiry. This research focuses mainly on three aspects of Calabrian folk music: generative principles, the tuning system and processes of bagpipes, and soundscapes created by animal bells. These aspects guided both the ethnomusicological enquiry and the creative exploration. They are first described and analysed in their original context: folk music was studied in the field, amid and within the tradition bearers; research was conducted from a cultural and musicological perspective within the methodological and ethical framework of ethnomusicology. The data emerging from the ethnomusicological investigations informed the creative enquiry carried out through practice-led research. The outcomes of my investigation into Calabrian music became the core principles of my compositions of contemporary music. Generative principles were explored from the perspectives of both composition and improvisation They informed primarily a series of pieces for saxophone solo and a composition for chamber ensemble. The tuning system and processes of Calabrian bagpipes were investigated in compositions centred on pitch and extended harmonic spaces. They informed two compositions for string quartet and a piece for saxophone quartet. Soundscapes informed the composition of a piece of spatial music for goat bells that adopts indeterminacy methods for structuring the performance. The creative work, attached to this thesis as a portfolio of compositions, is analysed through self-reflective methods and in relation to the work of other contemporary music practitioners. My enquiry of the folk sources contributes to the field of ethnomusicology with new insight into Calabrian music. The creative processes and the techniques developed throughout this research also have implications for the broader field of contemporary music, as they offer a perspective on new ways of engaging creatively with folk materials.

I detta arbete undersöker jag den berättande kvalité jag finner inom vissa improviserade jazzsolon. Denna kvalité har varit intressant att undersöka för att få utökade kunskaper inom improvisationskonsten och att hitta pedagogiska redskap för att undervisning i improvisation inte ska fastna i instrumentteknisk färdighet och harmonisk medvetenhet. Arbetet tar upp teorier om narrativ ur ett litteraturvetenskapligt perspektiv men tar också upp idéer om narrativ i musikalisk kontext. För att undersöka berättande improvisation har jag analyserat två jazzsolon där jag upplever denna kvalité, genomfört en intervju, spelat in egna improvisationer med en ensemble innan och efter jag praktiskt undersökt berättande improvisation. Inspelningarna har sedan spelats upp och diskuterats med en fokusgrupp. Resultatet visar på tydliga kopplingar mellan teorier om narrativ och berättande improvisation men att vägarna dit är många och att det är svårt att peka på objektiva företeelser som skapar detta.

A pesquisa aqui desenvolvida tem como foco de trabalho a improvisação no contexto do ator performativo, abrangendo sua trajetória desde a criação até a recepção. A fim de explorar esse universo, foi desenhado um percurso baseado na pessoalidade de quem escreve: uma atriz que vive a realidade de ser também uma criadora, e se confronta com questões de ordem prática nessa relação. Portanto, essa pesquisa percorre um caminho em espiral, onde a prática estimula a teorização, e vice-versa. O pensamento desenvolvido discorre sobre o ator performativo, pois falamos de criação no contexto da performatividade, principalmente sob o ponto de vista de Josette Féral. As fontes utilizadas a fim de contextualizar a pesquisa são sempre voltadas à figura do ator, e pensadas através dele. Portanto, todo o material coletado foi horizontalizado nesse sentido, para que fosse possível fazer um recorte diante de tantos conceitos que tentam esmiuçar a realidade do teatro contemporâneo e seus procedimentos criativos. O processo de criação do ator se dá, aqui, pelo viés da recepção. Ao pensar no ator performativo, vislumbra-se então a possibilidade de, de forma subjetiva, introjetar as duas figuras criador e receptor - no mesmo ser, criando assim um ator que contém dentro de si a figura do receptor, que o impele a criar e a refletir sobre sua criação simultaneamente. Esse estado de criação questiona o ator segundo a certa vivacidade necessária ao teatro e uma conscientização diante do seu trabalho e dos seus percursos criativos. Como base da improvisação enquanto ferramenta de criação nesse contexto, a teoria utilizada como parâmetro é a dos viewpoints, desenvolvida por Anne Bogart e Tina Landau, que tem conexão imediata com a pesquisa, já que parte de princípios concretos de variação de determinada estrutura cênica, visando à organicidade dos movimentos e a concentração do criador em algo palpável, físico e dinâmico. Ao trabalho teórico, se mistura uma pesquisa minuciosa em cima dos cadernos de anotações de quatro anos de ensaios com um núcleo estável da Cia. de Teatro em Quadrinhos, dirigida por Beth Lopes, fonte primária das indagações aqui propostas. Essas anotações aparecem inseridas no trabalho como fontes ou fins de muitas questões, e conectam novamente a teoria a uma prática, já que se fala em criação do ator o tempo todo. No sentido de exemplificar mais uma vez essa relação prático-teórica, concluise com uma reflexão acerca da montagem de um espetáculo desse período, (a)tentados (originalmente Attempts on her life, de Martin Crimp), destacando suas congruências com as teorias e questionamentos desenvolvidos ao longo de toda a pesquisa. / The research that is developed here is focused on improvisation in the context of the performative actor, covering its history from creation to reception. In order to explore this universe, it designed a course based on the personality of this writer: an actress who lives the reality of being also a creator, and is confronted with the practical issues in this relationship. Therefore, this research goes a spiral path, where the practice encourages theorizing, and also the reverse. The thought developed discusses the \"performative actor\", because we speak of creation in the context of performativity, particularly from the perspective of Josette Feral. The sources, used in order to contextualize the study, are always focused on the figure of the actor, and they are thought through that figure. Therefore, all the collected material has been horizontalized accordingly to this, so we could make an indentation of so many concepts that attempt to scrutinize the reality of contemporary theater and its creative procedures. The creative process of the actor is given, here, through the reception. When thinking about the performative actor, it is foreseeable then the possibility of, in a subjective way, to introjetct the two figures - the creator and receiver in a the same being, thus creating an actor that contains within itself the figure of the receiver, which drives him to create and to reflect on their creation simultaneously. This \"state\" of creation asks to the actor about certain necessary \"liveliness\" to the theater and also about an awareness of its work and its creative paths. Improvisation is a tool for creating this context, and the theory used is the viewpoints one, developed by Anne Bogart and Tina Landau, who have immediate connection with this research, as soon they part of concrete principles of variation of certain scenic structure, aiming at an organic movement and a concentration of the creator into something tangible, physical and dynamic. In theoretical work, it is blended a detailed research over some notebooks describing four years of rehearsals with a stable core of artists, the Cia. de Teatro em Quadrinhos, directed by Beth Lopes, primary source of the questions proposed here. These notes are included in the work as sources or purposes of many issues, and they connect again the theory to practice, since they come up to creation of the actor all the time. In order to illustrate once again that practical-theoretical relation, this research concludes with a discussion about the creation of a play in that period, (a)tentados (originally Attempts on her Life, by Martin Crimp), highlighting its consistencies with the theories and questions developed throughout the research.

The original focus of this research paper was to ask the question, “Why are there so few versatile trombonists?” The research suggested that there were curriculum problems in higher education associated with the general lack of performance versatility amongst trombonists. In 2014 the Task Force for the Undergraduate Music Major (TFUMM) determined that the undergraduate curriculum was lacking improvisation and creativity. One of the core musical skills that is essential in improvising is audiation. After determining that audiation is one of the keys to performance versatility, I researched jazz pedagogy and how this area of higher education includes and utilizes audiation and improvisation in curriculum. I concluded that traditional conservatory-style pedagogy is lacking improvisation and audiation in its curriculum because of the bias towards the European music tradition and the institutional treatment of jazz as a legitimate art form that is not equal to the European music tradition.To address the issue of performance versatility amongst trombonists, I created the “Modern Trombonist Curriculum” in 2016. This was my first attempt to address undergraduate curriculum by exposing students to a three-studio model, literature versatility, and utilizing audiation as the foundation of their learning. I sent out this curriculum to ten educators and performers for critique and to provide their thoughts on the current landscape of performance versatility, audiation, and my curriculum. After the interviews and the insight of my dissertation committee, I created a new curriculum titled “The Versatile Trombonist” to address the constraints of time, colleague involvement, student engagement, mental health, fiscal concerns, and other issues that I did not originally consider. Although I plan to continually modify and adjust this curriculum, this current version can be used as a benchmark for future educators that desire to include audiation and performance versatility in their current or future trombone studios.

Research in extracurricular activities and arts education demonstrate how experiences in those areas contribute to the well-being and ongoing development of students in higher education. Although practiced and performed across the United States, theatrical improvisation, as an art form or extracurricular activity, lacks investigation within the context of higher education. Without an understanding from the student perspective, higher educational stakeholders miss an opportunity to incorporate experiences that address the institutions' mission and learning goals or worse, inadvertently produce student disenfranchisement. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe the experience of improvisational acting training, practice, and performance of 7 college students who participated in an improvisation group. Huizinga and Caillois's theories of play and Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow served as the conceptual framework for the study. Data collection occurred at a community college in the mid-Atlantic region through 2 interviews with each participant and 1 focus group until reaching saturation of data. Data were analyzed through iterative coding of significant statements through which themes emerged. Themes included attraction to the activity, practice of the craft, applications of skills to life, and a continuance of improvisation in the participants' lives and at college. The findings lend credibility to other research supporting arts and extracurricular activities and provide educational stakeholders with insights from students on what they value in their educational experience. Positive social change can come from providing students with an education that includes fun, creativity, and socialization for a successful future.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 350-359). / xi, 359 leaves : music ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Investigates the influence of Coltrane's music on the improvising of post-Coltrane saxophonists by inspecting selected improvisations of Jerry Bergonzi and David Liebman and comparing them to improvisations by Coltrane on the same repertoire piece. The comparision also demonstrates how two current jazz saxophonists have drawn on the past - the legacy of Coltrane - to create innovative music in the present. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Elder Conservatorium, 2001

The Art of Presence: Contemplation, Communing and Creativity reflects on the making of a dance theatre work called Song of Longing presented at Victorian College of the Arts in 2008. Song of Longing was made in collaboration with the cast, who participated in a process centred on improvisation. The resulting performance was a synergy of dance and unaccompanied singing. / The thesis is an investigation of the choreographer's ongoing exploration of movement, singing and improvisation, informed by Buddhist philosophy. Both the writing and the performance mirror an embodied practice - making tangible themes and concepts that have emerged into consciousness. / Central interests include the ‘life-world’ of the artist and its influence on the creative process, the concepts of spirituality, spirit and ‘flow’, the experiential focus of the inquiry, improvisation as presence and the value of art as healing and therapy. / While the perspective of the writing is drawn from the subjectivity of the practitioner, the aim of the work is to draw on the broader fields of research in these areas and to connect with the creative practices of other artists. To this end, a conventional survey of the literature has been augmented by writings and teachings on Buddhism and other spiritual practices, documentaries and visual art. Interviews with artists in Australia and India and thoughts from the performers of Song of Longing are also included.