Base teórica: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é a segunda enfermidade neurodegenerativa mais frequente, crescendo proporcionalmente com o aumento da idade. É uma doença de comprometimento motor e não motor. Levodopa e agonistas dopaminérgicos (AD) são usados no tratamento da DP, permitindo um controle ótimo dos sintomas nos primeiros anos. Entretanto, em 5 anos, metade dos pacientes terão complicações motoras e nãomotoras induzidas pelo uso de antiparkinsonianos. Manifestações neuropsiquiátricas são frequentes, entre elas depressão, ansiedade, prejuízos cognitivos, sintomas psicóticos e transtorno de descontrole dos impulsos(DI). O DI é uma condição caracterizada pela falência em resistir a impulsos ou tentação de executar atos. O DI está associado ao uso de antiparkinsonianos, em especial, os agonistas dopaminérgicos A identificação desta condição é primordial para seu tratamento e estudo adequados. Na literatura atual, o questionário padrão-ouro foi validado na língua inglesa (QUIP), não existindo uma validação para língua portuguesa. Objetivo: Traduzir e validar o questionário QUIP-CS, em sua versão curta e aplicável no momento presente da DP, para lingua Portuguesa do Brasil Métodos: A versão curta da QUIP (QUIP-CS) foi traduzida para o Português por tradutor juramentado. Após, esta foi avaliada por 5 especialistas em DP no Brasil, sendo sugeridas pequenas correções. A versão corrigida em português foi retrotraduzida para o inglês por 2 tradutores juramentados nativos na língua original da escala (inglês), que compararam suas versões posteriormente, chegando-se a uma nova versão final neste idioma. Esta foi enviada ao autor da escala original, que concordou com esta versão, ou seja, foram mantidas as propriedades semânticas do instrumento. Após, a versão final em Português foi auto-aplicada em 65 indivíduos com diagnóstico de DP em tratamento no ambulatório especializado no HCPA, sendo que, de forma aleatória, para 30 foi aplicado um questionário de avaliação sobre o grau de dificuldade de compreensão de suas perguntas. Resultados: Em uma escala de 1 a 5 pontos, onde 1 era nenhuma compreensão das perguntas e 5, clara compreensão, a média de entendimento pelos pacientes foi de 4,06 +/- 0,69 DP. Conclusão: A avaliação desta versão foi considerada de fácil compreensão pelos próprios pacientes. O artigo para validação da tradução do conteúdo da versão em Português da QUIP-CS está em fase de revisão para publicação. / Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most often neurodegenerative disease and proportionally growing with people aging. PD is a disease with motor and nonmotor clinical features. Levodopa and dopaminergic agonists (DA) are used for PD treatment, allowing an exquisite control of the motor symptoms during the first years. However, in five years, half patients will present motor or non-motor complications induced by cronic use of these medications. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are often, for example, depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, psychotic symptoms and impulse control disorders (ICD). The ICD is characterized by failure on resisting an impulse or on performing an specific act. Identification of the PD affected patients is crucial for proper management and study of this condition. There is an already validated self-reported questionnaire for this purpose, the Parkinson's Disease Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders Questionnaire (QUIP), without equivalent in portuguese language. Objective: To translate and to validate the Portuguese short version of the gold-standard questionnaire for identifying ICDs PD affected patients, applicable at the current moment of PD Methods: QUIP-CS was first translated to Portuguese by a professional translator. This translated version was shown to 5 PD neurologist specialists. in Brazil, being suggested minor modifications on it. This new Portuguese revised version was back translated to English by two independent native English speakers. They were both asked to compare the version one another and checked for differences. Then, they contacted each other and got a final back translated version. This one was sent for the original author, that approved its new version comparing to his original and validated one, with no loss of it’s original properties. The Portuguese corrected version was applied to 65 patients in a random way at PD’s ambulatory at HCPA. From these, 30 were asked to answer a number that would represent their level of QUIP-CS questions’ comprehension. Results: In a 1 to 5 point scale, being 1 no comprehension and 5, total comprehension, the average was 4,06 +/- 0,69 DP. Conclusion: Our results on Portuguese version of QUIP-CS show that QUIP-CS translated and corrected version was easily understood and easily self-applied. The article is under revision to be submitted for publication.

<p>Today there are many students with behavioral and developmental disorders in schools. One of these disorders is ADHD. The medical designation ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. I have chosen to research how two students with ADHD can be included in a fifth grade classroom.</p><p>This research paper addresses the issues surrounding the student’s day-to-day life with a focus on the classroom. It also discusses pedagogical methods, resources, and support, as well as social relationships, and routines in relation to the students in question. In order to develop a more complete understanding of the two students and their situation, I have chosen to do a qualitative study where I’ve observed the students in their classroom for four days, and interviewed the adults that interact with the students the most on a day to day basis. The interviewees include the students’ classroom teacher, their assistant teacher, as well as the students’ mothers.</p><p>I begin the paper by describing ADHD, as well as the potential causes and treatments. I also present the two predominant opinions regarding the source of ADHD that exist in Sweden today. The first is a biological perspective, which states that ADHD is passed on genetically, and the second is a sociological perspective, which states that ADHD is acquired through exposure to a range of social and environmental factors. However, I have based my research on the biological perspective because it is currently the most widely accepted, and because the biological model of explanation is the model most of the current literature is based on.</p><p>As a result of my research, I have concluded that students with ADHD can have a wide range of different symptoms despite having the same diagnosis. Hellström states that teachers should be aware that all students with ADHD are unique individuals, and it is therefore difficult to prescribe a general set of guidelines to follow when working with such students. One must take each individual’s needs into consideration and decide which methods and solutions work best for each particular individual (Hellström 2007, s. 1). Hellström’s statement is consistent with the conclusions I came to after conducting my research. The classroom teacher saw the students as very different individuals and adapted their education according to their very different needs despite the fact that they have the same diagnosis.</p>

Today there are many students with behavioral and developmental disorders in schools. One of these disorders is ADHD. The medical designation ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. I have chosen to research how two students with ADHD can be included in a fifth grade classroom. This research paper addresses the issues surrounding the student’s day-to-day life with a focus on the classroom. It also discusses pedagogical methods, resources, and support, as well as social relationships, and routines in relation to the students in question. In order to develop a more complete understanding of the two students and their situation, I have chosen to do a qualitative study where I’ve observed the students in their classroom for four days, and interviewed the adults that interact with the students the most on a day to day basis. The interviewees include the students’ classroom teacher, their assistant teacher, as well as the students’ mothers. I begin the paper by describing ADHD, as well as the potential causes and treatments. I also present the two predominant opinions regarding the source of ADHD that exist in Sweden today. The first is a biological perspective, which states that ADHD is passed on genetically, and the second is a sociological perspective, which states that ADHD is acquired through exposure to a range of social and environmental factors. However, I have based my research on the biological perspective because it is currently the most widely accepted, and because the biological model of explanation is the model most of the current literature is based on. As a result of my research, I have concluded that students with ADHD can have a wide range of different symptoms despite having the same diagnosis. Hellström states that teachers should be aware that all students with ADHD are unique individuals, and it is therefore difficult to prescribe a general set of guidelines to follow when working with such students. One must take each individual’s needs into consideration and decide which methods and solutions work best for each particular individual (Hellström 2007, s. 1). Hellström’s statement is consistent with the conclusions I came to after conducting my research. The classroom teacher saw the students as very different individuals and adapted their education according to their very different needs despite the fact that they have the same diagnosis.

This dissertation consists of three independent sections: In the first part, focusing on the auto industry we look at the challenges and solution strategies of employing build-to-order (BTO) with global supply. We consider some familiar tools for managing domestic supply and exploit them for managing international supply, and propose new methods. We study frequency of supply as a way to improve performance. We study the impact of forecast accuracy, and conclude that improvements there alone may not be sufficient to obtain desired savings. Within this perspective we look at a new shipping policy, 'Ship-to-Average", which prescribes sending a fixed quantity, based on the long term average forecast, with each shipment and making adjustments only if the inventory strays outside a prescribed range. In the second part we look at a Brownian control problem. When a manufacturer places repeated orders with a supplier to meet changing production requirements, he faces the challenge of finding the right balance between holding costs and the operational costs involved in adjusting the shipment sizes. Consider a storage system whose content fluctuates as a Brownian motion in the absence of control. A linear holding cost is incurred continuously. Inventory level can be adjusted by any quantity at a fixed plus proportional cost. We show control band policies are optimal for the average cost problem and calculate the optimal policy parameters. This form of policy is described by three parameters q, Q, S. When the inventory falls to 0 (rises to S), the controller expedites (curtails) shipments to return it to q (Q). Developing techniques based on Lagrangian relaxation we show that this type of policy is optimal even with constraints on the size of adjustments and on the maximum inventory level. The Brownian Control problem can be viewed as an idealization --without delivery delays, of the problem of supplying BTO operations, and provides some theoretical explanation for the Ship-to-Average policies. In fact, Ship-to-Average policies are a practical implementation of Control Band policies in the setting with delivery delays. Finally, we explore the power and applicability of the Lagrangian approach developed in the second part.

Juvenile delinquency is a widely known problem and some adolescents are constantly engaging in delinquency. The present study examined two types of broader risky personality factors, termed “Inflated Ego” and “Low Impulse Control”, and how the two factors were related to delinquency and antisocial behaviors for adolescent boys and girls. The data was drawn from a large community sample of youths in 8th and 9th grade. The results showed that for both boys and girls, the two factors were similarly related to an antisocial lifestyle and delinquency. However, a low impulse control was the critical risk factor for persistence in delinquency. In conclusion, there is not only one single personality factor behind adolescents’ delinquency, but low impulse control seems to be the most essential predictor. / Ungdomskriminalitet är ett utbrett problem och vissa ungdomar är konstant inblandade i kriminella aktiviteter. Denna studie undersökte två typer av bredare personlighetsfaktorer förknippade med risker, benämnda ”Uppblåst Ego” och ”Låg Impulskontroll”, samt hur dessa var relaterade till kriminalitet och antisociala beteenden för pojkar och flickor. De data som använts kommer från ett stort sampel av ungdomar i åttonde och nionde klass i Örebro. Resultaten visade att de två faktorerna var relaterade på liknande sätt för både pojkar och flickor till en antisocial livsstil och brottslighet. Dock visade sig låg impulskontroll vara den övervägande riskfaktorn för en fortsatt kriminell bana. Sammanfattningsvis finns det inte bara en enda förklarande personlighetsfaktor bakom ungdomars brottslighet.

Hintergrund: Systematische Darstellungen zur Diagnostik und Verhaltenstherapie von sexuellen Gewalttätern mit psychischen Störungen fehlen im deutschen Sprachraum fast völlig. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden deshalb für diese kleine, aber besonders gefährliche Tätergruppe die auf der Basis des DSM IV hauptsächlich relevanten Diagnosen (Paraphilie und Störung der Impulskontrolle) und für diese Störungen geeignete Behandlungsmethoden vorgestellt. Methoden: Merkmale, die Paraphile und Impulskontrollgestörte im Hinblick auf Lerngeschichte, sexuelle Präferenz und tatauslösende Bedingungen differenzieren, werden dabei hervorgehoben. Weiterhin wird eine erste Validierungsstudie vorgestellt, in der untersucht wurde, inwieweit sich beide Störungsgruppen hinsichtlich Impulsivität, sozialer Angst, Konfliktvermeidung und dysfunktionaler Selbstaufmerksamkeit unterscheiden. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die vorgeschlagene Kategorisierung valide ist und dass sich Paraphile und Impulskontrollgestörte psychologisch bedeutsam voneinander differenzieren lassen. Schlussfolgerungen: Auf dieser Basis lassen sich Aussagen über störungsspezifisch relevante Behandlungselemente ableiten. Unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen bei Paraphilen bzw. Impulskontrollgestörten werden für folgende Bereiche skizziert: Aufbau einer therapeutischen Beziehung, Änderung der sexuellen Präferenzen, Training sozialer Fertigkeiten und der Konfliktbewältigung, Modifikation dysfunktionaler Kognitionen und Rückfallprävention. / Background: Systematic work regarding the diagnostics and behavior therapy of violent sex offenders with mental disorders is mostly lacking in German publications. Therefore, this study presents the diagnoses which are mainly relevant for this small but particularly dangerous group of offenders on the basis of DSM IV (paraphilia and impulse control disorders) and describes specifically indicated interventions. Methods: Characteristic features are emphasized which differentiate paraphiliacs and offenders with an impulse control disorder with regard to learning history, sexual preferences, and the stimulus conditions which triggered the offense. Further, a validation study is presented which examined the differences between both disorders concerning impulsivity, social anxiety, avoidance of interpersonal conflicts, and dysfunctional self-consciousness. Results: Results showed that the proposed categorization is valid and that paraphiliacs and offenders with an impulse control disorder can be psychologically useful differentiated. Conclusions: In this framework, first conclusions can be drawn regarding the treatment elements which are considered to be relevant for disorder-specific therapy. Different procedures for the treatment of paraphiliacs and offenders with an impulse control disorder are described for the following areas: establishment of a therapeutic relationship, modification of sexual preferences, training of social and coping skills, conflict management, modification of cognitive distortions, and relapse prevention. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

The main function of the power grid is to transfer electric energy from generating facilities to consumers. To have a reliable and economical supply of electricity, large amounts of electric energy often have to be transferred over long distances. The transmission system has a limited capacity to transfer electric power, called the transfer capacity. Severe system failures may follow if the transfer capacity is reached during operation. Due to uncertainties, such as the random failure of system components, the transfer capacity for the near future is not readily determinable. Also, due to market principles, and reaction times and ramp rates of production facilities, power flow control is not fully flexible. Therefore, a transfer limit, which is below the transfer capacity, is decided and preventative actions are taken when the transfer reaches this limit. In this thesis an approach to deciding an optimal strategy for power flow control through activation of regulating bids on the regulating power market is outlined. This approach leads to an optimal definition of transfer limits as the boundary between the domain where no bid should be activated and the domains where bids should be activated. The approach is based on weighing the expected cost from system failures against the production cost. This leads to a stochastic impulse control problem for a Markov process in continuous time. The proposed method is a novel approach to decide transfer limits in power system operation. The method is tested in a case study on the IEEE 39 bus system, that shows promising results. In addition to deciding optimal transfer limits, it is also investigated how the transfer capacity can be enhanced by controlling components in the power system to increase stability. / QC 20111010

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Psychology. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Base teórica: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é a segunda enfermidade neurodegenerativa mais frequente, crescendo proporcionalmente com o aumento da idade. É uma doença de comprometimento motor e não motor. Levodopa e agonistas dopaminérgicos (AD) são usados no tratamento da DP, permitindo um controle ótimo dos sintomas nos primeiros anos. Entretanto, em 5 anos, metade dos pacientes terão complicações motoras e nãomotoras induzidas pelo uso de antiparkinsonianos. Manifestações neuropsiquiátricas são frequentes, entre elas depressão, ansiedade, prejuízos cognitivos, sintomas psicóticos e transtorno de descontrole dos impulsos(DI). O DI é uma condição caracterizada pela falência em resistir a impulsos ou tentação de executar atos. O DI está associado ao uso de antiparkinsonianos, em especial, os agonistas dopaminérgicos A identificação desta condição é primordial para seu tratamento e estudo adequados. Na literatura atual, o questionário padrão-ouro foi validado na língua inglesa (QUIP), não existindo uma validação para língua portuguesa. Objetivo: Traduzir e validar o questionário QUIP-CS, em sua versão curta e aplicável no momento presente da DP, para lingua Portuguesa do Brasil Métodos: A versão curta da QUIP (QUIP-CS) foi traduzida para o Português por tradutor juramentado. Após, esta foi avaliada por 5 especialistas em DP no Brasil, sendo sugeridas pequenas correções. A versão corrigida em português foi retrotraduzida para o inglês por 2 tradutores juramentados nativos na língua original da escala (inglês), que compararam suas versões posteriormente, chegando-se a uma nova versão final neste idioma. Esta foi enviada ao autor da escala original, que concordou com esta versão, ou seja, foram mantidas as propriedades semânticas do instrumento. Após, a versão final em Português foi auto-aplicada em 65 indivíduos com diagnóstico de DP em tratamento no ambulatório especializado no HCPA, sendo que, de forma aleatória, para 30 foi aplicado um questionário de avaliação sobre o grau de dificuldade de compreensão de suas perguntas. Resultados: Em uma escala de 1 a 5 pontos, onde 1 era nenhuma compreensão das perguntas e 5, clara compreensão, a média de entendimento pelos pacientes foi de 4,06 +/- 0,69 DP. Conclusão: A avaliação desta versão foi considerada de fácil compreensão pelos próprios pacientes. O artigo para validação da tradução do conteúdo da versão em Português da QUIP-CS está em fase de revisão para publicação. / Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most often neurodegenerative disease and proportionally growing with people aging. PD is a disease with motor and nonmotor clinical features. Levodopa and dopaminergic agonists (DA) are used for PD treatment, allowing an exquisite control of the motor symptoms during the first years. However, in five years, half patients will present motor or non-motor complications induced by cronic use of these medications. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are often, for example, depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, psychotic symptoms and impulse control disorders (ICD). The ICD is characterized by failure on resisting an impulse or on performing an specific act. Identification of the PD affected patients is crucial for proper management and study of this condition. There is an already validated self-reported questionnaire for this purpose, the Parkinson's Disease Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders Questionnaire (QUIP), without equivalent in portuguese language. Objective: To translate and to validate the Portuguese short version of the gold-standard questionnaire for identifying ICDs PD affected patients, applicable at the current moment of PD Methods: QUIP-CS was first translated to Portuguese by a professional translator. This translated version was shown to 5 PD neurologist specialists. in Brazil, being suggested minor modifications on it. This new Portuguese revised version was back translated to English by two independent native English speakers. They were both asked to compare the version one another and checked for differences. Then, they contacted each other and got a final back translated version. This one was sent for the original author, that approved its new version comparing to his original and validated one, with no loss of it’s original properties. The Portuguese corrected version was applied to 65 patients in a random way at PD’s ambulatory at HCPA. From these, 30 were asked to answer a number that would represent their level of QUIP-CS questions’ comprehension. Results: In a 1 to 5 point scale, being 1 no comprehension and 5, total comprehension, the average was 4,06 +/- 0,69 DP. Conclusion: Our results on Portuguese version of QUIP-CS show that QUIP-CS translated and corrected version was easily understood and easily self-applied. The article is under revision to be submitted for publication.

Base teórica: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é a segunda enfermidade neurodegenerativa mais frequente, crescendo proporcionalmente com o aumento da idade. É uma doença de comprometimento motor e não motor. Levodopa e agonistas dopaminérgicos (AD) são usados no tratamento da DP, permitindo um controle ótimo dos sintomas nos primeiros anos. Entretanto, em 5 anos, metade dos pacientes terão complicações motoras e nãomotoras induzidas pelo uso de antiparkinsonianos. Manifestações neuropsiquiátricas são frequentes, entre elas depressão, ansiedade, prejuízos cognitivos, sintomas psicóticos e transtorno de descontrole dos impulsos(DI). O DI é uma condição caracterizada pela falência em resistir a impulsos ou tentação de executar atos. O DI está associado ao uso de antiparkinsonianos, em especial, os agonistas dopaminérgicos A identificação desta condição é primordial para seu tratamento e estudo adequados. Na literatura atual, o questionário padrão-ouro foi validado na língua inglesa (QUIP), não existindo uma validação para língua portuguesa. Objetivo: Traduzir e validar o questionário QUIP-CS, em sua versão curta e aplicável no momento presente da DP, para lingua Portuguesa do Brasil Métodos: A versão curta da QUIP (QUIP-CS) foi traduzida para o Português por tradutor juramentado. Após, esta foi avaliada por 5 especialistas em DP no Brasil, sendo sugeridas pequenas correções. A versão corrigida em português foi retrotraduzida para o inglês por 2 tradutores juramentados nativos na língua original da escala (inglês), que compararam suas versões posteriormente, chegando-se a uma nova versão final neste idioma. Esta foi enviada ao autor da escala original, que concordou com esta versão, ou seja, foram mantidas as propriedades semânticas do instrumento. Após, a versão final em Português foi auto-aplicada em 65 indivíduos com diagnóstico de DP em tratamento no ambulatório especializado no HCPA, sendo que, de forma aleatória, para 30 foi aplicado um questionário de avaliação sobre o grau de dificuldade de compreensão de suas perguntas. Resultados: Em uma escala de 1 a 5 pontos, onde 1 era nenhuma compreensão das perguntas e 5, clara compreensão, a média de entendimento pelos pacientes foi de 4,06 +/- 0,69 DP. Conclusão: A avaliação desta versão foi considerada de fácil compreensão pelos próprios pacientes. O artigo para validação da tradução do conteúdo da versão em Português da QUIP-CS está em fase de revisão para publicação. / Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most often neurodegenerative disease and proportionally growing with people aging. PD is a disease with motor and nonmotor clinical features. Levodopa and dopaminergic agonists (DA) are used for PD treatment, allowing an exquisite control of the motor symptoms during the first years. However, in five years, half patients will present motor or non-motor complications induced by cronic use of these medications. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are often, for example, depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, psychotic symptoms and impulse control disorders (ICD). The ICD is characterized by failure on resisting an impulse or on performing an specific act. Identification of the PD affected patients is crucial for proper management and study of this condition. There is an already validated self-reported questionnaire for this purpose, the Parkinson's Disease Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders Questionnaire (QUIP), without equivalent in portuguese language. Objective: To translate and to validate the Portuguese short version of the gold-standard questionnaire for identifying ICDs PD affected patients, applicable at the current moment of PD Methods: QUIP-CS was first translated to Portuguese by a professional translator. This translated version was shown to 5 PD neurologist specialists. in Brazil, being suggested minor modifications on it. This new Portuguese revised version was back translated to English by two independent native English speakers. They were both asked to compare the version one another and checked for differences. Then, they contacted each other and got a final back translated version. This one was sent for the original author, that approved its new version comparing to his original and validated one, with no loss of it’s original properties. The Portuguese corrected version was applied to 65 patients in a random way at PD’s ambulatory at HCPA. From these, 30 were asked to answer a number that would represent their level of QUIP-CS questions’ comprehension. Results: In a 1 to 5 point scale, being 1 no comprehension and 5, total comprehension, the average was 4,06 +/- 0,69 DP. Conclusion: Our results on Portuguese version of QUIP-CS show that QUIP-CS translated and corrected version was easily understood and easily self-applied. The article is under revision to be submitted for publication.