Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Melbourne, 1996. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 422-472).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009. / Title from title screen (site viewed July 6, 2010). PDF text: vii, 111 p. : ill. ; 3 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3369361. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Deborah Jacobvitz. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2007. / Thesis directed by John G. Borkowski for the Department of Psychology. "April 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-51).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-122). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The aim of this study was to prospectively, evaluate the effectiveness of an individually designed home-based physical activity programme in combination with massage therapy, on motor and cognitive development in children infected with HIV. This study used a randomized controlled trial design. One hundred and twenty-eight infants and toddlers (children) were recruited between March 2010 and September 2010 and randomly allocated to receive either an individually designed home-based physical activity programme in combination with massage therapy or standard treatment and massage on a 1:1 ratio. Motor and cognitive development was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development third edition (Bayley-III)

Bei einer MRT in Sedierung steht der potentielle Wärmeverlust über die Körperoberfläche einem Temperaturanstieg durch die Absorption von Energie aus dem Hochfrequenzfeld der Sendespule gegenüber. Bei Schädel-MRT-Untersuchungen in bereits vorliegenden Studien (1,5T, 3T) konnte mittels Ohrtemperaturmessung vor und nach der MRT ein Temperaturanstieg von 0,5 ° C bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern gemessen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte untersucht werden, ob bei 3T-MRT-Untersuchungen unterschiedlicher Körperregionen und Dauer in Propofol-Sedierung bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern eine Zu- oder Abnahme der Körpertemperatur stattfi ndet und ob eine kontinuierliche Temperaturüberwachung auf der Haut eine verlässliche Messmethode ist. In der klinischen Observationsstudie wurden 50 Kinder im Alter bis zu 6 Jahren eingeschlossen und eine 3T-MRT in Propofol-Sedierung durchgeführt (ASA 1 und 2). Erstmalig erfolgte die Temperaturüberwachung kontinuierlich axillär mit einem Fiber TEMPTM Reusable Fiber-optic Surface Temperature Sensor (Invivo, Orlando/Florida, USA). Zur Kontrolle wurde die Ohrtemperatur vor und nach der MRT mit einem Infrarotthermometer First Temp Genius (Covidien Deutschland GmbH) gemessen und vegetative Reaktionen dokumentiert. Es zeigte sich ein mit der Literatur vergleichbarer signi fikanter mittlerer Temperaturanstieg auf der Haut von 36,4 ± 0,5 °C auf 36,9 ± 0,5 ° C auch bei unterschiedlichen Untersuchungszeiten und -regionen. Die nachgewiesene Erwärmung ist bei gesunden Kindern nur von geringer klinischer Relevanz. Es sind bei einer 3T-MRT-Untersuchung weder eine verstärkte Wärmezufuhr noch eine Kühlung notwendig, um Säuglinge und Kleinkinder normotherm zu halten. Ist bei speziellen Indikationen eine kontinuierliche Temperaturüberwachung notwendig, liefert ein faseroptischer Temperatursensor korrekte Daten. / In case of MRI in infants and children during propofol sedation the potential loss of body temperature confronts the temperature increase due to the absorption of energy from the high-frequency field of the transmitter coil. Therefore the physician must be aware of both effects when caring for sedated children. Objective of the present study is the effect of 3T-MRI of different body regions and scan duration on body temperature measured continuously in propofol sedated infants and children, which was not performed previously. 50 children in the age up to 6 years have been included in the observational study carried out between October 2008 and March 2009 at the Department of Pediatric Radiology, University of Leipzig. They underwent an elective 3T-MRI while sedated with propofol. The temperature monitoring has been carried out continuously axillary with a new fiber-optic sensor. For control, the tympanic temperature has been measured prior and after the MRI-examination with an infrared thermometer. A significant (p<0,05) medial temperature increase from 36,4 ± 0,5 °C to 36,9 ± 0,5 °C was evident measured axillarly with the fiber-optic sensor. Heart rate and oxygen saturation were stable throughout the MRI scan. In healthy children, the measured increase of temperature during 3T-MRI is only of minor clinical relevance. If a continuous temperature monitoring is necessary in cases with special indications e.g. critical ill children, a fiber-optical temperature sensor generates reliable data.

In recent times the potential impact of preeclampsia on the cardiovascular health of offspring has been identified. This thesis explores the relationship between preeclampsia and offspring cardiovascular phenotype during the first three decades of life. A systematic review and meta-analysis provided evidence that there was increased blood pressure and BMI in the offspring of preeclamptic pregnancies (n = 45,249). There was however limited data on metabolic features and inadequate characterisation of the degree of prematurity or growth restriction in existing literature. I therefore studied data on two birth cohorts with up to 28 years of detailed prospective follow up (n = 2868 and n = 926). Those born very preterm to preeclamptic pregnancies had transient perinatal reductions in insulin and cholesterol, although extreme prematurity was the only determinant of variation in cardiovascular risk in later life, with changes in both metabolism and blood pressure. In those born closer to, or at term, gestation was no longer relevant and an independent impact of preeclampsia on blood pressure was evident, so that by age 20, those born at term to preeclamptic pregnancies were four and a half times more likely to demonstrate clinically-apparent hypertension. I then investigated whether there were changes in other features of cardiovascular phenotype, independent of blood pressure, in preterm neonates born following preeclampsia (n = 46). At 3 months of age preterm infants born to hypertensive pregnancies had subclinical alterations in cardiac strain, independent of gestation or birth weight but not differences in blood pressure, or microvascular structure. These findings highlight preeclampsia and prematurity as key, independent perinatal factors, important in determining cardiovascular phenotype and risk during early life. Preeclampsia is associated with a specific lean, hypertensive phenotype, associated with cardiac functional alterations; these findings begin to define a distinct at risk population who may require targeted preventative interventions.

The perception of an action and its production are inextricably linked. This entails that, during development, the skills that children are able to perform influence their perception of others\\\'' actions. The present dissertation aimed to investigate the role of children’s experience on the perception of actions in three distinctive areas: manual actions performed by one person (individual action), manual actions performed by two people (joint action), and a conversation between two people. In order to succeed in each of the three areas, children have to acquire new skills and do so successively during their first three years of life. The methodological approach of this work was to measure the gaze behaviour of children, aged 6 months to 3 years, and adults during the observation of visually presented actions, which provided information on whether they were able to anticipate action goals. The findings obtained generally show an influence of experience on the anticipation of action goals in each of the three areas. First, a link between action and perception is not established as soon as an action emerges. There is at least some experience necessary for its development. Second, infants with no coordinated joint-action skills themselves anticipate the goals of joint action less well than those of individual action. Adults with considerable joint-action skills anticipate both equally well. And third, the course of a conversation can only be reliably anticipated by children aged 3 years and adults, whereas younger children shift their gaze between speakers randomly. Furthermore, only at the age of 3 years, did intonation support children’s anticipation of conversations.