Orientador: Jose Luiz Pereira, Valeria Chritina Amstalden Junqueira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:30:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_RosanaFranciscoSiqueirados_M.pdf: 1367464 bytes, checksum: 1f8a0a9b0f9ec558cd3f583d15def385 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

The incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies born in the Uitenhage Provincial Hospital would seem to be a cause of concern from a public health of view. The incidence of 21% recorded during 1999 is markedly higher than the 7% recorded in the United States of America in 1998 and the average of 17% noted for developing countries. Some health concerns related to LBW babies are Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, scholastic performances later in life, and several chronic diseases in adults associated with them having been born as LBW babies.

Maternal and child-health and health education are three major concerns of public health organisations and researchers throughout the world. Health education for mothers is a strategy many countries have adopted to improve maternal and child-health. The present study was carried out in Uganda with the objective of exploring the factors influencing the utilisation of postnatal services at Mulago and Mengo hospitals, a government and private hospital. Both hospitals are located in Kampala district in Uganda. The survey, was completed by 330 women who responded to a structured questionnaire that was given to them six to eight weeks after delivery. Questions that were asked generated demographic information about the mothers / mothers&rsquo / knowledge about postnatal services / mothers&rsquo / socio-economic status and barriers to utilisation of the postnatal services. The participants included all women who delivered in Mulago and Mengo hospitals in November 2003 except for those who had had a neonatal death. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Some of the key findings of the study were that most women lacked awareness about postnatal services and those who knew about these services only knew about immunisation and family planning services. The majority of the mothers did not know about other services, such as physiotherapy, counselling, growth monitoring, and physical examination. Lack of money for transport or service costs, distance from the health care facility, not being aware of the services, lack of somebody to take care of the child at home were some of the main barriers to utilisation of postnatal services. Others included, lack of education, lack of employment, lack of decision-making powers, and lack of time to go back for the service. The ministry of health should educate women and communities about the importance of postnatal care, its availability, and the importance of women having decision-making power over their own health. The health service organization should improve on the quality of care by ensuring that services are provided at convenient hours with privacy, confidentiality and respect and it should evaluate the services periodically from the users perspective to maintain the quality of service.

The incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies born in the Uitenhage Provincial Hospital would seem to be a cause of concern from a public health of view. The incidence of 21% recorded during 1999 is markedly higher than the 7% recorded in the United States of America in 1998 and the average of 17% noted for developing countries. Some health concerns related to LBW babies are Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, scholastic performances later in life, and several chronic diseases in adults associated with them having been born as LBW babies.

Maternal and child-health and health education are three major concerns of public health organisations and researchers throughout the world. Health education for mothers is a strategy many countries have adopted to improve maternal and child-health. The present study was carried out in Uganda with the objective of exploring the factors influencing the utilisation of postnatal services at Mulago and Mengo hospitals, a government and private hospital. Both hospitals are located in Kampala district in Uganda. The survey, was completed by 330 women who responded to a structured questionnaire that was given to them six to eight weeks after delivery. Questions that were asked generated demographic information about the mothers / mothers&rsquo / knowledge about postnatal services / mothers&rsquo / socio-economic status and barriers to utilisation of the postnatal services. The participants included all women who delivered in Mulago and Mengo hospitals in November 2003 except for those who had had a neonatal death. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Some of the key findings of the study were that most women lacked awareness about postnatal services and those who knew about these services only knew about immunisation and family planning services. The majority of the mothers did not know about other services, such as physiotherapy, counselling, growth monitoring, and physical examination. Lack of money for transport or service costs, distance from the health care facility, not being aware of the services, lack of somebody to take care of the child at home were some of the main barriers to utilisation of postnatal services. Others included, lack of education, lack of employment, lack of decision-making powers, and lack of time to go back for the service. The ministry of health should educate women and communities about the importance of postnatal care, its availability, and the importance of women having decision-making power over their own health. The health service organization should improve on the quality of care by ensuring that services are provided at convenient hours with privacy, confidentiality and respect and it should evaluate the services periodically from the users perspective to maintain the quality of service.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-191).

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. 175-191.

Orientador: Adriano Dias / Coorientador: Maria Cristina Ferreira Sena / Banca: Olímpio Barbosa de Moraes Filho / Banca: Adriano Bueno Tavares / Resumo: A análise da evolução e principais características dos nascimentos no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2007 evidencia que mulheres com idade de 15 a 19 anos, no momento do parto, respondem por 20% dos nascimentos no país. Estudos indicam que a gravidez na adolescência, etapa da vida de 10 a 19 anos, está associada a eventos adversos no recém- -nascido como baixo peso, prematuridade e comprometimento das condições de vitalidade ao nascimento. Dois objetivos foram definidos: 1.Revisar a ocorrência de partos prematuros e de baixo peso ao nascer com a gravidez em adolescentes e sua condição socioeconômica e cultural. Analisar os nascimentos, descrevendo-os segundo características da gestação, do parto e do recém-nascido. Dois trabalhos foram realizados para responder os objetivos. O primeiro compreende um artigo de revisão de um levantamento bibliográfico onde foram identificados textos que abordam assunto e o segundo um artigo original. Neste trabalho foram analisadas 24.800 declarações de nascidos vivos, correspondentes aos partos hospitalares ocorridos no Hospital Regional da Asa Sul (HRAS), no período de 1º de janeiro de 2006 a 31 de dezembro de 2009. As faixas etárias maternas foram estratificadas em: adolescente precoce, idade entre 10 a 14 anos; adolescente tardia, idade de 15 a 19 anos e adultas jovens, de 20 a 35 anos. Foi utilizando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 17.0 e aplicado o Qui-quadrado de Pearson com significância de 5 %. Rocha et al apuraram que a ocorrência de baixo peso logo após o nascimento no grupo de gestantes precoces foi muito maior (13,5%) em relação ao grupo de gestantes tardias (3,1%); identificaram no seu estudo que 91,3% das gestantes precoces possuíam somente o ensino fundamental, enquanto que as gestantes tardias representavam 55,5%. Ainda nessa pesquisa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: An analysis of the development and main characteristics of births in Brazil from 2000 to 2007 suggests that women aged 15 to 19 at childbearing represent 20% of births in this country. Studies have demonstrated that pregnancy among teenagers, a stage of life between the ages of 13 and 19, is associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low-birth weight, prematurity and compromised vitality conditions at birth. Two objectives were defined:To revise the incidence of preterm births and low-birth weight in teenage pregnant mothers and their socioeconomic and cultural condition. To analyse the births, describing them according to pregnancy, delivery and newborn infant characteristics. Two studies were carried out to meet the objectives. The first one is a review article based on reference materials in which article s related to the topic were identified, and the second one, the original article. In the present study, we analysed 24.8000 declarations of live births corresponding to hospital births at the Hospital Regional da Asa Sul (HRAS), from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2009. The mother age groups were stratified in: precocious adolescent, aged between 10 to 14; late adolescent, between 15 to 19; and young adult, between 20 to 35. We used the statistical program SPSS version 17.0 and applied the Chi-square Pearson with 5% level of significance. Rocha et al concluded that the incidence of low-birth weight in the group of precocious pregnant adolescents was much higher (13.5%) if compared to the group of late pregnant adolescents (3.1%); it was also showed that 91.3% of precocious pregnant adolescents had just basic schooling while in the late pregnant adolescents, 55.5%. Still in this study it has been showed that 37.5% of precocious pregnant adolescents had poor prenatal care, having fewer than 07 visits... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Master of Public Health - MPH / The incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies born in the Uitenhage Provincial Hospital would seem to be a cause of concern from a public health of view. The incidence of 21% recorded during 1999 is markedly higher than the 7% recorded in the United States of America in 1998 and the average of 17% noted for developing countries. Some health concerns related to LBW babies are Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, scholastic performances later in life, and several chronic diseases in adults associated with them having been born as LBW babies. / South Africa

Orientador: João Luiz de Carvalho Pinto e Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:48:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kasawara_KarinaTamy_M.pdf: 2691543 bytes, checksum: 636f1894d23a776bf9fab5ef43b2246f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Introdução: A pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é um dos principais distúrbios hipertensivos da gestação e representa a principal causa de mortalidade e morbidade materna e perinatal. A atividade física e os exercícios físicos vêm sendo descritos para a prevenção da PE. Na gestação sem risco e/ou de baixo risco podem trazer benefícios para a saúde materna, além de ser considerados atividade segura para a saúde da mãe e do feto. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre seu real efeito, principalmente na gestação de alto risco. Objetivo: revisar, de forma sistemática, a literatura sobre o efeito do exercício físico e da atividade física no desenvolvimento da PE. Avaliar a associação do exercício físico com bicicleta estacionária (BE) em gestantes com hipertensão arterial crônica (HAC) e/ou PE prévia, com o tipo de parto, repercussões maternas e neonatais. Sujeitos e métodos: Para a revisão sistemática foram utilizadas as bases de dados: PubMed®, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library On-line (SciELO), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) e ISI web of KnowledgeSM. Através dos descritores: "exercise", "motor activity", "physical activity", "pre-eclampsia", "eclampsia", "hypertension, pregnancy-induced", sem restrição de ano de publicação e idioma. Para avaliar a associação do exercício físico com BE e o tipo de parto, repercussões maternas e neonatais, foi realizado um ensaio controlado aleatorizado (ECA), entre janeiro/2008 e novembro/2011, no Hospital da Mulher Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti - CAISM, com 116 gestantes com HAC e/ou PE prévia. As participantes foram aleatorizadas em: grupo-estudo (GE), em que realizaram exercícios físicos com BE semanalmente, sob supervisão de um fisioterapeuta, durante 30 minutos, com intensidade leve e controlada; grupo-controle (GC), em que seguiram a rotina de assistência pré-natal. Os dados referentes ao parto, às repercussões maternas e neonatais foram coletados dos prontuários. A análise da revisão sistemática foi realizada por meio do programa Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. O ECA foi analisado por intenção de tratamento, e o risco relativo foi calculado para as principais variáveis. O nível de significância assumido foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídos 17 estudos na revisão sistemática: 6 do tipo caso-controle, 10 coortes e 1 ECA. Conforme a análise dos artigos do caso-controle, observou-se o efeito protetor da atividade física. Dentre os artigos de coorte e do estudo ECA não foi observada diferença significativa. No ECA deste estudo, a média de sessões de exercício físico realizado pelo GE foi de 9,24 sessões. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos, com relação às variáveis: tipo de parto, indicações para a via alta de parto e repercussões maternas, incluindo a morbidade materna e internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). As repercussões neonatais (peso do RN, adequação do peso à idade gestacional, idade gestacional, índice de Apgar, internação do UTI, morbidade neonatal) não foram diferentes entre os grupos. Conclusão: A revisão sistemática indicou efeito protetor da atividade física de lazer para a prevenção da PE. Já o exercício físico com BE, em gestantes com HAC e/ou PE prévia, realizado sob supervisão profissional, uma vez por semana, não apresentou risco materno e neonatal para ocorrência de morbidade e internação na UTI / Abstract: Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a major hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and represents the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Physical activity and exercise have been described for the prevention of PE. During pregnancy without risk and/or low risk may benefit for maternal health, and are considered safe activity for the mother and fetus health. However, it is not known about the real effects, mainly in high-risk pregnancy. Objective: The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effect of exercise and physical activity and the development of preeclampsia (PE). Assess the association of exercise with stationary bicycle (SB) in pregnant women at risk for developing PE with the type of delivery, maternal and perinatal outcomes. Subjects and methods: For the systematic review we used the following databases: PubMed®, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and ISI Web of Knowledge. Through the keywords "exercise", "motor activity", "physical activity", "pre-eclampsia," "preeclampsia," "hypertension, pregnancy-induced" without restriction year of publication and language. To evaluate the association of exercise with the type of delivery, maternal and perinatal outcomes, we performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT), between january/2008 and november/2011 at Women's Hospital Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti - CAISM with 116 pregnant women at risk for PE (chronic hypertension, previous PE or both factors). Participants were randomized in the study group (SG) performed exercise with SB weekly under the supervision of a physiotherapist for 30 minutes with mild intensity and controlled; the control group (CG) followed the routine prenatal care. Data related to delivery, the maternal and perinatal outcomes were collected from medical records. The significance level was 5%. Results: We included 17 studies in the systematic review: 6 case-control, cohort and a 10 RCT. According to the analysis of case-control items observed protective effect of physical activity. Among the articles in the study cohort and RCT was not significant difference. In our RCT, the average exercise sessions conducted by SG was 9.24 sessions. No differences were observed between groups regarding the variables: type of delivery, indications for route of delivery and high maternal effects, including maternal morbidity in Intensive Unit Care (ICU). The repercussions of neonatal (birth weight, adequacy of weight to gestational age, gestational age, Apgar scores, admission to the ICU, neonatal morbidity) were not different between groups. Conclusion: The systematic review indicated the protective effect of leisure physical activity for prevention of PE, observed in case-control studies. Since physical exercise with SB, in patients with CH and/or previous PE, under professional supervision, once a week, did not show risk for occurrence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and hospitalization in ICU / Mestrado / Saúde Materna e Perinatal / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde