<p> The limited numbers of women in advanced mathematics courses is a critical factor hindering women’s academic and professional access to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Informal learning environments have the potential to play a significant role in promoting the participation of girls and women in mathematics/STEM fields. However, research that addresses the intersection of informal education, mathematics education, and women’s studies is minimal. Specifically, little is known about informal educators’ lived experiences in facilitating girls’ learning. Based on four years of working alongside Laura, the founder of Girls Excelling in Math and Science (GEMS) clubs, I conducted a narrative inquiry that explored our boundary crossing experiences as we engaged in a GEMS collaboration. The exploration focused on Laura’s narratives of her past, present, and future experiences that shape her identity as an informal educator. During the exploration of Laura’s experiences, I reflected on and inquired about my own personal and professional experiences across multiple contexts that inform my evolving identity as an educator. The theoretical framework of this study is informed by feminist theory and boundary-crossing perspectives. Feminist theory guides me to perceive our narrative of experiences from a women’s perspective while the boundary-crossing framework provides an analytic lens to understand our interpersonal and intrapersonal boundary crossing experiences. Because of the nature of the narrative inquiry, data were co-constructed between Laura and me in various forms: interviews, field notes, family stories, autobiographical writing, documents, conversations, emails, etc. I employed Polkinghorne’s (1995) <em>narrative analysis </em>and <em>analysis of narrative</em> approaches to analyze data. First, I utilized a <em>narrative analysis </em>approach to generate three holistic plots: (1) narratives of becoming female educators, (2) boundary-crossing collaboration in the midst of GEMS, and (3) conceptualizing mathematics across multiple contexts. An<em> analysis of narrative</em> approach was used to generate themes that unfold the meanings of stories, moments, and events and configure the plot. In the findings, I portrayed the three plots which allowed me to rediscover and reconstruct our personal practical knowledge across the contexts. Building on the findings, I discuss how female educators’ narratives of experiences inform their personal practical knowledge, which empowers girls’ and women’s personal and social experiences in mathematics/STEM. Laura and I cross multiple boundaries engaging in collaboration which provides an example of the boundary crossing collaboration between mathematics education and informal education. Based on the findings, I describe how informal learning STEM environments provide potential spaces to implement alternative curricula to humanize mathematics. Two evolving mathematics-related tasks illustrate our experiences of humanizing mathematics in GEMS. This study is situated at the intersection of mathematics education, informal education, and women’s studies, which significantly impacted Laura, myself, and GEMS, the context in which this study took place. This study provides an example of the possibilities of building boundary-crossing collaborations between the mathematics education community and the informal education community to empower girls and women in mathematics/STEM. Drawing on this dissertation study, one future research direction focuses on implementing and further developing humanized mathematics curricula in informal learning environments. Another research direction is using intersectional feminist theory to understand women’s differences regarding multiple social constructs (e.g., race, gender, class, ethnicity) to explicate the dimensions of inequality women face in mathematics/STEM. The study also suggests future practical work for mathematics education to foster alternative ways of conceptualizing mathematics regarding curriculum and approach. Mathematics educators could contribute to creating a learning community and providing professional development opportunities to support informal educators. </p>

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The Karretjie People, or Cart People are a peripatetic community and are descendants of the KhoeKhoen and San, the earliest inhabitants of the Karoo region in South Africa. As a landless and disempowered community they are dependent upon others for food and other basic necessities specifically, and other resources generally. Compared to children in South Africa generally, the Karretjie children are in every sense of the most severely deprived. Their fathers are by and large sheep-shearers, often their only specialised skill, and which is primarily required only on demand and on an irregular and/or seasonal basis. The children’s mothers as keepers of the karretjie (cart) overnight shack, with other adult caretakers, are without predictable income for most of the year. The service that the adult men deliver to the farming community necessitates continuous spatial mobility and is made possible by a cart and donkeys, which also enable them to adapt to changing circumstances. High levels of spatial mobility as well as economic demands on individual domestic units result in inventive utilisation of scarce resources and entails, amongst others, in children oscillating between different karretjie (cart) units.

This research surveys the Swiss missionaries' management of social transformation in South Africa (1873-1976). It has as its major focus the management of schools, hospitals and churches as the primary institutions of social change in society. The researcher's realisation that more often than not, the changes brought to bear on proselytes by the change forces take time to manifest themselves vividly induced him to extend the scope to include the dawn of the new political dispensation in this country in 1994. This need not surprise the readership as the triadic approach, which is synonymous with historial analyses compels researchers to avail readers of what happened in the past, present as well as what is likely to occur in future. In other words, readers will encounter the ethnic nationalism engineered by different change agents in this country and the repercussions thereof, and the schism within the Swiss Mission in South Africa/Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa that started in 1989 and became reality by 1991. Finally, the thesis also appraises readers of what should be done in periods of rapid social change. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (History of Education)

This final thesis deals with innovations in the management of informal education. The main goal of this work is to determine the extent to which the executives of leisure education organizations recognize the need for innovations in different areas of the organization, to compare the extent and content of specific innovations in selected organizations and explore in which areas and based on which stimuli the innovations in these organizations arise. The obtained information is useful for efficient preparation of further training of organization executives and described examples of good practice as an inspiration to improve the performance of leisure and informal education organizations. The theoretical part incorporates leisure and informal education into the overall education system of the Czech Republic and its development is illustrated on the laws and decrees from 1948 to present. Research in the form of structured interview reveals the respondents view on innovations in leisure education and shows the respondents experience with the introduction of innovations in their own organizations. The conclusions of this research clearly show the need for innovation in informal and leisure education for the competitiveness of individual organizations. KEYWORDS : lifelong learning, formal education,...

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Studiens mål är att bidra till kunskapsutveckling om hur unga människor utvecklar handlingskompetens för hållbar utveckling. Med handlingskompetens för hållbar utveckling avses i studien vilja och förmåga att påverka livsstil och levnadsvillkor på ett sätt sominkluderar intergenerationellt och globalt ansvar. I avhandlingen introduceras begreppet avståndsmoral för att beskriva detta ansvar, som utsträcker sig i både tid och rum, till kommande generationer och till nu levande människor globalt. En utgångspunkt för studien är att hållbar utveckling innefattar idén om avståndsmoraliskt ansvar. Studiens huvudfråga är: Hur erfar avståndsmoraliskt aktivt handlande unga människor att de utvecklat handlingskompetens för hållbar utveckling? Studiens teorigrund är livsvärldsfenomenologisk. En upplevd verklighet undersöks i studien via berättelser. Genom ett strategiskt urval har tre intervjupersoner, som motiverar sina handlingar med avståndsmoraliska argument, valts att ingå i studien. Datainsamlingen har skett genom en kombination av öppna livsberättelseintervjuer ochhalvstrukturerade intervjuer. Analys och tolkning har metodologiskt stöd i berättelseforskningstraditionen och empirisk fenomenologisk forskning. Resultaten presenteras som tre citatrika levnadsberättelser om Karin, Carl och Matilda, tre unga vuxna med flera års engagemang i hållbarhetsfrågor. Syftet med levnadsberättelserna är att bidra till förståelse av det speciella i en enskild individs upplevelse av attutveckla handlingskompetens för hållbar utveckling. En integrerande analys redovisar mönster i form av likheter och skillnader mellan de tre individernas berättelser om att utveckla olika aspekter av handlingskompetens i avståndsmoraliska frågor. Sex gemensammakärnpoänger framstår som betydelsefulla: känslomässiga reaktioner, upplevd kompetens, kontrasterande perspektiv och normativ grund, handlingsimpregnering, tillit från och tillit till vuxna samt social gemenskap kontra utanförskap. Som motiv och drivkrafterför engagemanget framstår känslomässiga reaktioner som initierar önskan om förändring och vilja till handling, längtan efter meningsfullhet, önskan om att komma till sin rätt och längtan efter gemenskap. Resultaten diskuteras i förhållande till tidigare forskningoch en modell av en möjlig väg att utveckla aspekter av handlingskompetens för hållbar utveckling presenteras. Diskussionskapitlet utmynnar i fyra didaktiska utmaningar för enutbildning för hållbar utveckling. / The aim of the study at hand is to develop knowledge about the process of developing action competence for sustainable development. The overall research question explored is: How do young people experience that they have developed aspects of action competence forsustainable development? For the purposes of this study, action competence for sustainable development is defined as willingness and capability to act for changes in individual life style, as well as for structural changes of society, in a way that includes responsibility for present and future generations,globally. Life-world phenomenology provides the theoretical foundation of the study. Through purposive sampling, individuals have been found who, through different action strategies, engage in sustainability issues as for example climate change, bio-diversity and social justice. From a larger sample, three young adults have been selected for several life storyinterviews. Data has been analyzed and interpreted by use of narrative methodology. The result is presented as three stories, presented as thick descriptions, through whichthe winding paths towards aspects of action competence, as experienced, appear. This is followed by an integrative analysis presenting six themes that have emerged in theanalyses as relevant in the process of developing action competence for sustainable development: emotional reactions; perceived competence; contrasts and normative foundation;action permeation; trust and faith from adults and in adults; and social belonging in contrastto outsidership. Major motives and driving-forces for sustainability actions that emerge inthe stories are: emotional reactions initiating a desire for change and a desire to act; longingfor meaningfulness; a desire to feel comfortable with what you can contribute; and longing for belongingness. The findings are discussed in relationship to previous research and a modelof a possible way to develop aspects of action competence for sustainable development is introduced. This dissertation is part of a project supported by Formas, The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning.

The thesis deals with the processing of subsidy policies to support the activities of organizations working with children and youth. The work describes grant programs some ministries, higher territorial governments, municipalities and other donors. It also defines NGOs and their division. The work defines interest and informal education. The thesis contains tables and graphs with distributed financial amounts and numbers of people in different age categories. One of the chapters deals with the instructions for the preparation and submission of the grant application.

Submitted by Flávia Fernandes Pinto (fla_fp@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-06T14:05:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Fernandes - Imp. Assist. Educacional em Estabelecimentos Penais MS e SP - Mestrado.pdf: 3250634 bytes, checksum: 54405128e11070bdcb86152ca8de2a4f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-04-06T14:10:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Fernandes - Imp. Assist. Educacional em Estabelecimentos Penais MS e SP - Mestrado.pdf: 3250634 bytes, checksum: 54405128e11070bdcb86152ca8de2a4f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-06T14:25:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Fernandes - Imp. Assist. Educacional em Estabelecimentos Penais MS e SP - Mestrado.pdf: 3250634 bytes, checksum: 54405128e11070bdcb86152ca8de2a4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T14:25:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Fernandes - Imp. Assist. Educacional em Estabelecimentos Penais MS e SP - Mestrado.pdf: 3250634 bytes, checksum: 54405128e11070bdcb86152ca8de2a4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / Este trabalho pretende investigar o processo de implementação das políticas públicas de educação – formal e não formal – aos privados de liberdade no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e de São Paulo (SP). Essa análise será feita a partir das legislações nacionais e, sobretudo, estaduais e estudos de campo com a finalidade de verificar como ocorre a implementação da educação em duas penitenciárias para condenados do sexo masculino em regime fechado: Instituto Penal de Campo Grande – MS e Penitenciária I 'Mário Moura Albuquerque' de Franco da Rocha – SP. Para isso, foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com custodiados alunos e não alunos dessas penitenciárias e com os profissionais responsáveis por essa implementação dos seguintes órgãos: Secretaria de Estado de Educação do MS, Secretaria Estadual de Educação de SP, Agência Estadual de Administração do Sistema Penitenciário do MS, Secretaria de Administração Penitenciária de SP – e aos seus órgãos vinculados: Escola Estadual Polo Professora Regina Lúcia Anffe Nunes Betine - MS, Escola Estadual Domingos Cambhiagi - SP e Fundação Professor Doutor Manoel Pedro Pimentel - SP. A partir daí, a pesquisadora buscou compreender a implementação da educação no Instituto Penal de Campo Grande e na Penitenciária I 'Mário Moura Albuquerque' de Franco da Rocha – SP referente ao período temporal correspondente ao das entrevistas – ano de 2017, abarcando também 2015 e 2016. / This thesis goal is to investigate the implementation process of educational public policies - both formal and informal - for individuals deprived of freedom in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) and Sao Paolo (SP) states. This analysis has as starting point the Brazilian legislation, mainly state legislations and field studies, with the purpose of verifying how the implementation of education is conducted to convicted male individuals in two state prisons: 'Instituto Penal de Campo Grande – MS' e Penitenciária I 'Mário Moura Albuquerque' de Franco da Rocha – SP. To accomplish this objective a qualitative research was conducted by using semi structured interviews with student inmates and non-student inmates as well as the personnel responsible for the implementation from the following state agencies: ‘Secretaria de Estado de Educação do MS’, ‘Secretaria Estadual de Educação de SP’, 'Agência Estadual de Administração do Sistema Penitenciário do MS', 'Secretaria de Administração Penitenciária de SP' – and associated institutions: 'Escola Estadual Polo Professora Regina Lúcia Anffe Nunes Betine - MS', 'Escola Estadual Domingos Cambhiagi - SP' e 'Fundação Professor Doutor Manoel Pedro Pimentel - SP'. From this perspective the researcher tried to understand the implementation of the educational policies at the 'Instituto Penal de Campo Grande' and at the Penitenciária I 'Mário Moura Albuquerque' de Franco da Rocha in the time frame corresponding to the interviews – 2017 – and also 2015 and 2016.

The Karretjie People, or Cart People are a peripatetic community and are descendants of the KhoeKhoen and San, the earliest inhabitants of the Karoo region in South Africa. As a landless and disempowered community they are dependent upon others for food and other basic necessities specifically, and other resources generally. Compared to children in South Africa generally, the Karretjie children are in every sense of the most severely deprived. Their fathers are by and large sheep-shearers, often their only specialised skill, and which is primarily required only on demand and on an irregular and/or seasonal basis. The children’s mothers as keepers of the karretjie (cart) overnight shack, with other adult caretakers, are without predictable income for most of the year. The service that the adult men deliver to the farming community necessitates continuous spatial mobility and is made possible by a cart and donkeys, which also enable them to adapt to changing circumstances. High levels of spatial mobility as well as economic demands on individual domestic units result in inventive utilisation of scarce resources and entails, amongst others, in children oscillating between different karretjie (cart) units.