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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to use a dynamic view of systems of innovations in order to explore the roles of a public sector in identifying innovative opportunities introduced by new technologies and new high tech products and shaping the competitive advantages of Sweden. This thesis is limited as to the field of good products in the mobile communication industry. Basing that if a country can specialize, put and allocate all of its efforts in the mobile telecommunication industry, the country could possibly enjoy better economic growth and competitive advantages comparing with other countries specialized in other less promising industries. While deducing contemporary innovation theories, the conflicts and contradictions are notified between the proactive roles assumed by the government sector in creating innovations and traditional views concerning the appearing of radical innovations. According to those theories, the public agencies are proposed to assume more responsibilities in creating innovations, while the sources of innovations are merely considered as a result of ¡§chance¡¨ or ¡§serendipity¡¨. A proactive view in articulating the roles of the government agencies is illustrated in this thesis in the respects of the intentions of technical developments. Using NMT and GSM standard development process as empirical cases, it is concluded that circumstances are favorable for radical innovations where a competent public sector agency with visions places procurement orders based on transparent competition and open standards or technical specifications, coupled with a competitive producer market. In the meanwhile, while working closely together with international standardization institutions and taking part in R&D projects, the pubic sector plays a different role, namely, as an entrepreneur, a catalyst, and a competent user, in the innovation process of the mobile telecommunication development. Key Words: Innovation, Sweden, Mobile Telecommunication, Public Sector, Ericsson, NMT, GSM

Finland has made considerable advances in generating a coordinated national innovation system and building its national technology strengths. According to Castells (2000), Finland has established itself as the first true information society, with one website per person, internet access in 100 % of school, a computer literacy campaign for adults, the largest diffusion of computer power and mobile telephone in the world, and a globally competitive information technology industry, spearheaded by Nokia. The purpose of this thesis is to study and define the high frequency of consultation, deliberation and effective linkage creation between Finnish Government, education system, research institutes and industry. The process begins with the recognition that in the knowledge-based economy, knowledge can be fostered to produce economic benefits and national wealth. The result of the thesis found that not only basic components like government, education system, research institutes, and industry, but also outside components, like international cooperation, human resource and culture, play very important roles while investigating the factors which help to facilitate and enforce Finland to develop its information society and national technology strength.

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The ability to design is the distinguishing characteristic of an engineer. Recent research has increased our understanding of both the engineering design process and effective means for teaching that process to neophyte design engineers. In that spirit, a design methodology was developed at the Institute for Innovation and Design in Engineering (IIDE), Texas A&M University. At the core of this approach is a design philosophy based on the cognitive skills of Abstraction, Critical Parameter Identification, and Questioning. This philosophy along with the design process is taught in the senior undergraduate design and graduate design courses. The goal of the methodology is not only to teach the design process to novice designers but also to instill in them the design philosophy that would enable them to perform design effectively and innovatively in any area of specialty. In this dissertation the design philosophy along with its role in the design methodology is explained. The Need Analysis and the Conceptual Design stages of the IIDE methodology are elaborated. The weaknesses in these stages are identified and addressed, by developing and incorporating design methods and techniques that fit the spirit and framework of the IIDE design methodology. The Object Function Method was developed to address certain aspects at the Need Analysis stage. There was need for an effective concept searching method within the Concept Design stage of the IIDE design methodology. This is addressed by the development of new search techniques and methods for effective concept discovery during concept searching. The usage and application of these methods and techniques is explained in detail along with examples. Additionally, this dissertation contains the results of a study conducted with two groups of senior design students, those who have been through the process and those who have not, to evaluate the effectiveness of applying the IIDE design philosophy and performing the Need Analysis and Conceptual Design stages for the given design challenge. The goal of the study was to investigate the relationship, if any, between the degree to which these aspects of the design methodology were followed and the quality of the resulting design solutions produced.

In the face of the transition of Chinese medicine, the older generation has idea of the older generation, younger generation have younger generation's ideas, a lot of thing mind to fault, just among evolution, like puppet show either, make a reservation in having traditional skill of history and culture, how should change, innovate, the feeling making the modern different, everybody has faced a lot of challenges and struggled. Facing it while making the transition, the yellow document is being selected and yellow and gentle and strong in the face of father Huang JunXiong, believe their conflict, believe it is unavoidable too, so when we see their only fresh and beautiful appearance, in fact privately, impact, agony they receive, it is person of us that watch, and the family and undertaking that I face, perhaps there are a lot of similar places with the thunderbolt puppet show. Traditional Chinese medicine has curative effect, but will not injure the body, have concept of keeping in good health, what institutes of Chinese medicine made present, let the people think it has history, educated, the modernization is managed, how then how the present Chinese medicine institutes it goes to innovate to let, let the people think it has history, educated, there is the modernization that is managed, represent the different vitality, in fact, these it is I that make for thesis spirit of research of me horse mere Chinese medicine medical development of network.

¡¨Corporate strategy¡¨ is not only argued and discussed by experts, but has even been adapted for practical applications by companies for a long time. Corporate Strategy deals with the what, when, and why; which when answered lead to policies and decisions. ¡§Blueocean strategy in business¡¨ has become the ¡§in¡¨ word these years. Yet ¡§Innovation¡¨ still is important, especially in a competitive market because entrepreneurs aim at leadership, if not at dominance of a new market or a new industry. Innovation is the specific tool entrepreneurs use to exploit change as an opportunity for a different business or a different service. Every practice rests on theory. This paper uses the case of GJ restaurant as the research subject because it is applying changes while it attempts to create something new and different for a new market. As GJ company grows and develops, it tries to satisfy every one and excel at consumer relationship management at the same time. GJ is always market-focused and market-driven .The company has made a new market for itself. The company will continue growing at a fast rate thanks to continuous innovation. The innovations employed by GJ have proven to be successful. Now the work will really begin .Industry and society in China is growing and changing at an incredible rate and management models are also changing with each passing day. So, it will be a challenge for the entrepreneur to continue innovating in this fluid environment.

The purpose of the study was to investiage the relationship among the organizational innovation¡Morganizational inertia and organizational effectiveness in elementary schools of Pingtung County¡MTaiwan. Survey research was adopted in this study. A quertionnaire concerning the issues of the three organizational variables was designed to assess teachers¡Mknowledges and attitudes concerning these issues . 509 elementary school teachers of Pingtung County¡MTaiwan were randomly selected as the sample of this study and responded to the questionnaire.The response rate was 84.5¢H. Teachers¡Aresponses were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential. Major findings of the study are as follows¡G 1¡BThe organizational innovation as seen by elementary teachers was above average in a 5-point measuring scale¡Mespecially in the area of¡§school activity innovation¡¨. 2¡BThe organizational inertia expressed by elementary teachers was below average ¡Qtheir sense of¡§procedure inertia¡¨was most susceptible. 3¡BThe degree of organizational effectiveness as perceived by elementary teachers was above average¡Mwith the perception of most favorable¡§school Climate¡¨. 4¡BSenior female elementary teachers with administrative roles in remote ¡Msmall and middle schools showed favorable attitudes toward schools¡Aorganizational innovation. 5¡BSenior elementary teachers with duties of student-advisers and teaching in big¡Murban schools perceived higher organizational inertia of schools. 6¡BSenior female teachers with education of graduation studies¡Mhaving administrative dutips¡Mand teaching in rural¡Mremote¡Msmall and middle schools¡Mpercewed higher school organizational effectiveness . 7¡BThe more positive the teachers, attitudes toward the school organizational innovation were¡Mthe lower their perception of organizational innovationwould be. 8¡BThe higher the teachers, feelings about school organizational inertia were¡Mthe lower their feelings about their school organizational effectiveness would be. 9¡BTeachers, positive attitudes toward school organizational innovation resulted in their perception of better school organizational effectiveness. 10¡BSchools, administrative innovation seemed to affect schools, organizational effectiveness. 11¡BOrganizational innovation and organizational inertia were the significant variables to predict school organizational effectiveness.

With the growing trend of globalization, the local OEM businesses in Taiwan are facing challenges from their global counterparts. This is mainly because the globalization results in the international specialization in production. The operation model based on the large-scale production to reduce the unit cost has to change because OEM business face dropping profits year by year and the profit is far less than that from the OBM. In addition, the counterparts in China and the other Southeast Asia countries grab the OEM market share with the low labor cost advantage. To address these challenges, many OEM manufacturers establish subsidiary companies overseas to reduce the production costs. Recent years, the information asymmetry between the customers and suppliers is on the decline due to the advance in Internet and information technology. As the OEM manufacturers can obtain the market information easily, the relationship among upper, middle and lower streams in the supply chain has also changed. The OEM manufacturers in Taiwan can try to set up a new business operation model and find out an optimum Internet marketing strategy in order to expand the market. New market can be created and new customers can be acquired through the Internet marketing. This study focuses on a new operation model of the target company that sells custom sports goods to global market directly through the Internet platform, and also analyzes the strategy and outcomes of developing global market through Internet marketing. This study can provide a new way of thinking for the Taiwan OEM manufacturers about their first leap into global market.

The most important thing for company to stay competitive is keeping innovative. When a new product launches to the market, you must keep developing another new product to move faster than the competitors. Besides, the human resource and equipment to develop new products must be a huge investment. The returns are not always guaranteed. Without R&D investment, the company will be out of competition in a short time.The employees always be encouraged to have innovative thinking with incentives. Sometimes, their creative ideas would bring unexpected effect and benefit the company. How does R&D personnel to have innovation? The purpose of the research is to understand the elements of innovation on R&D personnel. From the case company, Taiflex Scientific Co., Ltd, to have creative employees would bring tremendous benefits to the company. Every company would ask the R&D team to keep innovative and to develop new products continuously in order to be the leader in the market. If we can understand what the elements of the innovation, we can recruit creative personnel and speed up the development. While the company can launch new products quicker and raise up the company competitiveness, R&D team is the main weapon to fight the competitors. This is a case study of Taiflex Scientific Co., Ltd. There are 5 teams in the case company and all members are treated equally under same working environment and incentive policy. This study focus on the relationship between the innovative behavior of R&D personnel, also the team innovation performance and the influencing factors. The Purpose of the study is to understand the factors of the innovative behaviors on R&D persons and the relation between innovative team and performance. The factors are personality traits and KEYS. This study adopts Five Factor Model (Big Five) that includes Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness , Conscientiousness, on the personality traits. The study of organization factors adopts KEY structure. The result is concluded from questionnaire survey and interviews. The main factors on R&D innovation are personality traits, but team atmosphere would have only certain influence. From the case study, Openness to Experience and Extraversion have higher contribution to innovative behavior than Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. The freedom from the team atmosphere is the main factor for R&D personnel innovation. The challenging job is the second important factor. The case company shows that innovative team behavior has positive connection on R&D performance. The more creative team has better performance. Besides, personnel working experience and education would have certain effect. The purpose of the study is to know the requirements such as personality traits, working experience and education while recruiting R&D personnel. Then we can find the suitable person, have better performance and keep the company competitive.