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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Host plants, biology and chemical ecology of the introduced lily leaf beetle, Lilioceris lilii (scopoli) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) /

Ernst, Crystal M. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p.58-63). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.
2

Agromizídeos neotropicais : diversidade e uso de hospedeiras / Neotropical Agromyzidae : diversity, and host-plant use

Braun, Marina Reiter, 1977- 11 September 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Angelo Pires do Prado, Thomas Michael Lewinsohn / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:19:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Braun_MarinaReiter_D.pdf: 4685052 bytes, checksum: 6fca81032502f6931c9f8333e10b544b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Na presente tese foram descritas dez novas espécies de Agromyzidae endófagos de capítulos de Asteraceae. Essas espécies estão distribuídas nas duas subfamílias representadas nos gêneros Melanagromyza, Ophyomyia (Agromyzinae), Calycomyza e Liriomyza (Phytomyzinae). No gênero Melanagromyza, segundo maior da família, foram descritas sete novas espécies. Pela primeira vez foi encontrada nos gêneros Calycomyza, Liriomyza e Ophyomyia a herbivoria de capítulos de asteráceas. Além de aumentar o conhecimento sobre a diversidade do grupo, outra contribuição desta tese é a avaliação da especialização alimentar do grupo, que mantém o padrão da família com uma baixa proporção de generalistas. A partir dos dados de interação desses endófagos construímos uma rede de interações entre quinze espécies de Melanagromyza e suas plantas hospedeiras com o objetivo de avaliar sua estrutura de interações. Esta rede foi testada para investigar a existência de aninhamento e compartimentalização dessas interações. Outras questões investigadas foram a relação entre afinidade morfológica dos herbívoros e sua utilização de recursos, além do parentesco das plantas hospedeiras utilizadas pelas espécies de herbívoros. A estrutura de interações dessa rede possui um padrão bastante compartimentalizado, o que era esperado em interações de herbivoria entre insetos que apresentam alta especialização alimentar. Quanto aos efeitos do parentesco na estruturação da rede de interações, verificamos resultados diferentes para os insetos e as plantas. A classificação das espécies de Melanagromyza conforme sua morfologia genital não teve relação com o grupamento dos herbívoros análise de agrupamento bidirecional. Por outro lado, para as plantas, observamos grande concordância entre a classificação taxonômica das espécies e os grupos formados a partir da análise de agrupamento bidirecional / Abstract: This study describes ten new species of endophagous Agromyzidae of Asteraceae flower-heads. Those species belong to genera of the two subfamilies, respectively Melanagromyza, Ophyomyia (Agromyzinae), Calycomyza and Liriomyza (Phytomyzinae). In Melanagromyza, the second largest genus in the family, seven new species were described. Herbivory of Asteraceae flower-heads was recorded for the first time in Calycomyza, Liriomyza and Ophyomyia. Besides increasing the knowledge of agromyzid diversity, this study contributes to the evaluation of host range patterns in the family, which confirms that most agromyzids are specialized on a plant genus or tribe, with a small percentage of generalistic species. From the feeding records between endophages and their host plants we built an interaction matrix, in order to evaluate their interaction structure. The network shows both a nested and a compartmented pattern, suggesting a compound structure. The structure of the analyzed network has both a nested and a compartmented pattern. Compartmentation is expected for interactions between herbivore insects with such specialized feeding habits. In addition, other issues were investigated in this study: Do morphologically similar herbivore species use the same plants? Are plants used by the same herbivore species phylogenetically related? Regarding the family relationship based on the interactions structure, we found divergent results for insects and for plants. The categorization of Melanagromyza species based on their male genital morphology showed no relation with the herbivore groups based on their host use in a bidirectional cluster analysis. On the other hand, plants showed strong agreement between the taxonomic affinities of the species and the groups based on their shared herbivores in the bidirectional analysis / Doutorado / Ecologia / Doutor em Ecologia
3

Características estruturais de plantas determinam riqueza de espécies de formigas no Cerrado? / Do plant structural characteristics determine ant species richness in Cerrado?

Santos, Iracenir Andrade dos 22 February 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 392080 bytes, checksum: 69c47bf63021e90aa150dc1027afbea0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Species diversity is affected by some processes that operate in several spatial scales. In local scale the biological and physical interactions are extremely important for the process of diversity determination. The aim of this study was investigate whether structural characteristics of trees, such as crown architecture, bark rugosity and size of the plant, influence ant species diversity, testing the following hypotheses: 1) plants with higher bark rugosity have more ant species; 2) plants with thicker suber have more ant species; 3) plants with higher crown architecture have more ant species; and 4) larger plants have more ant species. The sampling was carried out with the use of pitfall traps in 120 plants, in four plots of Cerrado, in the FLONA of Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We sampled 73 ant species in 46 tree species. Ant species richness decreased with bark rugosity.Suber thickness, crown architecture, and plant size did not influence ant richness species in this cerrado area. We observed that the evaluation of local factors in very small spatial scales, such as plant structure, growth form, size and plots in which the plants are inserted, are fundamental to understand ant species richness in Cerrado. In this way, we suggest that the processes in small scales, such as structural characteristics and plant species, as well as resources, may be determinant factors of ant richness species in Cerrado environments. / A diversidade de espécies é afetada por vários processos que operam em diversas escalas espaciais. Em escala local, as interações biológicas e físicas são geralmente importantes para a determinação da diversidade, e neste aspecto as interações entre formigas e plantas são bastante estudadas. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar a importância de características estruturais das árvores, tais como arquitetura de copa, rugosidade de cascas e tamanho da planta, no padrão de ocorrência das comunidades de formigas arborícolas em cerrado, testando as seguintes hipóteses: 1) plantas com cascas mais rugosas têm maior riqueza de espécies de formigas; 2) plantas com súber mais espesso têm maior riqueza de espécies de formigas; 3) plantas com arquitetura de copas mais complexas têm maior riqueza de espécies de formigas; e 4) plantas maiores têm mais espécies de formigas. As coletas foram feitas com armadilhas do tipo pitfall em 120 plantas, distribuídas em quatro parcelas, no Cerrado da FLONA de Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram coletadas 73 espécies de formigas em 46 espécies de árvores. A rugosidade de casca teve uma relação significativa e inversa à riqueza de espécies de formigas. Assim, plantas com cascas mais rugosas apresentaram menor riqueza de espécies de formigas. Já a espessura do súber, a arquitetura de copa e o tamanho das plantas não foram significativos na riqueza de espécies de formigas nesta área de cerrado. Observamos que a avaliação de fatores locais em escalas muito pequenas, como estruturas das plantas, forma de crescimento, tamanho e as parcelas nas quais as plantas estão inseridas, são fundamentais para a compreensão do padrão de riqueza e distribuição das espécies de formigas no cerrado. Desse modo, sugerimos que os processos em pequenas escalas, tais como características estruturais e espécies das plantas, bem como recursos, sejam considerados como fatores importantes na riqueza de espécies de formigas em ambientes de cerrado.
4

Impacto de Tetranychus evansi, Tetranychus urticae e Tuta absoluta sobre a via das lipoxigenases do tomateiro e as proteases digestivas destes herbívoros / Impact of Tetranychus evansi, Tetranychus urticae and Tuta absoluta over the lipoxygenases pathway of tomato and digestive proteinases of these herbivores

Vargas, Manuel Antônio Solís 27 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 841800 bytes, checksum: 783321f8508db8b49dbbe62fa1a549c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The spider mite Tetranychus evansi interferes in the lipoxygenases pathway of plant defenses respond where are produced jasmonic acid that activates expressing genes of proteinase inhibitors which affect the capability of digest proteins in herbivores. The not PI induction ability of T. evansi promotes his performance and reproduction but other species too like the spider mite T. urticae. Until now, there has not been study how digestive enzyme activity of these and other herbivores could be affected by T. evansi interference in tomato defense respond neither which digestive enzymes are present in this particular plant- herbivore relation what became in our research objective. Tomato plants were infested with T. evansi, T. urticae or moth larvae Tuta absoluta, while some plants were infested with a combination of T.evansi with each one of the other species simultaneously. When T. evansi was in the same plant with T. urticae the defense respond by lipoxygenases pathway were induced and the proteinase inhibitors were equal that plants attacked by only T.urticae, and plants attacked by T. evansi and T. absoluta simultaneously. T. evansi oviposition rate were only affected in plants previously attacked by T. urticae. In plants previously attacked by the combination of herbivores or just T. absoluta the oviposition rate doesn t differs of rates in clean plants, despite of high PI concentration. This suggests that T. evansi performance is affected by PI but for T. urticae plant injuries and traces and T. evansi has to overcome more factors involved in food competition. Digestive enzymes profile suggest a higher serine than cysteine proteinase activity been mainly tripsyn-like proteinases. In spider mites, tripsyn-like proteinases increase when PI were higher, possible to overcome PI toxic effects plus a higher aminoacids demand in T. evansi when competes with T. urticae for food resources. The quimotripsyn-like proteinases seems to be sensible to PI and decrease with high tripsyn-like ativity. / O ácaro Tetranychus evansi interfere na resposta de defesa pela via das lipoxigenases do tomateiro, na qual ocorre a produção de ácido jasmônico que ativa os genes que expressam inibidores de proteases os quais afetam a capacidade dos herbívoros para digerir proteínas. Ao não induzir inibidores de proteases, T. evansi favorece o seu desenvolvimento e reprodução, mas também de outros herbívoros como T. urticae. Ate agora não tem sido demostrado quais enzimas digestivas e como a suas atividades em este e outros herbívoros podem ser afetados por essa interferência na reposta de defensa do tomateiro, o que consistiu em nosso objetivo de trabalho. Plantas de tomate foram infestadas com ácaros das espécies T. evansi, T. urticae e com a lagarta Tuta absoluta, outras foram infestadas com uma combinação de T. evansi com as outras duas espécies. Quando T. evansi esteve na mesma planta com T. urticae a reposta de defesa pela via das lipoxigenases foi induzida e a concentração de inibidores de proteases igual que a indução gerada por T. urticae, o mesmo quando T. evansi esteve junto com T. absoluta na planta. A oviposição de T. evansi foi afetada em plantas que foram infestadas unicamente com T. urticae, mas em plantas atacadas pela combinação de herbívoros ou unicamente por T. absoluta a oviposição não diferiu com aquela em plantas limpas, apesar das altas concentrações de IP. Isto sugere que a oviposição de T. evansi não é afetada só pelos IP, mas possivelmente pelos danos e rastros deixados por T. urticae nas folhas. O perfil das enzimas digestivas indica uma maior atividade de serino proteases que de cisteíno proteases, sendo as Tripsinas-like as de maior atividade. Nos ácaros as tripsinas incrementam com a concentração de IP, possivelmente pela necessidade de superar o efeito deletério destes e no caso de T. evansi de digerir mais aminoácidos quando compete com T. urticae. As quimotripsinas-like parecem ser mais sensíveis aos IP e diminuir com o incremento da atividade das tripsinas.
5

Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Biologie und Ökologie der räuberischen Weichwanze Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) / Investigaciones sobre la morfología, biología y ecología del mírido depredador Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) / Investigations of the morphology, biology and ecology of the predatory mirid bug Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae)

Voigt, Dagmar 15 January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Die paläarktische omnivore Weichwanze Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) zeichnet sich durch ein ausgesprochen breites Spektrum an besetzten Wirtspflanzen und konsumierten Beutetieren aus. Über 150 von D. errans akzeptierte Pflanzenarten sind erstmalig belegt worden. Der erfolgreiche Verzehr von 15 Beute-tierarten wurde quantitativ nachgewiesen. Eine weitere Besonderheit der Wanze besteht in der Präferenz für glandulär behaarte Pflanzen. Die Weichwanze besetzt somit von vielen anderen Insekten gemiedene Nischen. Untersuchungen im Botanischen Garten der Technischen Universität Dresden (2000 bis 2002) ließen auf eine bemerkenswerte räuberische Aktivität und Anpassungsfähigkeit an unterschiedliche Habitate, Beutetiere und Klimabedingungen schließen. Die fortführenden Studien im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation (2002 bis 2005) erbrachten umfassende Erkenntnisse über die Art D. errans im Hinblick auf deren Morphologie, Vermehrung und Haltung, Bionomie und Ökologie (Fekundität und Ontogenese in Abhängigkeit von ausgewählten Einflussfaktoren, Dormanz), Aufenthalt und Fortbewegung (räumliche Orientierung und strukturanalytische Studien zu den Interaktionen zwischen Wanze und Pflanzenoberflächen), den Nahrungserwerb (Verzehrleistung und Omnivorie) sowie Videodokumentationen der Lebensweise und des Verhaltens. Der Generalist und Opportunist D. errans integriert sich als Pflanzensaftsauger regulierendes Kompartiment neben echten Räubern und Parasitoiden in Biozönosen. Als omnivores Insekt übernimmt die Wanze eine intermediäre und supplementäre Position in Nahrungsnetzen. Die Lebensweise dieser Weichwanzenart erscheint sehr komplex. Die enge Assoziation mit Pflanzen tritt stark in den Vordergrund. Sie ist in jeglichen Betrachtungen von D. errans unbedingt zu berücksichtigen und bietet außerdem als ein Modellsystem ein spannendes Forschungsfeld im Hinblick auf die Adaptation partiell räuberisch lebender Insekten an behaarte Pflanzen. / The omnivorous mirid bug Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) lives on a wide range of host plants and feeds on various preys. Over 150 plant species accepted by the mirid bug have been identified. It was experimentally shown that 15 prey species are efficiently consumed. Another characteristical features of D. errans is that it preferes hairy plants. Thus, the mirid bug occupies unique niches avoided by many other insects. Investigations, carried out at the Botanical Garden of the Technical University of Dresden (2000-2002) gave evidence for a remarkable predatory activity and ability to adaptation to different habitats, preys and climate conditions. The studies presented in the dissertation (2002-2005) gave the comprehensive knowledge about the species D. errans, especially its morphology, rearing, bionomy and ecology (fecundity and ontogenesis depending on selected factors, dormancy), habitat preference and locomotion (spatial orientation and structural-analytical studies of the interactions between the bug and plant surfaces), foraging and food ingestion (predatory capacity and omnivory). In addition, video documentation of the modus vivendi and the behavior was performed. The generalist and opportunist D. errans lives together with predators and parasitoids and takes part in a biological control of phytophagous insects in biocenoses. The life history of this bug species appeared to be very complex. The close association to plants has to be considered. Dicyphus errans offers a model system for further research on omnivorous predatory insects connected with hairy plants.
6

Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Biologie und Ökologie der räuberischen Weichwanze Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae)

Voigt, Dagmar 08 November 2005 (has links)
Die paläarktische omnivore Weichwanze Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) zeichnet sich durch ein ausgesprochen breites Spektrum an besetzten Wirtspflanzen und konsumierten Beutetieren aus. Über 150 von D. errans akzeptierte Pflanzenarten sind erstmalig belegt worden. Der erfolgreiche Verzehr von 15 Beute-tierarten wurde quantitativ nachgewiesen. Eine weitere Besonderheit der Wanze besteht in der Präferenz für glandulär behaarte Pflanzen. Die Weichwanze besetzt somit von vielen anderen Insekten gemiedene Nischen. Untersuchungen im Botanischen Garten der Technischen Universität Dresden (2000 bis 2002) ließen auf eine bemerkenswerte räuberische Aktivität und Anpassungsfähigkeit an unterschiedliche Habitate, Beutetiere und Klimabedingungen schließen. Die fortführenden Studien im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation (2002 bis 2005) erbrachten umfassende Erkenntnisse über die Art D. errans im Hinblick auf deren Morphologie, Vermehrung und Haltung, Bionomie und Ökologie (Fekundität und Ontogenese in Abhängigkeit von ausgewählten Einflussfaktoren, Dormanz), Aufenthalt und Fortbewegung (räumliche Orientierung und strukturanalytische Studien zu den Interaktionen zwischen Wanze und Pflanzenoberflächen), den Nahrungserwerb (Verzehrleistung und Omnivorie) sowie Videodokumentationen der Lebensweise und des Verhaltens. Der Generalist und Opportunist D. errans integriert sich als Pflanzensaftsauger regulierendes Kompartiment neben echten Räubern und Parasitoiden in Biozönosen. Als omnivores Insekt übernimmt die Wanze eine intermediäre und supplementäre Position in Nahrungsnetzen. Die Lebensweise dieser Weichwanzenart erscheint sehr komplex. Die enge Assoziation mit Pflanzen tritt stark in den Vordergrund. Sie ist in jeglichen Betrachtungen von D. errans unbedingt zu berücksichtigen und bietet außerdem als ein Modellsystem ein spannendes Forschungsfeld im Hinblick auf die Adaptation partiell räuberisch lebender Insekten an behaarte Pflanzen. / The omnivorous mirid bug Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) lives on a wide range of host plants and feeds on various preys. Over 150 plant species accepted by the mirid bug have been identified. It was experimentally shown that 15 prey species are efficiently consumed. Another characteristical features of D. errans is that it preferes hairy plants. Thus, the mirid bug occupies unique niches avoided by many other insects. Investigations, carried out at the Botanical Garden of the Technical University of Dresden (2000-2002) gave evidence for a remarkable predatory activity and ability to adaptation to different habitats, preys and climate conditions. The studies presented in the dissertation (2002-2005) gave the comprehensive knowledge about the species D. errans, especially its morphology, rearing, bionomy and ecology (fecundity and ontogenesis depending on selected factors, dormancy), habitat preference and locomotion (spatial orientation and structural-analytical studies of the interactions between the bug and plant surfaces), foraging and food ingestion (predatory capacity and omnivory). In addition, video documentation of the modus vivendi and the behavior was performed. The generalist and opportunist D. errans lives together with predators and parasitoids and takes part in a biological control of phytophagous insects in biocenoses. The life history of this bug species appeared to be very complex. The close association to plants has to be considered. Dicyphus errans offers a model system for further research on omnivorous predatory insects connected with hairy plants.

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