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Diss.--Turku, 1997. / Glossaire p. 266-277. Bibliogr. p. 219-230.

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Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Introduction: The objective of this study was to develop a regression equation to estimate weight of black male paraplegic South African subjects. Very few institutions in South Africa have wheel chair scales and very few paraplegic persons know what their weight is. People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are reported to have an increased risk to develop obesity and diseases of lifestyle. It is therefore important to monitor the nutritional status of these patients to prevent and treat the above diseases effectively. The aim was to develop an equation that incorporates variables or measurements that do not require a high level of skill and experience to be determined. The equipment needed for the determination of the measurements should also be easily accessible, for example a tape measure rather than a skin-fold caliper.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pita_apg_me_arafo.pdf: 1343359 bytes, checksum: 231da834e04239550cc1df3e47d0e61b (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Considerando a importância do controle de infecção cruzada nos consultórios odontológicos, a vasta utilização de fresas de aço inoxidável/carbeto de tungstênio (carbide) e o receio dos cirurgiões dentistas em esterilizar esses instrumentos devido ao risco de danificá-los, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, comparativamente, o efeito de alguns métodos de esterilização, preconizados pela literatura e pelo Ministério da Saúde, sobre a eficiência de corte de fresas carbide. Os métodos de esterilização empregados foram: estufa, autoclave e forno de microondas; as marcas comerciais das fresas foram: Komet e S.S. White; e o tempo de aplicação desses instrumentos, em esmalte dental bovino, variou de 12 a 60 minutos. Para coleta dos dados, foram realizados testes gravimétricos e acompanhamento visual das fresas, após estas terem sido submetidas às diferentes condições experimentais. A análise dos resultados permitiu observar que ocorreu perda de eficiência de corte ao longo do tempo de utilização. Observou-se também que a partir de 60 minutos de aplicação em esmalte dental bovino, a eficiência de corte reduziu a 50% dos níveis iniciais. O efeito da esterilização foi diferente entre as marcas comerciais, sendo que cada uma se comportou de maneira diversa, em relação à quantidade de ciclos aplicados. Porém, a durabilidade total dos instrumentos não diferiu entre as marcas comerciais ou entre os métodos de esterilização aplicados. Considerando-se a importância e a responsabilidade do cirurgião dentista, quanto ao controle de infecção cruzada no ambiente do consultório odontológico, e comparando-se aos resultados relativos à durabilidade, evidenciados neste trabalho, pode-se afirmar que a utilização de métodos de esterilização, pode e deve ser adotada com segurança para esterilização de fresas carbide. / Dental burs inevitably become contaminated and the rotary cutting instruments as well as other instruments used in the treatment of patients must be sterilized after use by means of techniques that assure the asepsis, without damaging the instruments and its effectiveness, thus making possible its reuse. Concerning the importance of the control of infection crossed in the deontological clinicians further than the vast use of tungsten carbide burs and the distrust of the dentists in sterilized these instruments this study evaluated the effect of time usage (60 minutes) and sterilization (dry heat, vapor under pressure and energy for microwaves) over the cutting efficiency of carbide burs of two commercial brands. Gravimetrical tests were used for evaluation of the cutting efficiency and the visual acoompaniment of the burs was made along the test. It could be observed that the sterilization influenced in the cutting efficiency of the instruments, as well as the use time. From 60 minutes of application of the burs in the bovine dental enamel the cut efficiency were reduced at levels 50% minors when compared to the initial levels. These influences were different between instruments of the two commercial brands. Based on these results, it may be concluded that the effects of sterilization on cutting efficiency of carbide burs depends upon the composition of instruments and repeated cycles.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Resumo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito de métodos de esterilização físicos e químico sobre a eficiência de corte de fresas carbide. Sessenta fresas da marca S.S. White foram utilizadas para o desgaste de vidro (30 mm X 30 mm X 10 mm) e divididas em cinco grupos experimentais em função do tratamento realizado: E1 - esterilização em autoclave, E2 - esterilização em estufa, E3 - esterilização em forno de microondas, E4 - esterilização em substância química e E0 - ausência de esterilização (controle). Com o auxílio de um aparelho padronizador de desgaste, as fresas foram utilizadas para o desgaste do vidro em um total de 30 minutos divididos em doze períodos de 2,5 minutos. Após cada 2,5 minutos de uso, as fresas foram limpas com escova de nylon sob água corrente e secas com jatos de ar e, em seguida, submetidas as seus respectivos tratamentos. A eficiência de corte das fresas foi determinada pela perda de massa do vidro, que teve sua massa aferida antes e após cada período de desgaste. A soma ( ? ) da quantidade de desgaste realizado por cada fresa após os 12 ciclos de uso foi calculada e utilizada para se determinar a eficiência de corte após 30 minutos de uso. Os valores da ? foram submetidos à análise estatística pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Dunn. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos experimentais foram verificadas (p<0,05). De acordo com os resultados, entre os métodos de esterilização avaliados, o uso o calor seco foi responsável pelo melhor desempenho das fresas, ao contrário da utilização de glutaraldeído, que foi considerado o pior método de esterilização. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of physical and chemical sterilization methods on the cutting effectiveness of carbide burs. Sixty S.S. White burs were used to cut glass plates (30 mm X 30 mm X 10 mm) and subjected to the following procedures: S1 - sterilization by autoclave; S2 - sterilization by dry heat; S3 - sterilization by microwave irradiation; S4 - sterilization by chemical substance and S0 - no sterilization (control group). The burs were used to cut glass plates in a cutting machine for twelve 2.5-minute periods. After each period, the burs were cleaned with a nylon brush under running water, dried with air spray (40 seconds), and then subjected to their procedures respectively. The cutting effectiveness was calculated by the weight loss of the glass which was weighed before and after each 2.5-minute period. The sum ( ? ) of the cutting amount performed by each bur after twelve cycles of use were calculated and used to determine the cutting effectiveness after 30 minutes of use. The ? values were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallisþs and Dunnþs tests. Statistical differences among the experimental groups were observed (p <.05). According to the results, among the sterilization methods, the use of dry heat was responsible for the best carbide burs performance and, the use of glutaraldehyde was responsible for the worst burs performance. / Orientador: Gelson Luis Adabo / Coorientador: Lígia Antunes Pereira Pinelli / Banca: Regina Helena Barbosa Tavares da Silva / Banca: Daniela Atili Brandini / Mestre

The war effort of the United Kingdom and the subsequent restrictions and laws enforced by the Government during the Second World War time period had a significant impact on the British piano industry. The skilled work force, factories, and raw materials previously used to produce pianos became integral to the war effort, while production of non-necessities and luxury items, such as pianos, was limited and eventually ceased. In order to limit production and divert material and labour to the war effort, debilitating restrictions, company consolidation, and prohibitive taxation came into effect. This forced many piano manufacturers to seek out war production contracts, while those who were not able to secure these contracts had to relinquish their factories and employees, rely on revenue from repair work, or completely close down during the war years. This thesis is the first extensive study of the impact of the Second World War on the British piano industry. Through an examination of the laws and regulations passed by the British Government during and immediately following the war years, a better understanding of the war’s effect on the entire industry will be established and a timeline of the various restrictions placed on piano manufacturing will be presented. This timeline highlights (1) the Government’s desire to stop piano manufacturing in order to divert labour and materials to the war effort, (2) the effect of Government restrictions on the piano industry, (3) the industry’s struggle to convert to war work, and (4) the impact of the war in the post-war years. Archival documents from both the piano industry and the Board of Trade elucidate the difficult situation faced by the industry and the effort of the Government both to stop piano production and to help the industry restart in the post-war era. The goal of the paper is to show the lasting effects of the war on the British piano industry and to argue that the British Government’s treatment of the piano industry during the war era hastened its eventual demise.