Orientador: Yuzo Iano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T14:39:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bertan_HiltonHenrique_M.pdf: 3172256 bytes, checksum: d2360855eab8586655078c1c81464461 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Uma esfera integradora e suas propriedades foram estudadas a fim de se obter um padrão de referência em medição de potência óptica. Este trabalho apresenta pesquisas realizadas em laboratórios nacionais e internacionais. As medições com uma esfera foram comparadas com as de um medidor de potência óptica padrão de um laboratório de calibração brasileiro e com equipamentos de um laboratório de medições ópticas europeu. Os resultados indicaram que a esfera integradora em questão apresenta uma incerteza de medição menor e, portanto, pode ser usada como padrão de referência. Este trabalho também tem como finalidade mostrar que é possível elaborar um procedimento de escolha de um novo equipamento padrão utilizando-se recursos e equipamentos limitados disponíveis no laboratório / Abstract: We have studied an integrating sphere and its properties for application as a reference standard in optical power measurement. This work shows the researches made in national and international laboratories. We have compared the measurements of a sphere with the standard optical power meter of a Brazilian calibration laboratory and with equipments of a European optical measurement laboratory. The results indicate that the integrating sphere can be used as a reference standard, because its measurement uncertainty is small. This work also has the purpose to show that a procedure for the choice of new standard equipment is reliable using resources and equipment commonly available in a laboratory / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

O presente trabalho contribui para a discussão e aplicação dos Instrumentos Econômicos (IEs) na gestão dos recursos hídricos, em especial a cobrança sobre usos da água, consideradas suas distintas possibilidades de implementação e metodologias aplicáveis. Foram analisadas algumas experiências internacionais e brasileiras no trato com os IEs e identificados os objetivos da utilização desses instrumentos nos respectivos sistemas de gestão. Essa análise revelou que, em determinados casos, a atuação dos IEs é descaracterizada pois não é atendido o objetivo precípuo desses instrumentos, qual seja, o incentivo ao uso adequado dos recursos hídricos. Para ilustrar a aplicação da cobrança sobre usos da água como instrumento econômico de gestão é utilizada a metodologia de SOUZA (1995). Foram realizadas simulações no reservatório de Salto Grande (Americana, SP) para os seguintes anos: 2000, 2005 e 2010. Os resultados indicam que a sazonalidade e os investimentos previstos para o controle de descargas poluentes influenciam, de maneira significativa, os valores cobrados nos cenários simulados. / The present work contributes to the discussion and application of economic instruments (EIs) for water management, especially water charging, considering their different implementation possibilities and applicable methodologies. Some international and Brazilian experiences about EIs were analyzed and identified the objectives of the use of these instruments at their respective water management systems. This analysis shows that, in some cases, the EIs loose its real features because the main objective of the instruments - the incentive of sustainable water use - is not satisfied. The work shows an application of water charges as management economic instrument, based on SOUZA (1995). Simulations were made in Salto Grande reservoir (Americana, SP) for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. The results indicate that sazonability and foreseen investments for the pollutant discharge control are of great influence the charged value on the simulated scenarios.

Orientador: Stelamaris Rolla Bertoli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:37:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thomazelli_Rodolfo_M.pdf: 57345196 bytes, checksum: 3da9f24b7c1ff80c9e4ffefcf62d51ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A impedância acústica é um dos conceitos importantes para o estudo da propagação de ondas sonoras em dutos, pois por meio de sua determinação, outros parâmetros acústicos são obtidos. É um espectro em freqüências, e pode ser obtida experimentalmente através de um medidor de impedância acústica. Na presente pesquisa foi construído e validado um medidor de impedância acústica. Como objeto de estudo foi utilizados os pífanos - instrumentos de sopro da família das flautas. Dentre os métodos experimentais indicados na literatura, optou-se pelo uso do TMTC (Two Microphones Three Calibrations), devido à acessibilidade aos requisitos práticos e a possibilidade de investigação das flautas. Foram feitas medidas de impedância de dois dutos cilíndricos, de diferentes comprimentos e diâmetros internos constantes, cujos resultados foram comparados com modelos teóricos (etapa de validação). Determinou-se também a impedância acústica de três pífanos de afinações distintas. Da análise dos resultados, verificou-se a eficácia do método adotado e do aparato construído para a investigação da impedância acústica de dutos simples e, em especial, dos pífanos. Discutiu-se também aspectos importantes da construção do aparato, em termos da acessibilidade e complexidade / Abstract: The acoustical impedance is one of the indissociable factors in the studies of sound wave propagation in ducts, once its measuring provides other acoustical parameters. Its values are frequencydependent and can be determined with the use of an acoustical impedance spectrometer. For this research an acoustical impedance spectrometer was designed and validated. The research focused on a Brazilian woodwind instrument called "pífano", from the flute family. The experimental method known as TMTC (Two Microphones Three Calibrations) was chosen, for it provides easy access to practical needs and has wide capacity to interact with flutes. The spectrum from two cylindrical ducts were taken, each duct with a different length but equal inner diameters. The spectrum of three "pífanos" with different tunings, was also measured. The results from the cylindrical ducts were later compared to theoretical models (validation stage). From the results it was possible to ascertain the efficiency of the adopted method and apparatus built to investigate acoustical impedance of regular ducts and "pífano" flutes. Other important aspects of the process of building the apparatus were also discussed, in terms of accessibility and complexity / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the Myofascial Diagnostic Scale, for its inter-examiner reliability and to assess its reliability and validity as an assessment tool in the diagnosis and treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome. / M

The aim of this study, is to describe and analyse the sense making processes that are supposed to lead to music understanding among students at an upper secondary school with a fine arts program in music. In focus for my study is the teachers and the students’ lifeworld inside this program. I want to find out more about their thoughts in words and action, and in what different ways the interaction between the teachers and students takes place. Of interest is also the interaction between the students themselves. The method I have chosen for this qualitative study is based on observations of some music lessons. As a complementary to the observations, I have also performed interviews with two teachers and six of the students that are studying their last year at this music program. The selection of the informants is limited to only this group of students and their teachers. The observations and the interviews took place during autumn 2017. My idea to choose this group of student informants at the age of 19, is that they probably have a greater experience of music education compared to younger students. And that they more easily can describe their music understanding and development. Some conclusions I have made from this study, is that many of the students I interviewed connects music learning to a musical instrument. It seems that they don’t value knowledge in singing as a tool to develop music skills. Through the diversity of music topics, the students are studying during their three years in this music program, it seems every individual acquires a good general knowledge of music.

University of Macau / Faculty of Science and Technology / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Legal instruments of the protection of water quality - Abstract The purpose of my thesis is to analyse a system of legal instruments of protection of quality ground and surface water. The reason for my research is fact that quality of water has an impact not only on every human being but also on the whole planet Earth because there is no life without it. The thesis is composed of six parts - introduction, four main chapters and conclusion, each of them dealing with different aspects of water protection. Short introduction outlines total amount of water and main problems lie with the actual amount of fresh water and quality of this water. Chapter One defines major sources of pollution which are point, non-point and emergency sources of pollution. The next two parts of this chapter contain actual state of quality both surface and ground water in Czech Republic. Chapter Two concentrate on relevant international, European and Czech legislation in water protection. The chapter consists of three parts. Part One focuses on international law which is based on bilateral and multilateral treaties. Part Two investigates the European Union water law with focusing on primary and secondary sources of law. Part Three looks at Czech water law. Chapter Three is subdivided into two parts and provides an outline of main aims...

M.Sc. (Geology) / This study involves the quantitative analysis of fluorspar-containing slurries by two X-ray diffraction methods, whereby these two methods of on-stream analysis are compared. The first method involves a single counter with a diffracted beam monochromator, and the second method involves a fixed geometry with an incident beam monochromator. The second method is a cheaper and more robust apparatus, which can withstand the harsh environment of the flotation plants. A new algorithm was developed for a more accurate calibration method. Programmes for calibration, recalibration and measuring of unknown samples were developed. The measuring apparatus was interfaced with a microcomputer for computerised operation of the system. Results from both methods were comparable, with more accurate results obtained for the feed and tailings than for the concentrate samples. The single detector apparatus can thus be replaced by the fixed geometry model, which is less expensive and more robust.

M.Ing. / The aim of this project is to research the feasibility of an all-fibre laser distance measurement device that utilises a figure-eight fibre laser (F8L), in the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) configuration, as a light source and implements pulse compression to improve the accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio of the system. A figure-eight fibre laser in the NALM configuration for use in a laser distance measurement device is described. The theory of fibre lasers is discussed, including mode-locking and Qswitching, and the characteristics of a NALM loop are analysed. By varying the length of the NALM loop from 500 m to 2000 m or inserting highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fibre, a variety of pulses in the picosecond to nanosecond range can be produced. The lengths of the pulses depend on the length of the NALM loop, the pump power and the setting of the polarisation controllers. The figure-eight fibre laser is pumped with a 980 nm laser diode up to 550 mA, which corresponds to 320 mW. Distance measurements are done with short unmodulated and long modulated pulses. Distance measurement with short unmodulated pulses is discussed only briefly and tested with a simple experiment. The focus of this project is distance measurement with long modulated pulses. A low autocorrelated binary sequence is modulated onto one of the long pulses produced by the figure-eight fibre laser by an electro-optic amplitude modulator. The long pulse gives the proposed system a good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), while the modulation improves the accuracy. A Barker code of length 13 is proposed as modulation code because of its good autocorrelation properties. The Barker code will improve the accuracy 13-fold, with a corresponding increase in SNR. An electro-optic amplitude modulator is used to implement the modulation. The modulated long pulse is then sent to a target. After reflection, the signal is detected and cross-correlated to obtain the time-of-flight for the pulse. The code generation and cross-correlation are implemented with an FPGA via VHDL programming. The distance to a target can be calculated by knowing the time-of-flight and the speed of light in the propagation medium. In this project the resolution, single-shot precision, accuracy, linearity, repeatability and maximum unambiguous distance of the proposed all-fibre laser distance measurement device are examined.

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