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Climate change is increasingly recognised as a threat to security by having implications on national defence and human wellbeing. Due to the transnational nature of climate change and its security implications, intergovernmental organisations (IGO:s) have become prominent actors in addressing such risks. However, little is known about the practical management of climate security implications within IGO:s and in particular to what extent policymakers fromdifferent organisations partake in integrated governance. Thus, to contribute to this research gap, my study aims to assess the potential for integrated governance. More specifically, the integration across the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) is examined, as these are key actors within the international community which have established an agenda addressing climate security risks. The study is a content analysis of policy documents from each IGO. I investigated the potential for integrated governance by using an analytical scheme that examines preconditions, targets of policy actions and efforts of cross community interactions. The results indicate that there is potential for integrated governance between NATO and the EU and that policy makers from these IGO:s acknowledge the importance of one another in the management of climate security risks. Taken together, these results contribute to new insights on climate security governance by examining the current relevance of integration and by identifying areas for further cooperation.

Title of the thesis: The relation of money laundering and tax evasion in theory and legislation Abstract The thesis deals with the relation of money laundering and tax evasion, predominantly in the international context, because both of these activities are very often organized intentionally in several countries. This makes it difficult to detect and punish them and requires close cooperation between states, both in setting the rules and in enforcing them. It is the international soft-law and hard-law rules that significantly affect national regulation. Therefore, the thesis focuses on those and also on regional instruments within the EU. After describing the development of the two areas' regulation and its gradual intertwining, the thesis discusses the similarities and differences that feature the two areas and identifies the problems and challenges the international community is facing when tackling the two problems - reactive regulation lagging behind, slow implementation and complicated international cooperation, difficulty in measuring the problems (and the associated potential inefficiency in spending resources to fight them) as well as the challenges posed by the flourishing information technology. Possible solutions are proposed in the form of adjusting some aspects of soft law as well as...

The article discusses the current state and potential of the Transcaspian Route, a transport route connecting Asia and Europe via Kazakhstan and the Caspian Sea. The route is intended as an alternative to the classic transport corridor through Russia, which became unfeasible due to the consequences of the war in Ukraine. The inductive qualitative research, where eight in-depth interviews with logistics service providers and political stakeholders along the route were conducted, explores four fields of action: Political Framework, Infrastructure, Cooperation, and Technology. The findings will offer guidance to policymakers, investors, and researchers for further developing and improving the usability of the route as a transportation alternative.

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