Cancer is one of the most common long-term conditions for adults between 25 and 64 years, an age where it is probable to live with children under 18 years at home. This systematic literature review aims to de-scribe children’s everyday life, when one parent has cancer, and the interventions these children need. Previous studies have already agreed on the importance of this field, although there is still limited research. Eleven articles have been extracted from four different databases, following inclusion criteria and a quality assessment procedure, designed by the author. A qualitative content analysis has been developed through categorisation of relevant findings. Results describe, on one hand, children’s everyday life when a parent has cancer, and on the other hand interventions to cover the new needs those children might experience. Children’s mental health can undergo negative emotions and behaviour modification, also a higher ten-dency of children’s social isolation, as well as financial issues that modify children’s everyday life leisure activities, and variations in family functioning with family distress. Interventions to support children’s new needs must focus on psychological, peer, financial and family supports. Coping skills and a fluent communication within the family functioning are indispensable to promote a positive children’s everyday life when a parent has cancer. Limited information about financial and school interventions need to be remedied in future researches.

Literature review: Background: Military-related stressors can adversely affect veterans’ mental health, in particular PTSD. This can have a detrimental impact on intimate relationships and family adjustment. To date, couple based interventions for PTSD and relational functioning in military couples have not been systematically reviewed. Objectives: This review summarises and synthesises literature investigating couple based interventions for PTSD and relational functioning in military couples. Method: A systematic review of all literature to date across 24 databases using an advanced combination of search terms. Ten studies were included (nine USA; one Australian). Results: A wide range of couple based interventions were identified: complementary and alternative therapies (CAM), sport and recreation programmes, retreats, courses as well as structured disorder focused couple therapies. There was preliminary evidence of support for couple based interventions treating PTSD, with relatively stronger support for disorder focused couple therapies over sports and recreation activities, CAM and retreats/courses. There was relatively little support for improved relational functioning assessed in couple based interventions treating PTSD. However, spouses tended to report a greater degree of improved relational functioning compared to veterans. Conclusions: There was relatively stronger evidence to support disorder focused couple therapies over other treatment modalities. However, there was a lack of robust designs used in effectiveness research of couple based interventions in military populations. There is potential for couple based interventions to be effective in treating PTSD in the UK military. Empirical study: Objective: Deployment to the armed conflicts in Afghanistan (Operation HERRICK/Enduring Freedom) and Iraq (Operation TELIC/Iraqi Freedom) can adversely affect the physical and mental health of those deployed. This study explored the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the mediating effect of maladaptive emotional regulation strategies (MERS) and the effect of cause of injury (no injury, blunt force related or blast force related) in UK military veterans. Methods: 16 month longitudinal follow-up was conducted on a sample of 123 veterans (Murphy et al., 2015). Regression based secondary data analyses investigated the mediating effects of MERS (n=116) whilst correlational analyses explored the effect of injury mechanism on the relationship between TBI severity and PTSD severity (n=29). Results: Findings revealed support for the role of anger in mediating the effect that TBI severity had on PTSD severity. There was no support that the mechanism of injury was associated with greater reporting of psychological symptoms (anger, alcohol use or PTSD) or that MERS influenced the association between TBI severity and PTSD recovery at 16 month follow-up. Conclusion: Findings contribute to the understanding of how anger may underlie the relationship between TBI severity and PTSD severity, i.e., TBI severity was positively associated with PTSD scores and this effect operated due to increased TBI severity leading to higher rates of expressed anger which in turn increased PTSD symptoms. Future research using larger samples is required to further understand how the complicating factors of MERS and cause of physical injury affect outcome in veterans with co-occurring TBI and PTSD.

Bakgrund Sjuksköterskor är utsatta för stress då de i yrket möter stressorer som ingår i arbetets natur. Mindfulness minskar stress utan farmakologiska läkemedel, och det finns flera interventionsmetoder som kan anpassas efter var grupps unika behov. Sjukvården behöver hitta metoder för att stärka sjuksköterskornas hälsa, då forskning visar att stressade sjuksköterskor utför vård av lägre säkerhet och kvalitet än sjuksköterskor med låg stressnivå. Dessutom orsakar de negativa konsekvenserna av stress stort lidande för sjuksköterskan och höga kostnader på individ-, arbetsgivar-, och samhällsnivå. Syfte  Syftet var att undersöka hur mindfulness påverkar sjuksköterskor med stressymptom. Metod Induktiv litteraturöversikt i vilken artiklar med kvantitativ metodik sammanställdes. Artiklar söktes i databaserna Cinahl och PsychArticles, analyserades enligt Fribergs femstegsmodell och sammanställdes i en tabell.  Resultat Artiklarna visade att mindfulness har statistiskt signifikant effekt oavsett interventionsmetod, om sjuksköterskorna får vägledning. Oönskade stressymptom minskade, och sjuksköterskornas KASAM ökade genom att symptom som ökar en individs förmåga att uppleva begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet ökade. Slutsats Mindfulness ökar KASAM och flera parametrar av hälsa hos sjuksköterskor med stressymptom, och kan hjälpa sjuksköterskor att hantera stressorer som är svåra eller omöjliga att eliminera i deras yrke. / Background Nurses are under stress since, in their occupation, they deal with stressors which are parts of the workcontent. Mindfulness decreases stress without pharmacological drugs and there are several methods to practice mindfulness in, which may be adapted to the unique needs of each group. The healthcare need to find methods to strengthen the health of nurses, since research show nurses under stress perform care of lower safety and quality to the patients, than those unstressed. Besides, the negative consequences of stress cause great suffering for the nurse, and high costs at individual, employer and societal level.  Aim The aim was to examine how mindfulness affects nurses with stress symptoms.  Method An inductive literature review in which articles of quantitative design were compiled. Articles were searched for in the databases of Cinahl and PsychArticles, analyzed according to the Fivesteps-modell of Fribergs and compiled into a chart.   Results  The articles showed mindfulness has statistically significant effect regardless of method, if the nurses obtain guidance. Unwanted stress symptoms decreased, and the nurses´ KASAM increased by the increase of symptoms strengthening an individual´s ability to experience comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness.  Conclusion Mindfulness increases KASAM and several parameters of health for nurses suffering from stress sympthoms, and may help nurses to handle stressors which are difficult or impossible to eliminate in their occupation.

Group contingencies are efficient and effective behavioral interventions that allow teachers to apply a reinforcement criterion to a large group of students. However, most research on group contingencies has not examined the impact of types of teacher feedback and student choice of teacher feedback incorporated into the use of group contingencies. The current study used a multiple baseline across participants design with an embedded alternating treatments design to explore the use of an interdependent group contingency that compared the effectiveness of incorporating auditory or visual feedback to improve student on-task behavior of three students in public elementary school classrooms. The study also explored whether incorporating student choice into the feedback would enhance the outcomes for student behavior. The results indicated that the interdependent group contingency intervention was successful in increasing the on-task behavior of all three participants. The results also indicated that while both auditory and visual feedback were effective in increasing on-task behavior of all three students, two of the students engaged in slightly higher levels of on-task behavior when auditory feedback was used. When students were given the option to choose which type of feedback would be used, two of the three students favored auditory feedback over visual feedback, and on-task behaviors maintained for all three participants. These results have implications for the use of auditory feedback and choice in the classroom setting as part of a group contingency.

134 f.:il / Submitted by JURANDI DE SOUZA SILVA (jssufba@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-22T12:54:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 2.pdf: 5159994 bytes, checksum: 5d5e4b791a89b0cd597d4a1df0509457 (MD5) dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 1.pdf: 2475806 bytes, checksum: 9818245bc9ee705d1c10c927a2edade6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lêda Costa(lmrcosta@ufba.br) on 2013-04-18T12:28:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 2.pdf: 5159994 bytes, checksum: 5d5e4b791a89b0cd597d4a1df0509457 (MD5) dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 1.pdf: 2475806 bytes, checksum: 9818245bc9ee705d1c10c927a2edade6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-18T12:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 2.pdf: 5159994 bytes, checksum: 5d5e4b791a89b0cd597d4a1df0509457 (MD5) dissertacaobeneditosantanapt 1.pdf: 2475806 bytes, checksum: 9818245bc9ee705d1c10c927a2edade6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A presente pesquisa, desenvolvida no Mestrado em Artes Visuais da Escola de Belas Artes – UFBA - na linha de Processos Criativos, aborda os aspectos teóricos e práticos voltados para as intervenções artísticas realizadas nos espaços abertos/fechados da urbe. A relevância dessas intervenções nos espaços públicos se apresenta como forma de ressignificar uma estética do cotidiano. O trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma reflexão acerca do poder simbólico, do controle e vigilância na paisagem urbana, assim como sobre as relações sócio-espaciais fragmentadas diante da demarcação territorial e das fronteiras codificadas pelos impedimentos: espaciais, visuais e corporais. O olhar do artista contemporâneo se apropria, assim, desses espaços e estabelece suas ações no sentido de ampliar uma discussão em torno das imagens e dos objetos que o cerca, possibilitando mudanças na paisagem urbana tanto no contexto social quanto na percepção desse mesmo contexto. / Salvador

The use of antiretroviral therapy resulted in the improved indicators for morbidity, mortality and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. On the other hand, it contributed to HIV infection becaming a disease of chronic character evolution and potentially controllable. Before the development of this chronic profile given by the disease today, other challenges arose determining the need for new professional practices related to health care for people living with HIV/AIDS. Most studies pointed to the need to elaborate strategies aimed at comprehensive care for people living with HIV/AIDS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of applying an Individual Pharmaceutical Plan to improve the care of people living with HIV/AIDS. A survey was conducted from the medical records enrolled at the Medication Dispensing Unit from a Specialized Care Service on interventions and the results of viral load and CD4+ exams carried out by the application of the Individual Pharmaceutical Plan for a period of 12 months in patients on antiretroviral therapy. It was found that all 105 patients with the Individual Pharmaceutical Plan required interventions together with a multidisciplinary team for that service, totaling 1426 interventions. In the first 4 months after the implementation of the Plan (88.6%) achieved virological control and increase in the average CD4+ (557.73) cells, and in subsequent months eighth to 12º all patients maintained virological control and increase in the average CD4+ (604.16) cells, and (654.70) having a statistically significant difference before and after the application of the Plan in the three phases of evaluation. It was concluded that the interventions made from the Individual Pharmaceutical Plan allowed for the identification and solution of problems according to the individual needs of the patients and the interventions also provided a viral suppression and sustained immunologic improvement such that the results show that the implementation Individual Pharmaceutical Plan contributed to the improvement of care and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS, would also contribute in promoting adherence to treatment. / O emprego da terapia antirretroviral resultou na melhora dos indicadores de morbidade, de mortalidade e da qualidade de vida das pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. Por outro lado, contribuiu para que a infecção pelo HIV se tornasse uma doença de caráter crônico evolutivo e potencialmente controlável. Diante do desenvolvimento desse perfil crônico assumido pela doença na atualidade, surgem outros desafios determinando a necessidade de novas práticas profissionais relacionadas aos cuidados de saúde das pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. A maioria dos estudos aponta para a necessidade de elaboração de estratégias direcionadas para o cuidado integral das pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados da aplicação de um Plano Individual Farmacêutico para melhorar o cuidado das pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. Foi realizado um levantamento em 105 prontuários cadastrados em uma Unidade Dispensadora de Medicamentos de um Serviço de Assistência Especializada sobre intervenções e resultados de exames Carga Viral e CD4+ realizados a partir da aplicação de um Plano Individual Farmacêutico por um período de 12 meses em pacientes em terapia antirretroviral. Verificou-se que todos os 105 pacientes acompanhados pelo Plano Individual Farmacêutico necessitaram de intervenções junto à equipe multidisciplinar do referido serviço, totalizando 1426 intervenções. Nos 04 primeiros meses após a aplicação do Plano (88,6%) obtiveram Carga Viral indetectável e aumento na média de células CD4+ (557,73) e nos meses subsequentes oitavo e 12º todos os pacientes permaneceram com Carga Viral indetectável e aumento na média de células CD4+ (604,16) e (654,70) havendo uma diferença estatisticamente significante antes e depois da aplicação do Plano nos três tempos de avaliação. Conclui-se que as intervenções feitas a partir do Plano Individual Farmacêutico permitiram a identificação e a solução de problemas de acordo com as necessidades individuais dos pacientes e as intervenções também proporcionaram uma supressão viral e uma melhora imunológica sustentada, tais resultados mostram que a aplicação do Plano Individual Farmacêutico contribuiu para a melhoria do cuidado e da qualidade de vida das pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids, além de contribuir também com a promoção da adesão ao tratamento.

A anticoagulação inadequada pode ocasionar eventos tromboembólicos e hemorrágicos, representando um desafio para a medicina. A varfarina, anticoagulante oral de amplo uso, está associada a reações adversas graves, frequentes nos pacientes em tratamento com múltiplos fármacos. Objetivo: Este estudo pretende avaliar as potenciais interações medicamentosas com a varfarina, descrever e quantificar as intervenções farmacêuticas para minimizá-las, verificar o grau de aceitação da equipe médica em relação às intervenções e a repercussão no resultado do RNI. Método: Estudo de coorte, realizado entre os meses de agosto de 2009 a janeiro de 2010, envolvendo pacientes internados que iniciaram o tratamento com varfarina em duas unidades de clínica médica em um hospital universitário localizado no sul do Brasil. As potenciais interações medicamentosas com a varfarina (graves e moderadas) foram identificadas no sistema Drug-Reax, Micromedex Healthcare. Outras informações foram obtidas diretamente no prontuário. As intervenções com a equipe médica ocorreram por meio de registro em prontuário ou por informação verbal. O valor do RNI (Relação Normatizada Internacional) foi constantemente monitorado e serviu como medida do resultado da intervenção. Resultados: Foram acompanhados 202 pacientes. O total de medicamentos prescritos foi de 2071, com média de 10 (DP=3,6) por paciente. Todos pacientes apresentaram pelo menos uma interação medicamentosa potencial grave ou moderada com a varfarina, sendo a média de 3,6 (DP=1,6) por paciente. Pacientes com mais de 4 interações medicamentosas potenciais apresentaram maior risco para eventos hemorrágicos (RNI > 5 - RR = 2,57; IC95% 1,37–4,80). Foram identificadas 737 potenciais interações; 675 (91,5%) com possibilidade de potencializar o efeito anticoagulante e 29 (3,9%) de reduzir este efeito. Os medicamentos mais envolvidos em interações de potencialização foram enoxaparina (32,2%), sinvastatina (27,6%), omeprazol (22,5%) e tramadol (21,5%). Das intervenções realizadas com a equipe médica, 116 (57,4%) se deram através de registros em prontuário e 86 (42,6%) de forma verbal. Para 32 pacientes (15,8%) as intervenções não foram aceitas e estes apresentaram maior risco (RR = 2,17; IC95% 1,10 –4,27) para exame alterado (RNI > 5). Análise multivariada mostrou que idade, tempo de internação, apresentar 4 ou mais interações potenciais graves ou moderadas e não aceitar a intervenção farmacêutica contribuem significativamente para o paciente apresentar resultado de RNI > 5, o que implica em risco para eventos hemorrágicos. Conclusão: Interações medicamentosas graves e moderadas envolvendo a varfarina são muito comuns nos pacientes internados e estão associadas à maior risco do paciente apresentar RNI fora da faixa terapêutica desejada. A participação do farmacêutico no manejo das interações através de informações e orientações aos prescritores mostrou ter boa aceitação em nosso meio e parece contribuir para a segurança do paciente. / Introduction: Inadequate anticoagulation may cause bleeding and thromboembolic events, representing a challenge for medicine. Warfarin, an oral anticoagulant in wide use, has severe adverse reactions, common in patients taking multiple drugs. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate potential drug interactions with warfarin; to describe and quantify pharmaceutical interventions in order to minimize them; to assess the degree of acceptability by the medical team in relation to interventions as well as the impact on the outcome of the INR. Method: A Cohort study, done between August 2009 and January 2010 involving hospitalized patients who started warfarin therapy in two internal medicine units in a university hospital located in southern Brazil. Potential pDDIs with warfarin with warfarin (major and moderate) were identified in the online system Drug-Reax, Micromedex Healthcare. Additional information was obtained directly from medical records. Interventions with medical team were through medical record notes or verbal information. The value of the INR (international normalized ratio) was continuously monitored and served as a measure of the outcome of the intervention. Results: Two hundred and two inpatients were followed. The total number of prescribed drugs was 2071, with mean of 10 (SD = 3.6) per patient. All inpatients had at least one potential moderate or severe pDDIs with warfarin, the mean was 3.6 (SD = 1.6) per patient. Patients with more than four potential drug interactions showed a higher risk for hemorrhagic problems (INR> 5 - RR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.59-5.70). For 737 pDDIs identified, 675 (91.5%) may result in increased anticoagulation activity and 29 (3.9%) may reduce this effect. The drugs most commonly involved in these pDDIs were enoxaparin (32.2%), simvastatin (27.6%), omeprazole (22.5%) and tramadol (21.5%). The medical team’s intervention were 116 (57.4%) through medical records and 86 (42.6%) were orally. For 32 patients (15.8%), interventions were not accepted and they had higher risk (RR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.10 – 4.27) for amended exam (INR > 5). Multivariate analysis showed that age, length of hospital stay, having four or more major or moderate potential interactions and unwillingness to accept pharmaceutical intervention contribute significantly to the patient current values of INR> 5, which implies a risk of bleeding. Conclusion: Major and moderate drug interactions involving warfarin are very common in hospitalized patients and are associated with patient’s high risk of having an INR outside the target range. The collaboration of pharmacists in the management of interactions with information and guidance to physicians showed a good acceptance and seems to contribute to patient safety.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder diagnosed from an early age of life by the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. This systematic review aims to explore the evidence for interventions implemented at school by school staff to improve the engagement of children with ADHD in school activities. Six articles were extracted from four different databases (ERIC, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Central), after specific inclusion and exclusion criteria had been applied and a quality appraisal procedure implemented and ranked using the Oxford Levels of Evidence Based Medicine. A content analysis was used for the data analysis by categorising relevant findings. Results describe the definitions found in the included in the systematic studies for the term ‘’engagement’’, the effects of the intervention strategies on the engagement of children with ADHD as well as the types of intervention strategies described in the studies. Effective interventions need to be implemented within the school environment for children with ADHD in order to improve their engagement and social skills. Further research should focus on more intervention strategies implemented at school for improving the engagement of children with ADHD, considering characteristics among different cultures as well.

The current set of experiments sought to evaluate and address current, empirically based assessments and treatment protocols for children who have autism and/or other developmental disabilities. The past few decades of research have been successful in developing effective behavioral treatments, however, the dissemination of these strategies has not been maximized in applied settings. Furthermore, many existing treatments are outdated or not widely used in school or social settings. The current experiments evaluate existing effective assessments and treatments and extend them with the implementation of a novel package based off of commonly utilized discrete trial training behavioral techniques in behavior analysis. This treatment protocol was shown to have high inter observer reliability scores throughout the use of this assessment, as well as a high correlation with a commonly used language assessment in Experiment 1. Experiment 2 examined the positive effects of this treatment curriculum guide following skills training. Experiment 3 evaluated the validity of the programs that examined higher order learning from Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior. The results suggest that this assessment and training protocol has significant potential in efficiently training students with and without disabilities. Implications of these finding are discussed in terms of future progress of translational research in applied settings. Furthermore, the present set of experiments contributes largely to the dissemination of emerging research and practice in behavior analysis.

Florence O. Holmes, for the Masters Of Science Degree in Behavioral Analysis and Therapy, presented on July, 2015, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: ACCEPTABILITY OF INTERVENTIONS OF STAFF IN SHORT TERM CARE SETTING FOR CHILDREN WITH BEHAVIORAL HEALTH ISSUES COMPARING RATING AND HIERARCHICAL SELECTION MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Mark Dixon, Ph.D. The present study asked twenty active treatment team members, in a children’s behavioral health hospital in Springfield, IL to answer a pen and paper survey. This study extended research on treatment acceptability by replicating, Baker and LeBlanc (2011), who compared ratings and hierarchical selections in a long term care facility with older adults. Specifically, participants were given the opportunity to rate treatments using a treatment acceptability survey, and were then given a choice (i.e., asked to select which they would be most comfortable implementing) between various treatment options with using a variety of scenarios and choices. In this study it was interesting to find that though an individual selected a treatment as being a good treatment, when asked what they would feel comfortable using in a pinch did not always match what they related as being acceptable. In comparison the results of Baker and LeBlanc are very similar to the current study. In contrast, the rating for the behavioral intervention was higher in the present study and was also selected much more than in Baker and LeBlanc. Baker and LeBlanc reported statistically significant correlations between selections and ratings. Although this study did not recruit enough participants to allow for a statistical analysis, 50% of the participants in this study had a match for what they rated the highest compared to what they selected the most.