A intolerância à incerteza (IU) é considerada um traço transdiagnóstico referente a crenças negativas sobre a incerteza e suas consequências. Ultimamente, a IU vem sendo associada com diversos transtornos relacionados à ansiedade. A presente dissertação teve o objetivo de realizar a adaptação transcultural e investigar propriedades psicométricas da Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12, Versão Abreviada) para uso no Brasil. O processo de adaptação transcultural foi dividido em sete etapas discutidas no primeiro estudo, onde também são apresentadas evidências de validade de conteúdo da escala. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo acumular evidências de validade de construto através de análise fatorial confirmatória e análise da consistência interna da IUS-12. Além disso, a validade convergente da escala foi avaliada através de suas correlações com instrumentos que medem construtos relacionados. Adicionalmente, são apresentadas normas e diretrizes para interpretação dos escores da escala. Os resultados da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória indicam que a IUS-12 possui estrutura fatorial semelhante a escala original contendo dois fatores: Intolerância à Incerteza Inibitória e Intolerância à Incerteza Prospectiva. Discute-se os demais resultados relativos às propriedades psicométricas da escala no segundo estudo e considera-se a IUS-12 como uma medida válida para a avaliação da intolerância à incerteza na população brasileira. / Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is considered a transdiagnostic factor reflecting negative beliefs about uncertainty and its consequences. IU has been associated with several anxiety-related disorders. The aim of this dissertation was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and to investigate psychometric properties of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12, Short Version) for use in Brazil. The Cross-cultural adaptation process was divided into seven steps which are discussed in the first study, along with evidence of content validity of the scale. The second study aimed to accumulate evidence of construct validity throughout Confirmatory Factor Analysis and internal consistency analysis. In addition, a convergent validity was assessed through its correlations with measures of related constructs. Furthermore, norms and guidelines for scores interpretation are presented. The results of the Confirmatory Factorial Analysis indicate that the IUS-12 has a factorial structure similar to the original scale comprising two factors: Inhibitory IU and Prospective IU. Further results regarding psychometric properties of the scale are discussed in the second study. The IUS-12 appears to be a valid measure for assessment of intolerance to uncertainty in the Brazilian population.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellanintolerans mot osäkerhet och optimism samt om det fanns något samband mellan intolerans motosäkerhet och smärtkatastrofiering. Utöver det ville vi undersöka om det fanns något sambandmellan upplevd stress under beteendetestet Beads task och förväntningar på kallvattentestet.Våra hypoteser var att vi skulle finna ett negativt samband mellan intolerans mot osäkerhet ochoptimism samt ett positivt samband mellan intolerans mot osäkerhet och smärtkatastrofiering.Vi trodde även att vi skulle finna ett positivt samband mellan upplevd stress under Beads taskoch negativa förväntningar på kallvattentestet. Studien utfördes genom tre enkäter som mätteintolerans mot osäkerhet, optimism och smärtkatastrofiering. Utöver det användes Beads taskför att mäta observerbara beteenden associerade med intolerans mot osäkerhet. Deltagarnabestod av 60 universitetsstudenter, varav 30 män och 30 kvinnor. Resultaten visade att det fannsett negativt samband mellan optimism och intolerans mot osäkerhet samt ett positivt sambandmellan intolerans mot osäkerhet och smärtkatastrofiering. Sålunda tenderar optimistiskapersoner att vara mindre intoleranta mot osäkerhet medan personer med hög grad avsmärtkatastrofiering är mer intoleranta mot osäkerhet. Tidigare studier har visat att optimistiskapersoner har lättare att hantera svåra situationer och att personer med hög grad avsmärtkatastrofiering har mer katastroftankar som leder till oro i osäkra situationer, vilket går ilinje med vårt resultat. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intolerance ofuncertainty, optimism and pain catastrophizing. Furthermore we wanted to investigate therelationship between distress during the behavioral test Beads task and expectations on the ColdPressor Task. We hypothesized that we would find a negative relationship between intoleranceof uncertainty and optimism and a positive relationship between intolerance of uncertainty andpain catastrophizing. Furthermore we hypothesized that we would find a positive relationshipbetween distress during Beads task and negative expectations on the Cold Pressor Task. Theconvenient sample consisted of 60 university students, 30 males and 30 females. Ourresults showed a negative relationship between optimism and intolerance of uncertainty and apositive relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and pain catastrophizing. Thusoptimistic individuals tend to be less intolerant to uncertainty when individuals with a highlevel of pain catastrophizing are more intolerant to uncertainty. Previous studies showed thatoptimistic individuals have a better way of coping with difficult situations, and that individualswith a high level of pain catastrophizing have more catastrophizing related thoughts whichcause worrying in uncertain situations, which is in line with our results.

A intolerância à incerteza (IU) é considerada um traço transdiagnóstico referente a crenças negativas sobre a incerteza e suas consequências. Ultimamente, a IU vem sendo associada com diversos transtornos relacionados à ansiedade. A presente dissertação teve o objetivo de realizar a adaptação transcultural e investigar propriedades psicométricas da Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12, Versão Abreviada) para uso no Brasil. O processo de adaptação transcultural foi dividido em sete etapas discutidas no primeiro estudo, onde também são apresentadas evidências de validade de conteúdo da escala. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo acumular evidências de validade de construto através de análise fatorial confirmatória e análise da consistência interna da IUS-12. Além disso, a validade convergente da escala foi avaliada através de suas correlações com instrumentos que medem construtos relacionados. Adicionalmente, são apresentadas normas e diretrizes para interpretação dos escores da escala. Os resultados da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória indicam que a IUS-12 possui estrutura fatorial semelhante a escala original contendo dois fatores: Intolerância à Incerteza Inibitória e Intolerância à Incerteza Prospectiva. Discute-se os demais resultados relativos às propriedades psicométricas da escala no segundo estudo e considera-se a IUS-12 como uma medida válida para a avaliação da intolerância à incerteza na população brasileira. / Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is considered a transdiagnostic factor reflecting negative beliefs about uncertainty and its consequences. IU has been associated with several anxiety-related disorders. The aim of this dissertation was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and to investigate psychometric properties of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12, Short Version) for use in Brazil. The Cross-cultural adaptation process was divided into seven steps which are discussed in the first study, along with evidence of content validity of the scale. The second study aimed to accumulate evidence of construct validity throughout Confirmatory Factor Analysis and internal consistency analysis. In addition, a convergent validity was assessed through its correlations with measures of related constructs. Furthermore, norms and guidelines for scores interpretation are presented. The results of the Confirmatory Factorial Analysis indicate that the IUS-12 has a factorial structure similar to the original scale comprising two factors: Inhibitory IU and Prospective IU. Further results regarding psychometric properties of the scale are discussed in the second study. The IUS-12 appears to be a valid measure for assessment of intolerance to uncertainty in the Brazilian population.

The COVID-19 pandemic increased uncertainty and anxiety for most and was especially disruptive to autistic people and their families. Autistic children were particularly vulnerable due to their intolerance for increased uncertainty and disruption to their school and therapy support. This study aimed to investigate the effect that increased uncertainty had on autistic children, specifically their sensory behaviors and stress levels and on the stress levels of their primary caregivers. Parents and guardians of 47 autistic children completed an online survey consisting of questions investigating background and demographic information, their experiences during the first six months of the pandemic, information about the types of support that they were provided, and measures of intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-12) and sensory processing (SSP). Additionally, 10 primary caregivers participated in semi-structured interviews to explore in-depth accounts of their experiences and those of their children during the pandemic. Eighty nine percent of caregivers reported their children had significant sensory difficulties prior to the pandemic. We found that this majority group showed significant increases in sensory processing and intolerance of uncertainty from pre to during the first six months of the pandemic. Changes from pre to during the first six months of the pandemic were significantly correlated suggesting that as uncertainty increased, sensory processing ability decreased. Disruption to routines was significantly correlated with sensory processing and explained a significant portion of the variance in child, household, and parent stress. The themes found in interview responses including the relationship between sensory processing and uncertainty, living in "survival mode,"and unmasking reflect the quantitative findings, showing that the uncertainty introduced by disrupted routines increased sensory processing difficulty and typically autistic behaviors. These findings have implications for helping us to understand the relationship between uncertainty, sensory processing, and stress leading to better interventions and supports for this population. Additionally, primary caregivers noted the need for increased education and training for parents during therapy sessions and for a stronger community of primary caregivers to support the unique needs of these individuals and families.

No description available.

Intolerance of uncertainty concerns how one views and reacts touncertainty, where one who’s highly intolerant would find it verydiscomforting when confronted with uncertain situations. The purposeof this study was to examine the associations between intolerance ofuncertainty, pain catastrophizing, emotion regulation andpsychopathic traits. These variables were to be examined in thecontext of a Beads Task and a Cold Pressor Test (CPT). Wehypothesized that there would be a positive significant associationbetween intolerance of uncertainty, pain catastrophizing, emotionregulation, psychopathic traits. We also hypothesized that there wouldbe a difference depending on the difficulty of the Beads Task. To doso, data was collected from 60 university students (32 females and 28males). The results showed that there was a significant, positiveassociation between intolerance of uncertainty, pain catastrophizing,emotion regulation and the Beads Task measurements. Some of theseresults were similar to previous studies. / Intolerans mot osäkerhet berör hur en person uppfattar och reagerarpå osäkerhet, där någon som är intolerant upplever osäkra situationersom obehagliga. Syftet med denna studie var att undersökaassociationerna mellan intolerans mot osäkerhet,smärtkatastrofiering, känsloreglering och psykopatiskapersonlighetsdrag. Dessa variabler undersöktes i sammanhang medBeads Task och ett Kallvattentest. Där några av hypoteserna var attdet finns positiva signifikanta associationer mellan intolerans motosäkerhet, smärtkatastrofiering, känsloreglering och psykopatiskapersonlighetsdrag. Vi hade också en hypotes att det kommer finnas enskillnad beroende på svårighetsgraden av Beads Task. För att göradetta samlades data in från 60 universitetsstudenter (32 kvinnor och28 män). Resultaten visade på en signifikant, positiv associationmellan intolerans mot osäkerhet, smärtkatastrofiering,känsloreglering och Beads Task-måtten. Några av dessa resultat varlikt de i tidigare studier.

Although worry is a common source of distress in children and adolescents, relatively few studies have focused on understanding worry in both of these age groups (Cartwright-Hatton, 2006). This area of research is of particular relevance, as understanding worry in youth may have implications for the assessment and treatment of adolescent worry and other anxiety-related difficulties. Consequently, the focuses of this study were to examine the validity and relevance of metacognitive measures of worry in an adolescent sample, to determine the degree to which metacognitive worry is associated with worry in adolescents, and to examine the potential association between adolescent metacognitive worry and intolerance of uncertainty, another cognitive variable hypothesized to be associated with worry, in an adolescent sample. A total of 175 adolescents between the ages of 11-17 were recruited from local middle and high schools to complete a series of self-report measures, which included the following: the Metacognitive Questionnaire for Children, the Meta-Worry Questionnaire, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children, and the Spence Children‘s Anxiety Scale. The findings of this study suggest that metacognition may play a role in the development and maintenance of excessive worry and related generalized anxiety disorder symptoms in adolescents. Further, current findings provide support for the combined influence of metacognitive beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty in the development and maintenance of worry.

Abstract Rule-governed behavior is a unique form of human behavior that comes with many advantages. Rule-following can however become problematic when it makes us insensitive to the consequences of our behavior and undermines our ability to adapt to changes in contingencies. This phenomenon has been hypothesized to play a central role in different psychological problems. In this thesis project, we investigated whether a mindfulness exercise from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could improve people's ability to adapt to changes in contingencies, as measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). We also explored whether recently developed self-report questionnaires of rule-governed behavior, the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ-9) and the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire (GTQ) could predict the participants' performance on the WCST. In addition, we looked at the association between intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-12) and generalized pliance (GPQ-9). The sample consisted of 45 university students at Örebro university in Sweden. The results revealed that the brief mindfulness exercise did not improve the participants ability to adapt to contingency changes. The questionnaires of rule-governed behavior also did not predict this performance on the WCST. However, we found a novel association between generalized pliance and intolerance of uncertainty, which could be a future research path. Further, generalized pliance and generalized tracking displayed a moderate negative correlation, in line with previous research. Despite limited significant findings in this study, it was an effort to investigate central claims from the ACTand behavioral literature, centered around psychological flexibility and rule-governed behavior.

Магистерская диссертация выполнена на 89 страницах, состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы из 62 наименований, содержит 9 рисунков, 5 таблиц, имеет 3 приложения. Объект исследования – жизнестойкость личности. Предмет исследования – связь жизнестойкости и ее показателей с толерантностью к неопределенности у студентов гуманитарных и технических направлений подготовки. Современные условия жизни человека часто описываются как экстремальные и способствующие возникновению стресса. Также современная ситуация характеризуется возрастанием неопределенности во всех жизненных сферах. По этой причине заинтересованность ученых в изучении жизнестойкости и толерантности к неопределенности растет. В первой главе рассмотрен феномен жизнестойкости, а также толерантности к неопределенности в работах отечественных и зарубежных психологов, проанализированы особенности проявления жизнестойкости и толерантности к неопределенности в студенческом возрасте. Во второй главе описаны методы и ход эмпирического исследования взаимосвязи жизнестойкости и толерантности к неопределенности, проанализированы и приведены результаты описательной статистики, сравнительного и корреляционного анализа. Участие в исследовании приняли 102 студента, в возрасте от 18 до 22 лет. В ходе исследования было выявлено, что существует достоверное различие по показателю «интолерантность к неопределенности» у студентов гуманитарных и технических направлений подготовки, положительная взаимосвязь между толерантностью к неопределённости и приятием риска у студентов гуманитарных и технических специальностей, а также существует положительная взаимосвязь между вовлеченностью и отношением к неопределенным ситуациям у студентов гуманитарных специальностей. Исследование взаимосвязи жизнестойкости и толерантности к неопределенности у студентов имеет высокую значимость, поскольку способствует улучшению качества жизни, эффективности работы и достижению успеха в различных сферах деятельности. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в развитии жизнестойкости и толерантности к неопределенности у студентов, а также в образовательном процессе и в разработке программ по улучшению психологического здоровья и снижению стресса у студентов. Это поможет учащимся лучше справляться с учебными и жизненными вызовами. / The master's thesis is written on 89 pages, consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references from 62 titles, contains 9 figures, 5 tables, has 3 appendices. The object of the study is the resilience of the individual. The subject of the study is the relationship between resilience and its indicators with tolerance to uncertainty in students of the humanitarian and technical fields of study. Modern human living conditions are often described as extreme and conducive to stress. Also, the modern situation is characterized by an increase in uncertainty in all spheres of life. For this reason, the interest of scientists in the study of resilience and tolerance to uncertainty is growing. The first chapter examines the phenomenon of resilience, as well as tolerance to uncertainty in the works of domestic and foreign psychologists, analyzes the features of the manifestation of resilience and tolerance to uncertainty in student age. The second chapter describes the methods and course of the empirical study of the relationship between resilience and tolerance to uncertainty, analyzes and presents the results of descriptive statistics, comparative and correlation analysis. A total of 102 students aged 18 to 22 took part in the study. The study revealed that there is a reliable difference in the indicator "intolerance to uncertainty" among students in the humanities and technical fields of study, a positive relationship between tolerance to uncertainty and risk acceptance among students in the humanities and technical specialties, and there is also a positive relationship between involvement and attitude towards uncertain situations among students in the humanities. The study of the relationship between resilience and tolerance to uncertainty in students is of great importance, since it contributes to improving the quality of life, work efficiency and achieving success in various fields of activity. The results of the study can be used in developing resilience and tolerance to uncertainty in students, as well as in the educational process and in developing programs to improve psychological health and reduce stress in students. This will help students better cope with academic and life challenges.

Объектом исследования явился перфекционизм. Предметом исследования стала связь перфекционизма с экзистенциальной исполненностью, толерантностью-интолерантностью к неопределенности и формально-динамическими свойствами индивидуальности. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения и списка литературы (66 источников). Объем магистерской диссертации 83 страницы, на которых размещены 13 таблиц и 8 рисунков. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме «перфекционизм». Также включены разделы, описывающие экзистенциалььную исполненность, формально-динамические свойства индивидуальности и толерантность-интолерантность к неопределенности. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава описывает эмпирическую часть исследования. Представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования, а также полученных результатов. В исследовании были использованы методики: «Многомерная шкала перфекционизма» П. Хьюитта и Г. Флетта в адаптации И. И. Грачевой; «Дифференциальный тест перфекционизма», оригинальная методика А. А. Золотаревой; опросник формально динамических свойств индивидуальности (ОФДСИ-26), сокращенный В. М. Русалова; «Диагностика экзистенциальной исполненности» (авторы В. Б. Шумский, Е. М. Уколова, Е. Н. Осин, Я. Д. Лупандина); «Новый опросник толерантности-интолерантности к определенности» Т. В. Корниловой, контент-анализ. По итогам эмпирического исследования представлены результаты сравнительного, корреляционного и регрессионного анализа. Определено, что адаптивный перфекционизм положительно связан с активностью и отрицательно-с эмоциональностью. Также адаптивный перфекционизм положительно связан со всеми параметрами экзистенциальной исполненности, тогда как связь с толерантностью к неопределенности отсутствует. Напротив, дезадаптивный перфекционизм положительно связан с эмоциональностью во всех сферах и отрицательно – с активностью и экзистенциальной исполненностью. Дезадаптивный перфекционизм связан со всеми параметрами дифференциальной модели перфекционизма П. Хьюитта и Г. Флетта, а именно, с перфекционизмом, ориентированным на себя, на других и с социально предписанным перфекционизмом. При этом перфекционизм, ориентированный на себя, отрицательно связан с параметрами экзистенциальной исполненности «Бытие-в-мире» и «Самоценность». Перфекционизм, ориентированный на других, отрицательно связан с параметрами экзистенциальной исполненности «Бытие в-мире», «Ценность жизни» и «Самоценность». Социально предписанный перфекционизм отрицательно коррелирует со всеми параметрами экзистенциальной исполненности. В результате регрессионного анализа было определено, что предиктором адаптивного перфекционизма со стороны формально динамических свойств индивидуальности является высокая активность, а со стороны экзистенциальной исполненности – параметры «Ценность жизни» (отрицательный вклад), «Самоценность» и «Смысл» (положительный вклад). Предиктором дезадаптивного перфекционизма со стороны формально динамических свойств индивидуальности является высокая эмоциональность, а со стороны экзистенциальной исполненности – параметр «Бытие-в-мире» (отрицательный вклад). В заключении обобщены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны перспективы дальнейшей работы в данной проблематике. / The object of the study was perfectionism. The subject of the study was the relationship of the perfectionism with existential fulfillment, tolerance-tolerance to uncertainty and formal-dynamic properties of individuality. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion and a list of references (66 sources). The volume of the master's thesis is 82 pages, which contain 13 tables and 8 figures. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, specifies the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of "perfectionism". Also included are sections describing existential fulfillment, formal-dynamic properties of individuality and tolerance-intolerance to uncertainty. The conclusions of the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter describes the empirical part of the study. The description of the organization and methods of the conducted research, as well as the results obtained, is presented. The following methods were used in the study: "Multidimensional scale of perfectionism" by P. Hewitt and G. Flett in the adaptation of I. I. Gracheva; "Differential test of perfectionism", the original method of A. A. Zolotareva; questionnaire of formally dynamic properties of individuality (OFDSI-26), abbreviated by V. M. Rusalov; "Diagnostics of existential fulfillment" (authors V. B. Shumsky, E. M. Ukolova, E. N. Osin, Ya. D. Lupandina); "A new questionnaire of tolerance-intolerance to certainty" by T. V. Kornilova, content analysis. Based on the results of the empirical study, the results of comparative, correlation and regression analysis are presented. It is determined that adaptive perfectionism is positively associated with activity and negatively with emotionality. Adaptive perfectionism is also positively associated with all parameters of existential fulfillment, while there is no connection with tolerance to uncertainty. On the contrary, maladaptive perfectionism is positively associated with emotionality in all spheres and negatively with activity and existential fulfillment. Maladaptive perfectionism is associated with all the parameters of the differential model of perfectionism by P. Hewitt and G. Flett, namely, with perfectionism focused on oneself, on others and with socially prescribed perfectionism. At the same time, self-oriented perfectionism is negatively associated with the parameters of existential fulfillment of "Being-in-the-world" and "Self-worth". Perfectionism, focused on others, is negatively associated with the parameters of existential fulfillment "Being in the world", "Value of life" and "Self-worth". Socially prescribed perfectionism negatively correlates with all parameters of existential fulfillment. As a result of regression analysis, it was determined that the predictor of adaptive perfectionism from the formally dynamic properties of individuality is high activity, and from the existential fulfillment – the parameters "Value of life" (negative contribution), "Self-worth" and "Meaning" (positive contribution). The predictor of maladaptive perfectionism on the part of the formally dynamic properties of individuality is high emotionality, and on the part of existential fulfillment is the "Being–in-the-world" parameter (negative contribution). In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and the prospects for further work in this area are described.