This study examines long-term Inuit-European and -Euroamerican intersocietal interaction in the central Canadian Arctic. This geographical area encompasses the traditional ranges of the contiguous Copper, Netsilik and Iglulik Inuit societies. Specifically, the study analyzes and discusses changes in intra- and intergroup material trade networks and social relations resulting from indirect and direct contact with the developing capitalist world-system. Through the application of world-system theory and methodology, it is shown that indirect contact in the form of the acquisition of material trade items was a gradual, though constant, process that had a considerable impact on the cultural development of these societies. Both indirect and direct contact were greatly accelerated during the 19th century, increasing the rate of cultural change, and, by the early 20th century, ultimately culminating in the articulation of the Copper, Netsilik and Iglulik Inuit societies within the modern capitalist world-system.

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Thèse (M.A.) -- Université Laval, 2002. / Bibliogr.: f. 118-129. Publié aussi en version électronique.

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At the intersection of institutional, local and personal perspectives, this thesis explores what it means to build a Healthy Community in the Canadian Arctic hamlet of Igloolik, Nunavut. It observes that neither the dominant concepts of critical theory nor those of institutional health promotion can sufficiently account for the ways in which Healthy Community discourse and values are adopted and engaged locally. / Contextual semantic analysis is used to examine the health promotion values of 'community,' 'participation' and 'empowerment' in the narratives of Inuit interview participants. Along with historical and ethnographic data, these narratives suggest the ways in which health promotion and wellness values are variously adopted, redirected or infused with particular meaning in the context of both personal and political experience. / By destabilizing the consensus implied by institutional health promotion discourse and by recognizing the multiplicity of meanings and practices surrounding the Healthy Community, it can continue to inspire innovation in healthcare strategies.

This thesis focuses upon the traditional ecological knowledge of southeastern Hudson Bay Inuit. It provides a detailed assessment of Inuit use and knowledge of a single species, the Hudson Bay Eider (Somateria mollissima sedentaria). Data collected on Inuit classifications of animals reveal the highly-ordered systems whereby Inuit structure their extensive knowledge of the biological diversity of their environment. A lexicon of Inuktitut terms illustrates the refinement of their anatomical knowledge, while detailed data on one anatomical element, the eider skin, serve to indicate the considerable volume of information lying behind these labeled categories. Furthermore, Inuit knowledge of eider ecology provides exacting biogeographical information and identifies important ecological patterns and processes for the species. These findings run counter to preconceptions about traditional knowledge which linger in the wildlife professionals' milieu. Neither anecdotal, narrowly pragmatic, unverified nor non-ecological, traditional knowledge provides a sound argument for greater Native autonomy in wildlife management.

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Note: / This dissertation examines the position of Inuit (Eskimo) kinship and· its associated behavioral concomitants as they effect the patterning of Inuit ecological relations. The study seeks to demonstrate the role such features, functioning as one component within the cultural ecological system, play in organizing and maintaining the observed pattern of man-land interactions. In so doing, it focuses on particular internal attributes, such as task group formation and decision-making networks, which contribute to the material substance of the local adaptation.Th~approach employed in the research may be termed that of systems-oriented cultural ecology. Within this approach, social-cultural features of the society are seen as forming a knowledge set which, along with data derived from the environment, contribute information necessary for the inplementation of specific strategies of resource exploitation. Social organization elements, therefore, provide a framework for the arrangement of environmental, as well as sociological, relations. Inuit subsistence activities, then, ar~ perceived not simply in terms of isolated actions;but as a process which encompasses a broad range of societal components. / La presente dissertation etudie la position de la parente des Inuit (Esquimaux) et des problemes accessoires de comportement qui affeetent 1a structuration des relations des Inuit. L'etude vise a demontrer Ie role que ces aspects, qui s'exercent eomme un element au sein du systeme eco1ogique culturel, jouent dans l'organisation et Ie maintien du schema des rapp0rts observe entre l'hom.ne et la terre. Ce faisan..:, elle se eoncentre sur les attributs internes particu1iers tels que la formation des groupes d'etudes et les reseaux de prise de decision qui contribuent aux relations d'ordre materiel de l'adaptation locale.L'approche utilisee pour 1a recherche peut etre qualifiee d'ec010gie culture11e axee sur les systemes. Selon cette approche, on considere que les aspects socio-culture1s de la societe forment un ensemble de connaissances qui, combinees aux donnees derivees de l'environnement, fournissent l' it-formation necessaire a 1.' implantatiotl de stratlgiE:.s propres a l'exploitation des ressources. Les elements de l'organisation sociale offrent done Ie cadre de la structuration des relations sur Ie plan de l'environnement ainsi que sur Ie plan sociologique. Les activites deployees par les Inuit pour assurer leur subsistance sont alors per~ues non pas simplement comme des actions isolees mais comme un processus qui enblobe une vaste gamme de composantes de 1a societe.

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