Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de la fiabilité de modules de puissance triphasés à IGBTs 200 A - 600 V, destinés à la construction d'onduleurs de traction pour des applications automobiles hybrides ou électriques. Ces travaux visent à évaluer la tenue de ces modules de puissance en régime de cyclage thermique actif à hautes température, en mettant l'accent sur leur résistance à la fatigue thermomécanique. Deux approches complémentaires ont été mises en oeuvre dans ce but: tests de vieillissement accéléré et modélisation numérique. Une compagne d'essais de vieillissement par cyclage actif a été menée avec des profils de température variés, définis par la température ambiante et la variation de température de jonction des IGBTs, utilisés comme facteurs d'accélération des contraintes. Au cours de ces tests, les composants ont électriquement fonctionné dans des conditions semblables à une application réelle (commande MLI). L'objectif était d'identifier les modes de défaillance, d'estimer l'influence des facteurs d'accélération du vieillissement, et d'évaluer la pertinence des indicateurs de défaillance classiques dans ces conditions de stress thermiques sévères. Aussi, afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de défaillance responsables de la fatigue de l'assemblage des modules considérés, une modélisation thermomécanique visant à déterminer l'impact des modèles de comportement mécanique sur la durée de vie estimée des brasures, a été développée. La réponse de l'assemblage à des contraintes de cyclage actif similaires à celles appliquées durant les essais a été évaluée par analyse numérique. Les différentes lois de comportement ont été comparées en termes de contraintes, déformations plastiques, et densité d'énergie plastique dans les brasures. / This thesis is dedicated to reliability investigations led on three-phase 200~A~--~600~V IGBT power modules, designed for building drive inverters for hybrid or electric automotive traction applications. The objective was to evaluate the durability of the studied modules when they withstand power cycling in high temperature environments, and especially their resistance to thermo-mechanical fatigue. Two complementary approaches were considered: accelerated aging experiments and numerical modeling.A series of power cycling tests was carried out over a large range of temperature profiles, defined by the ambient temperature and IGBT junction temperature excursion. These quantities are used as thermal stress acceleration factors. Those experiments were led in realistic electrical conditions (PWM control scheme). They aimed at identifying the failure modes of the target devices, assessing the impact of the acceleration factors on their aging process, and evaluating the suitability of standard aging indicators as damage precursors in such harsh loading conditions. Besides, to better understand the failure mechanisms governing the fatigue life of the modules assembly, a thermo-mechanical modeling focusing on solder joints was built. Our simulation efforts concentrated on the appraisal of constitutive modeling effects on solder joints lifetime estimation. Numerical analysis of the assembly response to power cycling in similar operating conditions as practiced in experiments were performed. Behavior laws were then compared on stress, plastic strain, and strain energy density developed within the joints.

L'autonomie est, à l'heure actuelle, un des points les plus bloquants des véhicules électriques. Une optimisation du rendement de la chaîne de conversion est donc un objectif primordial. La thèse s'inscrit donc dans un contexte d'efficacité énergétique et d'intégration en électronique de puissance. Il s'agira d'améliorer les rendements de conversion et la puissance massique à la fois par le choix de technologies adaptées et par la conception de structures de conversion optimisées. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons l’impact de l’évolution de la tension de batterie HT sur le choix des technologies de composants de puissance. Différentes architectures de conversion sont également présentées et l’accent est mis sur un convertisseur en particulier : L’onduleur. Puis, nous comparons les relevés expérimentaux à ceux qui peuvent sont fournis par des fabricants pour certains composants et dans certaines conditions de fonctionnement. Ces essais permettent également d’enrichir les données des fabricants. Enfin, nous comparerons l’impact de la montée en tension des batteries HT sur les performances de différentes structures d’onduleurs (2 et 3 niveaux), pour différentes technologies de composants semi-conducteurs de puissance et pour différents points de fonctionnement de la machine associée. / Currently, autonomy of electric vehicles is one of the most blocking points for developing such mean of transport. An optimization of the efficiency of the power train is thus a primordial objective. The thesis is part of a context of energy efficiency and integration in power electronics. This will improve conversion efficiencies and mass power both by the choice of appropriate technologies and design optimized conversion structures. First, we present the impact of the evolution of the HT battery voltage on the choice of power component technologies. Different conversion architectures are also presented and the focus is on a particular converter: The inverter. Then, we compare the experimental records to those that can be supplied by manufacturers for certain components and under certain operating conditions. These tests also make it possible to enrich the data of the manufacturers. Finally, we will compare the impact of the voltage rise of the HT batteries on the performances of various inverter structures (2 and 3 levels), for different technologies of semiconductor power components and for different operating points of the machine associated.

In this diploma thesis, universal inverter was manufactured and successfully tested with DC, BLDC and AC motor. Inverter is composed of the power board for driving extralow voltage supplied electric motors (from +12V to +24V) and control board with microcontroller MC56F8257. There is also explained the principle of driving DC, BLDC and AC motor as well as description of the most frequently used peripherals and inverter. components

The accumulation of electricity as an issue is becoming more important and it’s importance is constantly growing. This is due to the fact that more renewable energy sources, mainly photovoltaic and wind power plants, are being incorporated into the electricity system, causing changes in the power grid performance. Changing in the behavior of consumers of electricity can cause further changes in the network. The ability for compensations of these changes in the power grid has just accumulation systems. This Thesis for Master’s Degree presents selected storage systems and ways in which energy can be stored. Further, in this work, a model of accumulation system with management based on general conditions will be created. This model will be tested and its behavior detected under the limit conditions.

The accumulation of electricity as an issue is becoming more important and it’s importance is constantly growing. This is due to the fact that more renewable energy sources, mainly photovoltaic and wind power plants, are being incorporated into the electricity system, causing changes in the power grid performance. Changing in the behavior of consumers of electricity can cause further changes in the network. The ability for compensations of these changes in the power grid has just accumulation systems. This Thesis for Master’s Degree presents selected storage systems and ways in which energy can be stored. Further, in this work, a model of accumulation system with management based on general conditions will be created. This model will be tested and its behavior detected under the limit conditions.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a battery storage for a family house. In the theoretical part at first the principle of photovoltaic cells is analysed together with the various types used in this branch. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the description of photovoltaic systems and its individual parts consisting of inverters and accumulators. This thesis analyses the object for the installation of a photovoltaic power plant, including legislative and subsidy conditions. In the final part, itself system is analysed with a price proposal.

This diploma thesis describes particular parts of power inverter such as gate driver, DSC, LC filter, low power supply, DC/DC converter and four-quadrant bridge and manner of its control by digital signal controller. Inverter is designated for generating of a mobile artificial electric grid (for example in a car).

This work deals with designs of drive for two types electric powered tricycles (type for outdoor and indoor). Designs comprise general conception of drive. We selected optimal electric motors in terms of research electric engines and calculations. Next, we proposed batteries. The last part describes design power circuit and general financial expenses.

The main aim of this work is a development of electric car. This car has fuel cells as a primary source of electrical energy which will be performed with regard to the maximum roll-out and to maximize the efficiency of hydrogen conversion into electricity. The first part is dedicated to the concept of drive as a whole, the second part is dedicated to solving vehicle dynamics. The third part describes the design of mathematical models of drive components. Part four gives the results of simulations of traffic on the route at different ways of managing fuel cells and various vehicle speeds.

This thesis deals with a description of the industrial machine of the DWT (drywall tape) rewinder. The winder rewinds and cuts the drywall tape tape into smaller tapes, that are then sold. The first part contains a description of the winder, its structure and functions of its individual parts. The second part contains a description of the control system and the power wiring of winder. The next section contains a description of programming and setting of PLC, frequency inverters, and touch panel. Some modifications are then described when putting the winder into operation. The winder has been successfully implemented and built into a continuous shift operation. However, the development of the rewinder continues to improve its features and user-friendliness.