My doctoral dissertation examines the relationship between the sacred and literature, explores how the Bible has influenced the literary production of Antonia Pozzi, Cristina Campo, and Margherita Guidacci, and reveals that each author had a distinctive way of dealing with the Sacred Book. In the first chapter I retrace the studies on the topic of Bible and Literature, and I show how literary critics only recently have begun to work intensively on them (in the past the "historical school" founded by De Sanctis and followed by Croce devoted few studies to the subject of the sacred and even so, only to those periods where the influence of the Scriptures was clear and indeed obvious, such as the Middle Ages and the Counter-Reformation). In the same chapter I explain my reason for deciding to study Pozzi, Campo, and Guidacci. These three authors share analogous biographical experiences and episodes that deeply influenced their lives (the presence of an authoritarian father, family losses, and sad love experiences). Moreover, their studies (specifically, European writers and philosophers) were of the same nature. I demonstrate that, although contemporary Italian literature is heterogeneous and varied, these three women astonishingly shared the same background that explains their concentration on the sacred. In the following chapter I consider the writers individually, in order to examine the path that led them to a dialogue with the religious and the sacred. In Pozzi, the sacred is something that lies beyond human understanding and, for all her attempts to reach it, she always fails due to her incapacity to fully free helself from human passions. In Campo and in Guidacci on the other hand, the sacred search is always consistent and, notwithstanding some missteps and second thoughts, they are able to basically fulfill their task. After the study of their ideas, in the last chapter I move to the poetical language used by these writers. It has been very interesting to see what is essentially the same vocabulary appearing again and again in our poets. As it is known, the biblical language is based on symbols that evoke a union between the contingent and the Absolute. Pozzi, Campo, and Guidacci were not only able to interpret the biblical symbology but they also used some of those terms in their poems; specifically I focused my attention on the recurrence of five words-symbols: assenza, deserto, nulla, fiore, luce (absence, desert, emptiness, flower, light). It is really significant that the writers in question use the same biblical symbols as poetical words: it is a vocabulary that ties together literary and religious experience. Their connection is also strengthened by the reference and the predilection for same specific books of the Bible, such as Job and The Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet for Pozzi, and the Gospels, Psalms, and The Song of Songs for Campo and Guidacci. In my analysis I show that already in the desert we can see the first signs of Pozzi's weakness: In this solitary place, where the soul must deal with herself to reach the emptying of earthly passions, Pozzi got lost and fell into the error of looking backwards, to the beloved she had left. On the other hand, Campo and Guidacci were able to reach the spiritual light, so their journey through biblical symbolism can be finally considered complete. In other words, Pozzi's path towards the Scripture is fulfilled piecemeal and never ends in it, while in Campo and Guidacci the Scripture becomes an integral part of their lives, so they are constantly enlightened by the Word of God, while Pozzi misses this Light and sinks into the darkness of death. Finally, considering the fact that they have been relatively isolated from the literary world until recently, I do not believe they were rejected by a misogynist society, but rather by the fact that those years were demanding an active social participation. The women treated here never made that choice, instead they dedicated themselves to the search for the sacred, an issue not "present" in the years in which they lived. So I think that it was this combination of poetic themes and lifestyle choices that excluded them. In conclusion my work, which could have considered many other poets, confirms the point of view from which I started: the theme of the sacred in the twentieth century literature does not seem to present itself as a school or current, but is characterized by its inevitable uniqueness so that each poetic experience is described for its extraordinary authenticity and uniqueness. If anything, we can talk about similarities and links between these poets based on common readings that provide the basis on which to develop their own religious experiences.

This diploma thesis focuses on the evolution of the present indicative of Italian language, the thesis presents the evolution starting from Latin and finishing with a description of linguistic situation of Italian of the 19th century. The thesis incorporates two parts that are both connected - the theoretical and the analytical ones. In the first part, the basic notions such as morfology, paradigm, grammatical categories are presented and defined. Next chapters are dedicated to the situation in Latin, Old Italian and Italian of the 19th century. The second part deals with research of applied forms of selected Italian verbs. Two language corporas - OVI and DiaCORIS - are used for this part. OVI represents the period of Old Italian, while DiaCORIS describes the period of the Italian of the 19th century. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the main tendencies reguarding the evolution of present indicative and through language corpora to provide some examples of selected verbs.

No description available.

Lithuania and Italy relationships in 1922– 1940 years SUMMARY Nazi movement gained in popularity not only in Italy, but it became popular in other countries. Were Nazi cultural ideas interesting and near to Lithuania? For the attainment of answering to this question, I reached to find out and evaluate Nazi Italy and Lithuanian cultural life spread in Lithuanian and Italian societies. The subject of my work – Italian and Lithuanian cultural life. Work purpose – reach to find out and evaluate Nazi Italy and Lithuanian cultural propaganda spread in Lithuanian and Italian societies. I referred sparse historiography material, which established Italian cultural life features during writing this work. Furthermore I used two source groups. 1) Archival, manuscript material; 2) periodicals of the days. I put in to work descriptive, material analyzes-synthesis, comparative and statistics method, which let systematize and summing-up data analysis. Research and material analysis let make these conclusions: 1. Lithuanian international recognition determined relations with Italy. Italy and Lithuania had not only political but also miscellaneous cultural, artistic relations. They were very active in the thirties. 2. Interest in not only political but also cultural Lithuanian problems determined that in third-fourth decade of XX century Italian books were printed about Lithuanian art, memoirs about Balts language, Lithuanian geography, and also comprehensive information about Lithuania in... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-213).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Jack Freiberg, Florida State University, College of Visual Arts, Theatre, and Dance, Art History Dept. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 12, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 245 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Depuis le début des années 1990, la publication en langue italienne d'oeuvres littéraires d’auteurs aux origines étrangères et aux parcours hétérogènes, a imposé à la critique une réflexion sur de nouveaux enjeux linguistiques, esthétiques et sociaux.Parmi ces écrivains il est possible de recenser un groupe qui présente des caractéristiques particulières, les écrivains originaires de la Corne de l'Afrique. Leur production littéraire a certainement contribué aussi bien à la réouverture du débat sur le colonialisme italien qu’à l’introduction des théories postcoloniales et à la définition de ce qu’on appelle désormais le postcolonial italien. Réciproquement, le développement des études postcoloniales dans l’aire italophone a encouragé ces auteurs à s’exprimer.Longtemps refoulée et occultée, l'expérience historique de la colonisation italienne en Afrique de l'Est peine encore aujourd’hui à trouver place dans une réélaboration culturelle. Comment l'appartenance de ces écrivains à une ancienne colonie peut-elle se manifester dans un pays qui ne s’est jamais vraiment penché sur son passé colonial ? Notre hypothèse est que l’écriture peut devenir un espace dans lequel ils tissent une nouvelle relation, à la fois avec un pays lointain auquel ils se sentent liés et avec le pays où et d’où ils écrivent, l’Italie. Ils mettent ainsi en place une stratégie qui leur permet d’entamer des processus de recomposition identitaire, tant sur le plan individuel que sur le plan collectif.Nous analyserons la production littéraire d'une dizaine d'auteurs. L'étude de leurs thèmes de prédilection et de leurs modalités d'écriture nous permettra de comprendre aussi si cette recomposition véhicule une image inédite des pays de la Corne de l’Afrique, ou bien si la nécessité de trouver un « espace de présence » en Italie l’emporte sur la portée innovatrice de leur imaginaire. / Since the beginning of the 1990’s, Italian literary world and critic have been interested in linguistic, esthetic and social issues generated by Italian immigrant literature, in which we find writers of various backgrounds.Nevertheless, there is a group of authors displaying distinctive features whose members originate from the Horn of Africa. Their literary works participate to a renewal of interest for Italian colonial domination as well as for the debate on the introduction of postcolonial theories and the existence of a so-called Italian postcolonialism. Conversely, the interest and the development of postcolonial studies promote authors’ writings.Italian colonial domination in East Africa was rejected and hidden for a long time and still today it is a difficult issue to deal with. How can authors express their sense of belonging to former colonies in a country that has never looked at its colonial past? Our thesis statement is that writing enables the authors to restore understanding to often contradictory identities and thus rebuild their own space, both with regard to their social and ethnic background and to Italian society where these operations take place.This work aims at exploring how writing stories represents a strategy intended to make identity reorganization possible. The analysis of their favorite subjects will allow us to show whether this reorganization also conveys an unprecedented imaginary world from the Horn of Africa or if the necessity of finding a space to exist prevails over this really innovative storytelling.

L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier le rapport entre «Juif» et «nation» dans le roman italien du XXe siècle à partir d'un événement historique précis: la déclaration Balfour de 1917. Celle-ci donnait aux Juifs le droit de créer un «foyer national Juif» en Palestine et d'y devenir progressivement l'ethnie majoritaire. La création d'un État ne se fera que trente ans plus tard. Une sorte de renoncement au principe de la déclaration Balfour ne se produira que dans les années 90, avec les accords d'Oslo. L'État d'Israël acceptera alors l'idée que dans le territoire de la Palestine mandataire puisse naître un État arabe-palestinien après la tentative avortée de 1948-49. Le chapitre d'ouverture introduit le thème de la relation entre le Juif et la nation italienne dans une perspective historique. La chapitre deux raconte les écrivains et les ouvrages consacrés à «l'intégration nationale» entre les années vingt et trente du XXe siècle. L'oeuvre centrale c'est «Jom Hakippurim» par Giuseppe Morpurgo (1924). Le chapitre trois se concentre sur la littérature populaire anti-juive et anti-sémite des années trente et quarante (l'ère fasciste). Les racines des romans anti-juifs sont les feuilletons du XIXe siècle, où le Juif est le caractère négatif par excellence. Le chapitre quatre analyse l'avant-garde littéraire juive italienne du XXe siècle, c'est-à-dire les écrivains Juifs consacrés à la crise de la subjectivité contemporaine: Adriano Grego, Giorgio Bassani, Giorgio Voghera, Antonio Debenedetti et Roberto Vigevani. Le chapitre cinq met l'accent sur la persécution des Juifs et sur les diverses formes romanesques entre les années quarante et quatre-vingt du XXe siècle. Le valeur littéraire des ces oeuvres c'est ne pas élevé, sauf que les cases de «La Storia» par Elsa Morante (1974) et «Se non ora, quando?» par Primo Levi (1982). Le chapitre six analyse la figure du Juif fasciste à travers quatre romans publiés dans les années soixante et quatre-vingt. Tous les personnages ne sont pas destinés a survivre à la «mort de la patrie» du Risorgimento italien. Le chapitre sept examine la figure du Juif errant à travers ses formes diverses (exotique, levantin, cosmopolite). Cette ligne est proche à le «Juif anomique», perce qu'elle joue sur le stéréotype par excellence: l'errance historique et ontologique du Juif pour des motifs religieux. Le chapitre huit se concentre sur la représentation d'Israël comme lieu de culte et espace politique. Cette ligne «chrétienne» n'a été pas visitée par des écrivains Juifs, qui n'ont montré pas des intérêt particulier pour l'histoire ancienne d'Israël, ni pour les événements biographiques de Jésus de Nazareth, ni, enfin, pour le nouvel État d'Israël. Le chapitre neuf analyse les romans de sujet Juif par Alberto Lecco et son réalisme tragique. Lecco s'interroge sur le problème de la conscience juive à travers les grands écrivains russes du XIXe siècle et la diaspora juive nord-américaine contemporaine. Les conclusions cherchent à fournir des réponses exhaustives aux différentes relations entre le Juif et la nation dans les romans italiens du XXe siècle. En l'absence d'une «nation italienne», l'imaginaire romanesque n'a pas proposé une «nationalisation parallèle» ou un «désir sioniste»: le Juif italien est toujours un Juif diasporique, «condamné» à son état de minorité nationale. Les «différences» historiques, religieuses, économiques et culturelles ont connu une difficile coexistence aux côtés du mythomoteur national. Cette condition explique pourquoi les historiens ont insisté sur le problème de l'intégration-assimilation-acculturation nationale des Juifs italiens, tandis que l'imaginaire romanesque l'a considéré comme un problème après tout d'une importance secondaire. / The aim of the thesis is to study the relationship between «Jew» and «nation» in the Italian novel of the twentieth century, departing from a specific historical event: the 1917 Balfour Declaration. This gave the Jews the right to create a «Jewish national home» in Palestine and to gradually become the majority ethnic group. The creation of a State will take thirty years later. A kind of surrender to the principle of the Balfour Declaration will happen in the 1990s through the Oslo agreements. The State of Israel accepts the very idea that in the territory of Mandatory Palestine a Palestinian-Arab state can be establish after the 1948-49 aborted attempt. The opening chapter introduces the theme of the relationship between the Jew and the Italian nation in a historical perspective. Chapter two tells the writers and books on «national integration» between 1920s and 1930s. The central novel is «Jom Hakippurim» by Giuseppe Morpurgo (1924). Chapter three focuses on popular anti-Jewish anti-Semite literature of the 1930s and 1940s (the Fascist age). The roots of anti-Jewish novels are the 19th century feuilletons, where the Jew is the negative character par excellence. Chapter four analyzes the the XXth century Italian Jewish literary avant-garde, that is to say the Jewish writers devoted to the crisis of contemporary subjectivity: Adriano Grego, Giorgio Bassani, Giorgio Voghera, Roberto Antonio and Debenedetti Vigevani. Chapter five focuses on the persecution of Jews and the various forms of novels between the 1940s and 1980s. The literary value is not high, except the cases of «La Storia» by Elsa Morante (1974) and «Se non ora, quando?» by Primo Levi (1982). Chapter six analyzes the figure of the fascist Jew through four novels published in the 1960s and 1980s. All the characters are not intended to survive to the «death of the homeland» of Italian Risorgimento. Chapter Seven considers the figure of the Wandering Jew through its various forms (exotic, Levantine, cosmopolitan). This kind is close to the «anomic Jew», because it deals with the stereotype par excellence: the historical and ontological wandering Jew for religious reasons. Chapter eight focuses on the representation of Israel as a place of worship and policy. The «Christian» genre has not been visited by Jewish writers, who have shown particular interest neither in ancient history of Israel, nor in the life events of Jesus of Nazareth, nor in the new state of Israel. Chapter Nine analyzes the Jewish novels by Alberto Lecco and its tragic realism. Lecco examines the problem of Jewish consciousness through the 19th century great Russian writers and the contemporary Jewish diaspora in North America. The conclusions try to provide comprehensive answers to the various relationships between the Jew and the nation in the XXth century Italian novels. In the absence of an «Italian nation», the novelist imaginary did not propose a «parallel nationalization» or a «Zionist desire»: the Italian Jew is always a Diaspora Jew, «condemned» to his legal status of National minority. The historical, religious, economic and cultural «differences» experienced a difficult coexistence alongside the national mythomoteur. This condition explains why historians have emphasized the problem of national integration, assimilation, acculturation National by Italian Jews, while the novelist imagination was considered a problem of secondary importance.

This thesis explores the interplay between practices of activism and planning through a focus on place. By developing an understanding of place as a multi-situated and multi-scalar concept, I show how a theoretical approach based on a revision of the concept of place can bridge and contribute to both the fields of anthropology of planning and of social movements. Providing a series of insights into the Milanese urban periferia (outskirts) this research argues that activism and planning are continuously engaged in redefining the field of political action. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, archival and historical research, my work shows the empirical interplay between planning and politics as a central arena for the shaping of broader historical and geographical tensions. A number of controversies and episodes of protest are examined to illustrate the experiences of activists and citizens involved across different periods of contemporary Milanese history. I approached these events as elements of place-making; processes where different subjectivities, practices and ideas come together as transformative, ever-changing instances. The neighbourhood of Quarto Oggiaro in the extreme outskirts of the city has provided a setting for fieldwork research to address the idea of the anthropological places as the result of a mutual constitution between myself as the researcher and the people I encountered in the field who were engaged in defining their environment. This approach resulted central to producing collaborative processes and for unfolding a relational interpretation of places. By engaging with these experiences this thesis demonstrates the need for examining the categories and practices of political and planning imagination and the multiple practices of world-making to make a significant contribution to understanding the human and social contexts of modern urban realities.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a metodologia aplicada ao ensino do italiano em contextos específicos, mais precisamente, a linguagem técnica adotada no âmbito profissional jurídico. Para alcançar essa finalidade, primeiramente, analisamos os manuais didáticos de italiano jurídico disponíveis no Brasil e destinados a um público adulto que já tenha conhecimentos básicos do idioma e sinta a necessidade de aprofundá-los por motivos pessoais, profissionais, acadêmicos etc. Além de fazer essa análise, preparamos e ministramos cursos de italiano jurídico para três grupos: um de estudantes que têm o perfil indicado nesses livros didáticos, e dois de alunos iniciantes. Nosso intuito ao propor tais cursos consistia em tentar mostrar que, se os aprendizes fazem parte do mundo jurídico, eles conseguem desenvolver o léxico específico ao mesmo tempo em que conseguem aprender/adquirir as estruturas básicas da língua italiana. Nas aulas ministradas, utilizamos um dos manuais didáticos de italiano jurídico e, também, um livro didático voltado para o público geral, entretanto não nos restringimos ao uso desses materiais, isto é, elaboramos e propusemos novas atividades. Os cursos foram avaliados pelos alunos por meio de questionários. Com base na análise da utilização dos materiais mencionados e das atividades propostas bem como nas respostas dos discentes, chegamos a algumas conclusões quanto à abordagem de ensino do italiano jurídico. / This dissertation aims at analyzing the methodology applied to teaching Italian for specific purposes, focusing on the technical language used in the legal setting. To reach this goal, we first analyzed educational materials used to teach legal Italian in Brazil which are targeted at adults with basic language skills who want to enhance those skills due to personal, academic or professional needs. We also prepared and taught Italian classes to three distinct groups: a group of students whose profile matched the target audience for those educational materials and two groups of beginners. Our goal was to show that, if beginners have a legal background, they can develop the specific legal vocabulary at the same time as they learn/acquire the basic structures of the Italian language. In our classes, we also used one of the Legal Italian teaching manuals and a book used to teach students in general. However, we did not restrict ourselves to the use of these materials, but rather prepared and used new activities in the classes. These Italian courses were assessed by students through surveys. Based on the analysis of the materials used in classes as well as the activities proposed, we reached some conclusions as to the approach to be used in teaching legal Italian courses.