In 2018, there was clear evidence that Sweden was targeted of China’s attempts to influence their media. The Chinese embassy started criticising Swedish news reporting through insults or even threats. Since 2017 the Chinese ambassador has been summoned more than 40 times to the Swedish foreign department for his spiteful attacks on the media. This thesis examines how the Swedish media has responded and is affected by threats and harassment from Chinese authorities from 2018 to 2020. The thesis is based on interviews with 10 participants from the Swedish media, and documents. The thesis shows, that threats and harassment from Chinese authorities is a unique behaviour from a state towards the Swedish media. The response to the threats and harassment is seen through strategies of adding security, showing solidarity and support and showing resistance. The affect on the Swedish media can increase a self-censorship culture, regarding reporting about China. It has made the Swedish media worried in the working and daily life. In the long run, the threats and harassment can have a negative impact on the independent journalism and the Swedish democratic society.

This diploma thesis deals with digital nomadism (modern way of teleworking, enabled mainly by the existence of internet and social networks) and implications of this phenomenon for journalistic environment and media functioning. In the Czech environment, this issue has been explored so far, and digital nomadism is rapidly changing in view of the rapid technological development of the media environment on the internet. The author wanted to add this gap to the thesis, both in theory and in primary research. Through interviews with specific digital nomads (especially Czechs and Czechs), she tries to answer basic questions about how the digital nomads actually happened, their motivation, the specifics of their work and, last but not least, whether it is possible as a digital nomad - actually a journalist to feed. The concept of digital nomadism first captures theoretically, both in general, in the context of the technological development of the media environment (new media and formats) and changes in the labor market in the journalistic environment, and specifically in terms of media theory. Specifically, it analyzes digital nomadism in the context of technological convergence and media hybridization. In particular, on the basis of available, mainly foreign literature, the concept and concept of digital...

The aim of this thesis is to compare the use of journalists as characters in Czech and US audiovisual industry, primarily cinema. As expected, the work finds that Czech cinema cannot compare with American in volume. Also, different history has led to a completely different position of journalists in culture and popular culture in both regions. The thesis tries to introduce both systems and look for reasons of absence of journalistic characters in Czech cinema. It also examines the way in which cinema is able to communicate at all and what demands can we have on the dialogue between piece of art and us. The thesis deals with the transformation of journalistic profession into genre and archetype in American mainstream cinema. The ambition of the work, which in many respects compares the present with the absence, is to describe the space in which the observed presence and absence take place. The main difficulty in elaborating the topic is the marginal size of the Czech market compared to the American and even more marginal use of the journalist as a prominent figure in it. Therefore, the thesis tries to explain why the situation with the help of professional literature rather than mapping the explicit presence of journalism in narratives of Czech and Czechoslovak films. Since Czech cinema has in many...

The newspaper industry, among other forms of journalism and media, has changed rapidly and fundamentally in the last 15-20 years due to technological and economical transformations as well as a shift in media consumption among the general public. The aim of this study is therefore to examine to what degree and how these changes and developments have affected journalists, to the extent that they exit the profession, as well as whether or not the ex-journalists still identify with the profession's ideals and democratic role in a society. The analysis is based on qualitative, semi structured interviews with eight Swedish ex-journalists, all who at some point in their journalistic careers have worked for a daily newspaper. To analyze the results, a theoretical framework consisting of parts of the role exit theory, push-pull-factors, theories of the professionalization of the journalism profession and theories of the democratic role of journalism, has been applied.    One main finding in this thesis is that the main driving force in leaving journalism, for the majority of the interviewees, was based on the economy of the newspapers they were working for and that some of the newspapers were forced to shut down or slim their production. This led to job insecurity for the journalists, less employees having to do more work and, for some, even being laid off. One other finding is that all of the interviewed ex-journalists state that they still identify with the way of working and the democratic ideals in the journalism profession to a high degree, despite working in other professions outside of journalism. This result indicates that the journalism profession, at least for the interviewed ex-newspaper-journalists, consists of shared ideals, behavior and ways of conducting the work.

The diploma thesis From an influencer to a journalist - a new form of a deprofessionalization of journalism? aims to acquaint readers with a modern trend, where influencers, people operating primarily on social media, become journalists, who create media performances. In the theoretical part, conceptions such as an influencer, social media or even the concept of a deprofessionalization of journalism are established. In the methodical part, the author chose a qualitative research method, specifically throughout interviews with influencers already participating in the media. In addition to the research method and research set, the reader is also acquainted with research questions, which were formed into interrogative questions. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the research itself. In the opening chapter, the concepts are ordered and categorized, which was later used by the author to assemble chapters Influencer, Education and practice, Employment relationship, Theoretical preparation, Working in the media and Social media. To each chapter citations from thorough interviews were implemented, which contributed as confirmation from influencers, who works or worked for the media. Thanks to open questions the closure could be made, that deprofessionalization of journalism is incorrectly linked with...

Studier om sambandet mellan journalisters självkänsla och deras arbetsprestation är ett outforskat område. Tidigare forskning har fokuserat mer kring andra variabler som begreppet självförtroende istället för självkänsla, eller andra yrken än journalistyrket. Denna studie fokuserar på självkänslan hos journalister och dess inverkan på deras arbetsprestation i dagens medielandskap. Studiens datainsamling skedde genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta verksamma journalister varav fem var kvinnor och tre var män mellan åldrarna 29-58 deltog i studien. Studiens empiri analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analys i fem steg. Under analysen identifierades tre teman: 1) Självuppfattning, 2) Relationer och 3) Makt och utsatthet. Studiens resultat visar att självkänsla har en viktig roll för verksamma journalister och deras arbetsprestation. Journalister har en unik och viktig roll i ett samhälle som vill upprätthålla demokratiska värderingar som yttrandefrihet. Sambandet mellan journalisters självkänsla och arbetsprestation blir intressant att utforska då journalistik kan påverka människors bild av omvärlden. Självkänslan hos enskilda journalister kan vara en avgörande faktor för kvaliteten på journalistiken.

Five professionals who have been working as journalist in their home countries come to Scandinavia after different kinds of terrible experiences and difficulties and there their status is refugee. They all attend to a course of radio making, radio is a new media for all of them and during the course they learn more about the media and have all by the end of the course made a radio documentary about themselves. Their documentaries were short stories about the events of their lives. More and more immigrants and refugees are coming to Scandinavia and have to build a new life in a new society. This paper explores life stories of people when integrating and seeks answers to questions why it is important to share your life story with other and could sharing your story help with integration. The interest is also in radio as a media and as a media for storytelling, what are its strengths and weaknesses and what does future hold for radio in rapidly changing media environment. The research combines two qualitative methods which are supposed to complement each other: qualitative interviews and narrative analysis for analysing radio documentaries.

Svenska journalister måste idag ha multikompetens, vilket i sin tur medfört att en person måste arbeta med flera områden som tidigare var uppdelat på flera olika personer. Problematiken i detta är att antalet anställda på dagstidningar minskar, medan trycket på journalistutbildningarna stiger.Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur journalister upplever att deras arbetsroll förändrats ur ett medietekniskt perspektiv. Den syftar även till att visa vilka digitala kompetenser journalister behöver idag för klara av det ökade kravet från omvärlden, samt för att ha en chans på arbetsmarknaden. Studien ämnar ta del av utbildningsansvarigas samt journalisters personliga upplevelser, samtidigt som den avser att kartlägga krav på digitala kompetenser bland journalister i hela Sverige.Empirin är insamlad från kvalitativa intervjuer med tre journalistutbildningsansvariga samt tre journalister. En enkätundersökning skickades ut till 200 personer från kategorierna reportrar, journalister och redaktörer aktiva på dagstidningar runtom i Sverige. Totalt resulterade den online-baserade webbenkäten i svar från 38 respondenter. Den kvalitativa insamlingen har skett genom intervjuer ansikte mot ansikte och telefonintervjuer.Studiens resultat visar att journalister upplever en stor förändring över tid vad gäller kraven att kunna behärska medieteknik. Det finns också ett tydligt ökat behov av multijournalister. Studien visar även att journalister anser vissa digitala kompetenser vara mer värdefulla än andra i sitt dagliga arbete, som exempelvis kritiskt utvärderade samt sökande och selekterande av information. Resultatet visar också att utöver den modell som Europa Kommissionen presenterat, krävs det idag att journalister kan hantera sociala medier som en digital kompetens. / Newspapers have undergone a major transformation in recent years with changing working conditions for those in the profession of journalism. Swedish journalists must have multi-skills, which means that one person has to work on several areas that which were previously divided among a bigger amount of people. A problem, which is a conclusion from these changing work conditions, is that the number of employees of newspapers is decreasing, while the pressure on journalism programs increases. This means more pressure on the job-seeking individual, so called journalist.This study aims to examine journalist’s feelings on how their job role has changed- from a media technological perspective. It also aims to demonstrate the digital skills journalists need today to cope with the increasing demand from the world and have a chance in the competitive media industry. It intends both to take part in education managers and journalists' personal experiences, but also identify requirements for digital skills among journalists throughout Sweden. The empirical data is collected through qualitative interviews with three journalists’ education managers and with three journalists. Data has also been gathered through a survey send to 200 persons with 38 respondents in the categories of reporters, journalists and editors. The interviews has been done face-to-face and through phone calls.This study’s result shows that journalists are experiencing a big change over time in terms of the requirements to be able to master the media and the ongoing greater need for multi-journalists. The results also show that journalists feel that certain digital skills are more valuable than others in their daily work. For example: Critically evaluating, searching and selection of information. The results have also shown that in addition to the already existing model that the European Commission presents on digital competence, journalists also need competence in managing different social media platforms in different types of perspectives.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur åtta journalister vid lokala medieföretag i Sverige påverkas av hot och hat i sitt yrke och hur de ser på självcensur. Åtta journalister från olika lokalmedier runt om i Sverige har intervjuats genom kvalitativa intervjuer och resultatet visar att kvinnliga journalister upplever mer frekventa och allvarliga hot jämfört med sina manliga kollegor, men det rapporterades inte om fysiskt våld direkt relaterat till deras yrke. Journalisterna visade generellt brist på rädsla för konflikter eller repressalier trots näthat och skrämmande situationer. De betonade sitt åtagande för den journalistiska integriteten och korrektheten. De visade också en stark vilja att undvika självcensur och upprätthålla journalistikens etik och pressfrihet, även när de erkände potentiella påtryckningar från arbetsgivare eller externa krafter. Sammanfattningsvis belyser studien det komplexa samspel mellan journalistikens integritet, yttre påtryckningar och det förändrade medielandskapet och ger insikt om utmaningarna och möjligheterna som journalisterna står inför i dagens samhälle.

The objective of this master thesis The image of television journalist in American television series is to unveil personality traits of main characters in five selected American series during five decades (from the beginning of the 1970s to present) by means of combination of interpretative reading and semiotic (visual) analysis, and by that interpret representation of journalists. Subsequently the typologies of journalistic characters by Brian McNair and Joe Saltzman are used to categorize 27 central figures to types or stereorypes. Majority of characters combined more different types but it could be stated that all images of journalists were positive - possibly due to bigger popularity among viewers. Simultaneously it is neccesary to point out that characters across analysed series classified to same categories are not fully identical - characters show enough resemblance for type identification but similarities are outweighed by differences.