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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / There has recently been a lot of interest in the role of traditional healers in various cultures. This study explores the merit of an integrative approach between western based psychological practices in South Africa and what is known as traditional African healing. In order to do so, this study aims to present the epistemological views of Jungian analytical theory and African healing practices. The purpose is to ascertain whether or not there are sufficient commonalities to allow for relatedness between these two worlds. Jungian analytical thought and practice is reviewed with particular reference to the collective unconscious, archetypes, complexes and dream interpretation as a pathway to individuation. The traditional healer's pervasive role within the context of the African cosmology is explored with particular reference to the understanding of the role of the ancestors, the causes of illnesses and the use of dreams, symbols and rituals in the healing process. The importance of the sacred in both healing modalities is presented. The study employs a qualitative research design with the phenomenological approach as an example of one of the traditions of this design. Interviews with five traditional healers comprise the data for the study. The data is analyzed according to the procedure recommended by Moustakas (1994). The interviews focused specifically on eliciting information regarding the calling and the training process of the traditional healer. It is proposed that the two approaches to healing investigated in this study present possible mechanisms to bridge the divide between the westernized approaches to healing and that of the non-technical practitioner. It is further proposed that this will have implications for the broadening of the training and implementation of psychology in South Africa today.

Although Ishmael does not appear to be a main character in Moby Dick, his narration is integral to the text. Only through telling the story is Ishmael able to give himself a concrete identity, which is reflected not only through himself, but through the thoughts, speeches, and actions of the other characters, specifically Ahab and the shipmates. Ishmael represents the fragmented Romantic of nineteenth century American society. He is bound by a traditional patriarchal world where he must break away from the father to establish his own identity. He has lost his connection to nature, the primal source of his beginningsùthe womb of the mother. Through his hermetic voyage into nature and back to the unconscious, he is able to reconnect to his origins. No longer is he the alienated wanderer, but recreated as the artist, able to create his own myth and identity.

Este trabalho aborda temas relacionados com o conceito e a prática do cuidado pastoral, com as contribuições da análise junguiana para a orientação e o aconselhamento cristão, bem como estuda as ligações entre a terapêutica junguiana e a poimênica. Em sua consecução, parte da assertiva de que o cuidado pastoral e o aconselhamento cristão estão vinculados aos ministérios da igreja, no sentido da diaconia, aos serviços que implicam a ajuda a pessoas e grupos, porque lhes oferece a perspectiva da fé e da revelação. Desenvolve a idéia de que a psicologia analítica pode oferecer um método adequado às necessidades cristãs, tendo em vista que a abordagem junguiana possibilita tanto a transformação e a integração dos conteúdos psíquicos, quanto uma tomada do caminho do conhecimento de si mesmo, sendo que ambas essas resultantes também apontam para os benefícios da orientação espiritual e religiosa, mostrando que este é o encontro e a relação principal entre a análise junguiana, o cuidado pastoral e a própria religião. No desenvolvimento dessas perspectivas foram exploradas as dimensões religiosas e simbólicas da psique e da teologia da cruz enquanto vértices para uma efetiva cura da alma / This paper discusses issues related to the concept and practice of pastoral care, with contributions from Jungian analysis for Christian guidance and counseling, as well as studies the links between Jungian therapy and pastoral care. To accomplish this, it is based on the assertion that the Christian counseling and pastoral care are linked to the ministries of the church, in the sense of diakonia, to the services that involve helping people and groups, because it offers them the prospect of faith and revelation. It develops the idea that analytical psychology can offer a suitable method for Christian needs, considering that the Jungian approach enables both the transformation and integration of psychic contents, as well as taking on the path of self-knowledge, and both of these results also point to the benefits of spiritual and religious guidance, showing that this is the main meeting of and relationship between Jungian analysis, pastoral care, and religion itself. In developing these perspectives religious and symbolic dimensions of the psyche and the theology of the cross as vertices for effective healing of the soul were explored.

Constatant une lente érosion de la place du religieux dans nos sociétés modernes, ainsi qu'une construction - voire un bricolage - d'une foi et d’une pratique religieuses plus individualistes, cette recherche vise à porter un regard psychanalytique jungien sur les manifestations de possessions diaboliques en tant que miroir, s'il en est un, de ces errances religieuses. Quelle place les possessions ont-elles tenue à travers l’histoire des religions chrétiennes? Comment se manifestent et comment sont reçues aujourd'hui les pérégrinations du diable? Est-il possible qu'une lecture jungienne de ces phénomènes nous amène à réaffirmer l'inévitable dissociabilité de la psyché, et comment cette variable pourrait-elle permettre au clinicien de mieux comprendre et appréhender les phénomènes de possession? Ce travail de recherche se présente tout d’abord par une confrontation d’un clinicien à deux cas de possession diabolique dans son bureau, autour desquels s’articulent ensuite plusieurs volets qui permettent d’appréhender, chacun à leur façon, un des aspects des possessions diaboliques : l’aspect historique, psychiatrique, sociologique et enfin le volet plus spécifiquement jungien. Cette recherche se conclut sur un dernier cas clinique de possession à travers lequel l’ensemble des différents volets abordés permet au clinicien d’élaborer différemment la problématique des possessions, ainsi que leur contenu archétypal. / The slow erosion of the place of religion in our modern society is leading to an increasing amount of individualistic faith and self created religious practices. This research is a Jungian psychoanalytic reading of evil possessions as potential signs of religious erring. What place have evil possessions had across Christian history, and how are they manifested and acknowledged today? The Jungian reading of such phenomena might help us discover the central role of psychological dissociation and the influence this variable plays in our comprehension of possessions. This research starts with the presentation of two cases of possessions in the office of a clinician. It is followed by an exploration of different aspects of possessions: historical, psychiatric, sociological and finally a more specific Jungian approach of the problematic. Each aspect, in turn, will elaborate a different way to look at the problematic. It is concluded by a final case of possession through which all various aspects of possession explored will enable the clinician to elaborate a different understanding of the initial cases, including an archetypal exploration.

Constatant une lente érosion de la place du religieux dans nos sociétés modernes, ainsi qu'une construction - voire un bricolage - d'une foi et d’une pratique religieuses plus individualistes, cette recherche vise à porter un regard psychanalytique jungien sur les manifestations de possessions diaboliques en tant que miroir, s'il en est un, de ces errances religieuses. Quelle place les possessions ont-elles tenue à travers l’histoire des religions chrétiennes? Comment se manifestent et comment sont reçues aujourd'hui les pérégrinations du diable? Est-il possible qu'une lecture jungienne de ces phénomènes nous amène à réaffirmer l'inévitable dissociabilité de la psyché, et comment cette variable pourrait-elle permettre au clinicien de mieux comprendre et appréhender les phénomènes de possession? Ce travail de recherche se présente tout d’abord par une confrontation d’un clinicien à deux cas de possession diabolique dans son bureau, autour desquels s’articulent ensuite plusieurs volets qui permettent d’appréhender, chacun à leur façon, un des aspects des possessions diaboliques : l’aspect historique, psychiatrique, sociologique et enfin le volet plus spécifiquement jungien. Cette recherche se conclut sur un dernier cas clinique de possession à travers lequel l’ensemble des différents volets abordés permet au clinicien d’élaborer différemment la problématique des possessions, ainsi que leur contenu archétypal. / The slow erosion of the place of religion in our modern society is leading to an increasing amount of individualistic faith and self created religious practices. This research is a Jungian psychoanalytic reading of evil possessions as potential signs of religious erring. What place have evil possessions had across Christian history, and how are they manifested and acknowledged today? The Jungian reading of such phenomena might help us discover the central role of psychological dissociation and the influence this variable plays in our comprehension of possessions. This research starts with the presentation of two cases of possessions in the office of a clinician. It is followed by an exploration of different aspects of possessions: historical, psychiatric, sociological and finally a more specific Jungian approach of the problematic. Each aspect, in turn, will elaborate a different way to look at the problematic. It is concluded by a final case of possession through which all various aspects of possession explored will enable the clinician to elaborate a different understanding of the initial cases, including an archetypal exploration.

This essay uses interviews to gather information regarding the experience and belief which exists in regards to possession within the Anglican faith. It also uses Jungian psychology to analyse these experiences and beliefs; this is interesting because even in the modern day of science, possession continues to be a phenomenon. It still occurs closer to home than we may think; a modern western country such as England, where Anglicanism is the state religion, have special ministries assigned to deal with this in every diocese. The information was gathered through interviews and literature, to give both a qualitative and a quantitative perspective. This essay presents a possible psychological explanation for the cases of possession as experienced within the Anglican faith, which provides an alternative to the distress these individuals are experiencing rather than assuming it necessarily is of a spiritual nature. It does not, however, seek to prove or disprove the possibility of a spiritual cause behind this phenomenon.