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Syftet med denna studie är att med ett genusperspektiv undersöka hur flickor respektive pojkar som misstänks för brott beskrivs i socialtjänstens yttranden som upprättas enligt § 11 i Lagen (1964:167) med särskilda bestämmelser om unga lagöverträdare. Studien baseras på 28 yttranden inhämtade från två olika domstolar i Stockholm. Yttrandena gäller 14 flickor och 14 pojkar i åldrarna 15–18 år som antingen är misstänkta för misshandel, stöld, våld mot tjänsteman eller brott mot knivlagen och andra farliga föremål. Empirin har bearbetats genom tematisk analys och analyserats utifrån begreppen genusregimer, genus, den manliga normen och avskiljandets logik, samt genusrättvetenskap. Vi har även analyserat resultaten utifrån tidigare beskrivna perspektiv på ungdomsbrottslighet. Vårt resultat visar på att det finns skillnader i beskrivningarna av flickor och pojkar, där flickor beskrivs mer positivt och pojkar mer negativt. Det finns vidare skillnader i fokus, där flickornas familjerelationer och pojkarnas fysiska hälsa och fritidsintressen betonas. Flickorna beskrivs i förhållande till sin kriminalitet som passiva och mindre farliga för samhället, medan pojkarna ses som aktiva och mer kriminellt farliga. Resultatet indikerar också att flickors kriminalitet konstrueras på olika sätt, men med övergripande kvinnligt kodade ord. För pojkarna framkommer både aggressivitet och sårbarhet i beskrivningarna. / The purpose of this study is to explore, from a gender perspective, how girls and boys accused of crimes are described in the social services' statements regarding juvenile delinquents. The study is based on 28 statements retrieved from two different courts in Stockholm. The statements concern 14 girls and 14 boys between the ages of 15 and 18 who are accused of various crimes. The empirical data has been processed through thematic analysis. Our results show that there are differences in the descriptions of girls and boys, where girls are described more positively and boys more negatively. There are also differences in focus, where girls' family relationships and boys' physical health and hobbies are emphasised to a greater extent. In relation to their criminality, girls are described as passive and less dangerous to society, while boys are seen as active subjects and more criminally dangerous. The results also indicate that girls' criminality is constructed in different ways, but with overall female-coded words. For boys, both aggressiveness and vulnerability emerged in the descriptions.

The purpose of this problem was: (1) to study the background of the high school boys of Beaumont, Texas, both those who come under the classification of juvenile delinquents and others that do not fall under this classification; (2) to find how the boys are using their leisure time; (3) what they would enjoy doing if the opportunity was afforded them; (4) to propose recommendations for an expanded recreation program of the City of Beaumont, Texas.

This dissertation examines the question of girlhood as a social and legal category, within contemporary feminist frameworks. Turning to Jamaica today, girls are disproportionately apprehended by the law and sentenced to prison for a range of so-called deviant behaviors. Colloquially, they are known as uncontrollable girls, and the law that incarcerates them, the uncontrollable law. This dissertation examines how girlhood has long been a site of Jamaican governance. I argue that the figure of the uncontrollable girl and the uncontrollable law must be analyzed as a project of state building, revealing carceral and colonial logics from chattel slavery into the present. Further, I examine the perceived deviance or vulnerability that girlhood elicits—as a dissident body that transgresses, or an innocent class in need of legal protection. Drawing across multiple discursive domains—from archival travelogues, colonial acts and amendments, to contemporary newspapers, legal documents, Jamaican literature, and ethnographic fieldwork—the dissertation situates girlhood as an analytic lens through which we might better understand how Jamaican citizenship, rights, and political futures are forestalled or qualified. The historical particularity of Jamaica exemplifies the role the state plays in discursively producing and surveilling the domestic—from the intimate register of the family to the everyday lives of girls.

The three interviews at the back of thesis are in Tswana / Teenage delinquency is a growing phenomenon in the Sebokeng area. Parents with teenagers perceived as “difficult”, feel unable to parent and discipline their children. It is not known what their perceptions are regarding their realities in relation to their children’s uncontrollable behaviour. A qualitative study was conducted to answer the following questions: What is the perception of parents with teenagers perceived as “difficult” in relation to their children’s uncontrollable behaviour? What does delinquency communicate? This study found that the behaviour of the parents and children communicates something about themselves as people, their needs, feelings and identity, sometimes on an unconscious level, as well as about their perceptions regarding the interaction between them. Neither the behaviour of the parent nor of the child should be seen in isolation. Therefore, social workers should consider what delinquency communicates about each member of the family, as well as the family as a whole. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Science (Mental health))

Children detained in juvenile detention centers in the United States are a unique population. They are neither incarcerated, nor are they free to live in society. Although some popular literature does exist on juvenile detention, such literature is minimal. Further, there are few research studies on this population in any field of inquiry. Indeed the entire subject of juvenile detention has been largely overlooked by research scientists, as well as theologians. The focus of this empirical study is the theology and spirituality of children in a single juvenile detention center in New Jersey, US. Currently, there are no studies on this topic. This study begins to address that void and represents the first theological research of its kind on this population. The methodological approach of the thesis is multi-disciplinary. While the study addresses theology and spirituality as separate categories, it also integrates theology with research in psychology and clinical mental health. The project itself consists of 200 individual, face-to-face interviews with male juvenile residents detained in the Ocean County Juvenile Detention Center, Toms River, New Jersey, US. An original questionnaire has been developed by the author as a research tool. This empirical research adds to the academic literature on children in juvenile detention centers in the United States and recommends ways that staff may communicate with children to begin a theological dialogue. Further, this thesis offers a specific methodology and research tool to be duplicated for use in other juvenile detention centers toward working with children in a concrete, evidence-based, spiritual context. v This study also includes a chapter on the evolution of the author’s spirituality and theology in the course of the project and attempts to locate the self of the researcher within the study. Finally, this thesis presents an outline for a new hermeneutic in working with children in a juvenile detention setting. This new approach represents a practical step toward bridging an existing gap between a stated need for a new hermeneutic for working with children in theological literature and its inception. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)

Annexure E: Criminal Capacity Check List (pages 61-62) is in English. The Afrikaans or Xhosa version of this document is also available on request / The aim of this explorative and descriptive study was to establish if criminologists could assist in the criminal capacity assessment of children in conflict with the law. A qualitative approach was utilised in order to obtain an in-depth understanding of the current criminal capacity assessment process and the role players involved in the process. Data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview schedule. Individual and focus group interviews were conducted with child justice practitioners. Purposive sampling was employed and data were analysed according to the methods of Rabiee as well as Morse and Field. The findings of this study indicate that the current one-dimensional medico-legal assessment approach is not in the best interest of the child. A shortage of human resources, ineffective assessment tools, inadequate training of role players, and operational problems in the criminal capacity assessment process, are all factors that hamper a successful child-centred approach. A multi-disciplinary approach was found to be the most suitable approach to assess children in conflict with the law. It was concluded that professionals from disciplines such as social work, criminology, probation work, psychology and psychiatry should form part of the multi-disciplinary criminal capacity assessment team. The important role that criminologists can play as part of this team was acknowledged in this study. It was furthermore established that the role and function of criminologists, as well as the study field of criminology, are still unfamiliar to various practitioners in the human sciences professions. Criminologists are also still regarded as crime researchers with limited practical applications in areas of the Criminal Justice System. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus in this research report is the violation of the constitutional rights of a young person in conflict with the law in the Cape Town Magisterial District. This violation is caused by the lack of collaboration between the different role players. The situation can be rectified with a policy intervention which will ensure multi-disciplinary collaboration between the role players. The researcher proves that stipulations in section 28 of the Constitution, Act 108 of 1996, are violated because the different role players in the juvenile justice system of Cape Town magisterial district work in a fragmented manner and do not operate as a unit. The young person in conflict with law is harmed in this process. The situation can be rectified through a policy intervention. The policy intervention entails a uniform administrative procedure, the drafting and implementation of a working agreement between the role players, establishing a communication network, combined and integrated training and a multi-disciplinary committee that evaluates and monitors these aspects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie navorsingverslag is die skending van die grondwetlike regte van die jong persoon in botsing met die gereg binne die Kaapstad se landdrosdistrik. Die skendings is vanweë die gebrek aan samewerking tussen die verskillende rolspelers. Die situasie kan deur middel van 'n beleidintervensie reggestel word ten einde multi-dissiplinêre samewerking tussen die rolspelers te verseker. Die navorser bewys dat bepalings in artikel 28 van die Grondwet, Wet 108 van 1996, geskend word omdat die verskillende rolspelers in die jeugregstel van Kaapstad se landdrosdistrik gefragmenteerd werk en nie as 'n eenheid funksioneer nie. Die jong persoon in botsing met die gereg word benadeel in die proses. Die situasie kan deur middel van 'n beleidsintervensie reggestel word. Die beleidsintervensie behels dat daar 'n eenvormige administratiewe proses gevolg word, 'n samewerkingsooreenkoms tussen die rolspelers opgestel word, 'n kommunikasienetwerk gevestig word, gesamentlike en geïntegreerde opleiding plaasvind en dat 'n multi-dissiplinêre komitee die gemelde aspekte evalueer en moniteer.

by Eric So Hon Kei. / Questionnarie in Chinese. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-66). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.vii / CHAPTER / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.1 / Recent Condition of Adolescent Substance Use in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Contemporary Theories of Adolescent Substance Use --- p.2 / Temperament --- p.5 / Coping --- p.8 / Cognitive Motivations for Substance Use --- p.9 / General Deviance and Substance Use --- p.10 / Objectives of Present Study --- p.12 / Chapter 2 --- METHOD --- p.15 / Participants --- p.15 / Measures --- p.21 / Procedure --- p.25 / Chapter 3 --- RESULTS --- p.26 / Data Reduction: Factor Analysis of Negative Cognitive Motivation Scale --- p.26 / Internal Consistency of Measures --- p.26 / Comparison of Substance Use Variables --- p.29 / "Comparison of Temperament, BIS/BAS, Coping and Cognitive Motivation Measures" --- p.31 / Test of Bias in Cognitive Motivation Measures --- p.35 / Predicting Degree of Heroin Use in the Heroin User Inmates --- p.38 / Chapter 4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.48 / Cognitive Motivations for Substance Use --- p.48 / Bias in Cognitive Motivations for Substance Use --- p.50 / Temperament and Ways of Coping of Heroin and Non-heroin User Inmates --- p.52 / Prediction of Degree of Heroin Use --- p.56 / Implication for Substance Use Intervention --- p.58 / Limitations --- p.59 / Summary --- p.61 / REFERENCES --- p.63 / APPENDIX --- p.67

University of Macau / Faculty of Education