No description available.

Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde, Instituto de Educação, 2011. / Submitted by EDUARDO PENA (edupenaa@hotmail.com) on 2012-10-25T03:30:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE 2.pdf: 1107602 bytes, checksum: 3be7816e1c490f861222c9ffaac5af17 (MD5) INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE.pdf: 167809 bytes, checksum: 76cc0c78d5ea79fe46ef2cba60d1ebca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gabriela Silva da Rosa(gabrielasilvadarosa@gmail.com) on 2013-07-01T23:42:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE 2.pdf: 1107602 bytes, checksum: 3be7816e1c490f861222c9ffaac5af17 (MD5) INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE.pdf: 167809 bytes, checksum: 76cc0c78d5ea79fe46ef2cba60d1ebca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-01T23:42:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE 2.pdf: 1107602 bytes, checksum: 3be7816e1c490f861222c9ffaac5af17 (MD5) INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE.pdf: 167809 bytes, checksum: 76cc0c78d5ea79fe46ef2cba60d1ebca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Esta dissertação é o resultado de um estudo realizado sobre as interações infantis e as relações de poder. A mesma foi fundamentada, principalmente, a partir de algumas contribuições do pensamento de Michel Foucault - especialmente as noções de relações de poder, instrumentos disciplinares e práticas de liberdade –,bem como de outros autores inseridos no campo reconhecido como pós-estruturalista, com dois objetivos: problematizar as temáticas das interações infantis enquanto potência de produção – de modo geral –, e analisar como as relações de poder atravessam, constituem e possibilitam as próprias ações infantis. Para atingir esse propósito foi fundamental perceber a ciência como aquela que é compreendida nas vontades de verdades dos sujeitos, o que, para o estudo aqui realizado, implica em desconfiar dos discursos que foram instaurando verdades sobre as crianças e suas ações e atrelando a elas características, muitas vezes, pautadas em faltas e ausências. Essa outra maneira de investigar desafiou e provocou meu olhar de pesquisadora, de forma a me deixar ser guiada pelas crianças e de procurar diferentes estratégias que permitissem que este trabalho acontecesse com elas. Assim, o trabalho de campo se realizou no período de Março a Abril de 2010 em um recreio escolar, na cidade de Pelotas/RS, a partir de uma bricolagem, a qual operou através do diálogo constante entre algumas ferramentas como o diário de campo, as observações, as fotografias e as conversas-entrevistas. Os entrecruzamentos feitos a partir das capturas realizadas no recreio me permitiram perceber que as interações dos sujeitos infantis são atravessadas e constituídas por relações de poder, logo, podem ser percebidas enquanto potência de produção, uma vez que as crianças são também entendidas tanto como efeito quanto produtoras do meio ao qual estão inseridas. Foi possível considerar, ainda, as interações infantis enquanto produtivas, à medida que, por meio do exercício sutil e constante de algumas estratégias e instrumentos disciplinares, elas caracterizavam o recreio escolar como uma das engrenagens que possibilita e mantém o funcionamento da maquinaria escolar, bem como permitia que outras interações, que outros jeitos de agir, de organizar as brincadeiras, de estabelecer outras regras e de ser criança fossem sendo produzidos e instituídos. Em suma, para além de mostrar as interações das crianças enquanto potência de produção, esta dissertação também permitiu olhar de outra forma para as crianças e para suas ações, uma vez que a trama de reflexões aqui tecida teve como ponto de partida as interações e as relações de poder estabelecidas entre os próprios sujeitos infantis e não as desenvolvidas entre adultos-crianças. / This dissertation is the result of a study on child interaction and power relations. The same was based mostly contributions from some of the thinking of Michel Foucault - especially the notions of power relations, disciplinary tools and practices of freedom - as well as others have entered into the field known as poststructuralism, with two objectives: to discuss the issues of child interaction as a power production - in general - and to analyze how relations of power are shaping and allow the infant's own actions. To achieve this purpose was essential to understand science as one that is understood in the minds of the subjects of truth, which, for the study conducted here, implies distrust of the speeches that were introducing truths about children and their actions and characteristics attaching to them often framed by absences. This other way of investigating challenged and caused my eyes to a researcher, to let myself be guided by the children and seek different strategies that allowed this work to happen to them. Thus, the fieldwork was conducted from March to April 2010 in a school playground in the city of Pelotas/RS, from a “bricolage”, which operated through constant dialogue between some tools like the diary, observations, photographs, interviews and conversations. The intersections made from the catch in the recreational allowed me to realize that the interactions of the subjects children are traversed and constituted by power relations, then, can be perceived as a power production, since children are also understood as the effect of both producing the means to which they belong. Could also consider the child interaction as productive as they, through the subtle and constant exercise of certain disciplinary strategies and tools, they characterized the playground as a gear that enables and maintains the operation of the school machinery and to allow other interactions with other ways to act, to organize the games, to establish other rules and to be produced and child were being imposed. In short, in addition to show the interactions of children while power production, this work also allowed to look another way for children and for their actions, since the plot was woven of reflections as a starting point the interactions and power relations established between the subjects themselves and not the children developed between adult-children.

O efeito macho, principal fator social associado a reprodução, é muito usado na estimulação da atividade cíclica durante o anestro em espécies sazonais. Há também referência da sua influência sobre a puberdade podendo acelerar idade em que esta ocorre, particularmente em suínos e ratos. O presente projeto tinha como objetivo estudar o efeito da exposição de cabritas Saanen peri-púbere ao efeito macho sobre o desenvolvimento reprodutivo em particular no padrão de comportamentos associados ao cio, perfil de estrógeno e progesterona e na expressão do gene kiss1, receptores de kisspeptinas, estrógeno e progesterona no hipotálamo, hipófise e ovário. No experimento 1, 29 cabritas Saanen entre 142,72 ± 10,61 dias idade e 24,9 ± 4,26 kg de peso, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente entre três tratamentos: 1) exposição ao macho sexualmente ativo (grupo macho); 2) exposição a fêmea androgenizada (grupo fêmea) e; 3) controle (grupo controle). Observação diária de comportamentos associados ao cio e coletas de sangue para determinação dos níveis de estradiol e progesterona foram realizadas de maio a outubro. Os grupos macho e fêmea registraram mais comportamentos associados ao cio que os animais do grupo controle. A interação social teve efeito sobre a posição da cauda, aspecto da vulva, vocalizar e deixar montar. Houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas médias de estradiol. O grupo macho registrou médias de estradiol superiores ao grupo controle. Houve interação grupo*coleta no perfil de progesterona. Os grupos macho e fêmea registraram médias significativamente mais altas comparado ao grupo controle durante o experimento. No experimento 2, 16 cabritas Saanen com 138,37 ± 3,59 dias de idade e 22,75 ± 2,43 kg de peso foram distribuídas aleatoriamente entre dois tratamentos: 1) exposição ao macho sexualmente ativo (grupo macho) e; 2) controle (grupo controle). Foram realizadas observações diárias de comportamentos associados ao cio, coletas de sangue duas vezes por semana para determinação dos níveis de estradiol e progesterona e coleta de tecidos hipotalâmico, hipofisário e ovárico (antes e 60 dias depois da exposição ao macho) para determinar a expressão do gene kiss1, receptores de kisspeptinas, estradiol e progesterona. Não houve diferença entre grupos no comportamento deixar montar. O grupo macho registrou maior frequência de comportamento montar, contudo o grupo fêmea registrou maior frequência na alteração do aspecto da vulva, deslocar e interagir. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre grupos para perfil de progesterona, a expressão de kiss1, kiss1R, ERα, ERβ e PR no hipotálamo, expressão de ERα na hipófise e ERα, ERβ e PR no ovário. Em conjunto, os resultados encontrados indicam que o nível de expressão de mRNA das moléculas estudas varia entre animais sexualmente imaturos e maduros e é influenciado pela fase de desenvolvimento folicular em animais pós-pubere. / Male effect, major social factor associated to reproduction, is mainly used to stimulate cyclic activity during anestrus period in seasonal breeder species. There are references to the influence of male effect on puberty where it can advance the age at which puberty occurs. The present project aimed to study the effect of exposure of peri-pubertal Saanen goat kids to the male effect on Sexual maturation, in particular, estrus associated behaviors, estrogen and progesterone profiles and expression of kiss1 gene, kisspeptin receptor, estradiol receptor and progesterone receptor in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary. In the first experiment, 29 Saanen kids with 142,72 ± 10,61 days of age and 24,9 ± 4,26 kg weight were randomly assigned to three treatments namely: 1) exposure to active male (male group), 2) exposure to androgenized female (female group) and 3) control (control group). Daily observation to record estrus associated behaviors and weekly blood collections for estradiol and progesterone levels determination were made from May to October. Animals subjected to the male effect (active male or female) registered more estrus associated behavior than the control group. Social interaction had effect on tail position, vulva aspect, vocalization and mounts acceptance. There were significant differences among groups on estradiol levels. The male group registered higher estradiol concentrations than the control group. There was interaction group*collection on progesterone concentrations. Animals from the female group had significantly higher progesterone means in most collections than the other groups. The male group had statistically higher progesterone averages than the control group. In the second experiment, 16 Saanen kids at age of 138,37 ± 3,59 days and 22,75 ± 2,43 kg weight were randomly assigned to exposure to 1) active male (male group) and 2) control (control group). Animals were twice daily observed for 1 h: 30 minutes for registration of estrus associated behavior and twice weekly blood samples were collected for estradiol and progesterone assessment. Hypothalamic, pituitary and ovarian tissue samples were obtained before and sixty days after exposure to male effect for assessment of expression levels for kiss1 gene, kisspeptin receptor (kiss1R), estradiol receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). There were no differences among groups for standing mount. The male group registered higher frequency for mounting, however, the control group registered higher frequency for swelling vulva, restlessness and interacting. Progesterone concentrations and mRNA expression of kiss1, kiss1R, ERs and PR in the hypothalamus, ERα in the pituitary, ERα, ERβ and PR in the ovaries were significantly different among groups. The results suggest that mRNA expression of studied molecules differs between sexually immature and mature animals and the mRNA expression is influenced by the cyclic stage in post-pubertal animals.

Considerando que a quantidade de energia ingerida pelo animal pode antecipar ou retardar o início da puberdade, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar como diferentes níveis de energia influenciam o perfil metabólico, hormonal, consumo de alimento e o peso vivo de cabritas da raça Saanen em início de puberdade (entre 227 dias de idade e peso vivo de 28,38 ± 0,91kg até 304 dias de vida e peso vivo de 39,12 ± 1,47). Desse modo, as 21 cabritas experimentais foram submetidas a três dietas, sendo: T1) dieta controle, na qual atendeu 100% do requerimento dos animais (contendo níveis nutricionais preconizados segundo o NRC (2006)); T2) decréscimo de 20% de óleo de soja em relação à dieta controle e T3) acréscimo de 20% de óleo de soja em relação à dieta controle. Durante o período experimental foram realizadas pesagens e colheita de sangue semanalmente avaliação do desempenho dos animais bem como, de suas condições fisiológicas e reprodutivas, sendo essas obtidas através da dosagem de metabólitos (glicose, colesterol, triglicerídeo, proteína, ureia) e hormônios (progesterona (P4) e estradiol (E2). Ao avaliar o desempenho dos animais verificou-se que o tratamento controle apresentou peso vivo final e consumo da matéria seca superior (p≤0,05) aos demais tratamentos, sendo o tratamento com acréscimo de 20% de óleo de soja em relação à dieta controle apresentou pior desempenho. Porém, ao analisar as médias dos hormônios E2 e P4 ao final do período experimental foi constatado que os animais que receberam dieta com acréscimo de energia tiveram médias superiores (p≤0,05) aos demais quanto à concentração plasmática de progesterona, percentual de ovulação (considerando níveis de P4 acima de 1 ng/ml) e percentual de manifestação de estro (concentração de E2 acima de 30 pg/ml). Quanto aos metabólitos, os animais que foram submetidos ao decréscimo de energia em sua dieta apresentaram níveis de ureia e colesterol superiores (p≤0,05) aos da dieta com acréscimo de energia. Contudo, com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que o ideal é manter a dieta controle, pois os índices para percentual de estro, ovulação e perfil metabólico são satisfatórios, bem como o consumo e peso vivo final dos animais. / Whereas the amount of energy intake by the animal can advance or delay the start of puberty, this study has for objective evaluate how different energy levels influence the metabolic profile, hormonal, food intake and body weight of female goat kids Saanen in early puberty (between 227 days of age and body weight of 28.38 ± 0.91 kg to 304 days of age and body weight of 39.12 ± 1.47). Twenty one Saanen female kids were submitted to three experimental diets: T1) control diet which met the requirement of 100% of the animals (containing nutrient levels recommended according to the NRC (2006)) T2) decrease of 20% oil soybean compared to the control diet and T3) increase of 20% soybean oil compared to the control diet. In the experimental period were performed weights and blood samples weekly for posterior evaluation of the performance of the animals as well as their reproductive and physiological conditions, which were obtained through the measurement of metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, protein, urea) and hormones (progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). In evaluating the performance of the animals was found that the control treatment showed higher final body weight and intake of dry matter (p ≤ 0.05) than other treatments, the treatment with an increase of 20% soybean oil in relation to diet control showed poorer performance. However, when analyzing the means of hormones E2 and P4 at the end of the experimental period it was found that animals fed the diet with an increase of energy had higher mean (p ≤ 0.05) to the other as the plasma progesterone concentration, percentage of ovulation (P4 levels more than 1 ng / ml) and percentage of expression of oestrus (E2 concentrations more than 30 pg / ml). As for metabolites, animals that were subjected to the decrease of energy in their diet had higher levels of urea and cholesterol (p ≤ 0.05) to the diet with an increase of energy. However, based on the results obtained gives to conclude that the ideal is to maintain the control diet, because the indices for percentage of oestrus, ovulation and metabolic profiles are satisfactory, and the consumption and final body weight of the animals.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur barnen i förskolan diskuterar sina kunskaper i ämnena fysik och teknik, samt om de använder fysikaliska och tekniska fenomen när de försöker att lösa ett konstruktionsproblem. Studien är utförd på en förskola i ett brukssamhälle i Sverige där fjorton barn i ålder 3 till 6 år deltog. Metoden i studien är en småskalig kvalitativ etnografisk studie där materialet har samlats in genom att göra fältanteckningar och att spela in barnens diskussioner. Litteraturdelen i studien presenterar tidigare forskning samt vad den tidigare forskningen visat. En sociokulturell teoretisk utgångspunkt används till grund för studien. Studiens resultat visar att barnens kunskaper och erfarenheter om fysikaliska och tekniska fenomen kommer fram genom diskussioner. Studiens slutsats är att barnen har kunskaper och erfarenheter om fysiska och tekniska fenomen, som de använder för att förstå sin omvärld och för att hitta lösningar på liknande problem. / The purpose of the study is to examine how the children in preschool discuss their knowledge in the subjects physics and technology, and whether they use physical and technical phenomena when they try to solve a construction problem. The study was conducted at a preschool in an industrial community in Sweden, where fourteen children aged 3 to 6 participated. Method of the study was a small-scale qualitative ethnographic study where the material has been collected by making field notes and recording children's discussions. The literature part of the study presents previous research as well as what the previous research showed about the subject. A socio-cultural perspective is used as the base for the study. The results of the study show that children's knowledge and experiences of physical and technological phenomena emerges through discussions. The study's conclusion is that children have knowledge and experience about the physical and technological phenomena that they use to understand their world and to find solutions to similar problems.

The study examined relations between a cross-cultural geographically mobile childhood and adult cultural identity, attachment to cross-cultural identities (CCIs) and self-esteem. CCIs are loosely defined identities (e.g., third culture kids [TCKs], military brats, missionary kids) that describe some individuals' childhood cross-cultural experience. The 475 participants spent at least two years before age 18 in a culture different from their parents' and completed an online survey including childhood cross-cultural experiences, Cultural Homelessness Criteria, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Self Label Identity Measure (SLIM) that captured strength of affirmation, belonging and commitment to any CCI. Cultural homelessness (CH) was related to lower self-esteem; higher SLIM scores was related to higher self-esteem and lower CH. TCKs reported lower self-esteem than non-TCKs and older participants experienced less CH and higher self-esteem. SLIM scores buffered the CH-self-esteem relationship, whereas a TCK CCI and having more cross-culturally experienced social networks did not.

The thesis is focused on the elaboration of a business plan for the organization of summer football camps for children between 6 to 12 years old. The thesis describes the theoretical background needed to develop a business plan. The practical part also deals with market analysis, marketing research and business plan design.

In Zambia, it is true to say that people are politically free but materially still very poor, 49 years after independence which was attained in 1964. Many people lie below poverty datum-line and those that are, most hit, are the people living in rural areas. Many people are flocking from the rural areas to cities, leaving the old people, women and children in rural areas and in poverty. The levels of poverty in Zambia have reached a crisis, that even the president of Zambia, His Excellence Mr. Michael Chilufya Sata, acknowledged this fact during his parliamentary address to the second session of the 11th National assembly broadcast live on Zambia National broadcasting Network in September 2012. The church is challenged by conditions under which the rural dwellers find themselves in. As a church, our political liberation is to be transformed and driven by the will to restructuring and healing our society; thus ultimately developing those individuals who are suffering in the rural areas of the country. In Zambia, the church should accept that the missionaries who brought the gospel from western countries worked very well in the area of community development. The missionaries’ work and their care for the poor should inspire the churches today to be willing to help the poor rural people to be transformed. The good thing the United Church of Zambia could learn from the early missionaries is that the Christian church needs to be committed and involved in the plight of the poor. The church cannot ignore the socio – economic issues that affect rural poor communities. The United Church of Zambia should be transformed and made to understand that human liberation is not possible, if the political and economic issues are not equally addressed, a human being is not only the soul but also, consist of body and mind. The Christian church must bring a holistic ministry to the suffering people. The church; especially the United Church of Zambia, should understand that economic freedom is a reality which cannot be separated from people’s daily life. The church should learn to listen and act as ‘a midwife’ and a place of safety. She must be willing to suffer with the poor, for the sake of the poor. While the church is committed to development issues, let it also not lose sight of spiritual issues. Therefore, the church leadership should serve as a role model in human and community development. The Christian church should use the gospel to change the mind-set of the rural poor in order to help them transform their living standards. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Practical Theology / unrestricted

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the survivability of goat kids to weaning, in a small-scale communal grazing system. Goat kids are the most vulnerable component of communal goat flocks and increasing their survival could increase productivity. Some of the main factors which contributed towards kid survivability were evaluated and ranked and cost benefit analysis was done. Initially 20 farmers in Jericho District, North West Province, were subjected to a structured interview. The mean age of farmers was 68.9 years and the mean number of does was 11. Thirteen farmers remained in the trial throughout and were visited once a month. The average number of does for farmers remained in the trial was 13. Body condition scores of does were estimated, kids were weighed, faecal samples were collected and the veld evaluated. Management and socio-economic aspects were observed and informal discussions were conducted with farmers. Goat housing was evaluated using a housing checklist. Monthly precipitation and temperature data were recorded. Survivability to weaning of 63% of kids was recorded from the total number of kids born (131) from 170 does of the 13 farmers who remained in the trial. The flocks of goats examined were parasitised by Haemonchus contortus, Trichuris globulosa, Coccidia as well as Moniezia. Although faecal egg counts were relatively low, there was a significant correlation with kid mortalities. Three of the six goats submitted for necropsy also died of internal parasites. The species of ticks were Amblyoma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus spp. Lice species found were identified as Bovicola caprae, Bovicola limbatus and Linognathus africanus using scanning electron microscopy. Flea infestation was observed in three flocks, the flea species was identified as Ctenocephalides felis felis. Management was found to be suboptimal and in 92.31% of flocks, housing was inadequate. Build-up of faeces and poor drainage probably contributed to internal parasites. Other factors such as climate and feeding could not be correlated to kid mortalities. Cost benefit analysis suggested that strategic de-worming and improvement of hygiene and drainage in the housing would be the most affordable and effective way to reduce mortalities in kids. / Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Paraclinical Sciences / unrestricted

Strong Kids is a social-emotional curriculum designed to reduce students' externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Strong Kids has shown promise in elementary school, but this was the first study to evaluate the newly updated version of the intervention in a middle school setting. The curriculum was implemented by two general education teachers with students at-risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. A mixed method design was used to evaluate outcomes with eight middle school students. Overall findings suggest that Strong Kids was effective at improving students' social emotional knowledge and internalizing symptoms; however, there were no significant changes in students' externalizing symptoms. Teachers were able to implement the curriculum with fidelity. Teachers and students also found the curriculum to be predominantly positive. Future studies should include a larger sample size, control group, and follow up data points.