In recent years, a new generation of architecture has emerged in the world of computer networks, known as software-defined networking (SDN), that aims to improve and remove the limitations of traditional networks. Although SDN provides viable benefits, it has faced many security threats and vulnerability-related issues. To solve security issues in the SDN, one of the most vital solutions is employing an intrusion detection system (IDS). Merging IDS into the SDN network remains efficient due to the unique features of SDN, such as high manageability, flexibility, and programmability. In this paper, we propose a new approach as a kangaroo-based intrusion detection system (KIDS), which is an SDN-based architecture for attack detection and malicious behaviors in the data plane. Designing a zone-based architecture in the KIDS assists us in achieving a distributed architecture which is scalable in both area and anomaly detection. In the KIDS architecture, the IDS module supplies the flow-based and packet-based intrusion detection components based on monitoring packet parser and Flow tables of the SDN switches. In the proposed approach, the IDS uses consecutive jumps like a kangaroo for announcing the attacks both to the SDN controller and other IDSs, contributing to improved scalability and efficiency. The evaluation of the proposed approach shows an enhanced performance against that of peer approaches in detecting malicious packets.

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Since the federal budget for EFNEP is over $66 million, it is crucial to know the effectiveness of program attributes that may bolster its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine how effectiveness of Youth EFNEP programs in Virginia is affected by participant, instructional and curriculum attributes for youth enrolled in Healthy Weight for Healthy Kids (HWHK). An ordered probit model was employed to study how these attributes affect dependent variables: Whole Grain, Fruits, Colored Vegetables, MyPlate, and Breathe Hard behavioral scores. The model assessed the probability of a participant having an improved score or improved behavior. Participant Attributes Results: In general, the chosen variables for participant characteristics consistently reduced the probability of participants having an improved behavior score. Instructional Attributes Results: African Americans Program Assistants were consistently associated with negative marginal effects on positive behavioral scores with the exception of the positive Breathe Hard behavioral score. Other PA attributes were not consistently associated with any behavioral models but were heterogeneous in terms of their marginal effects on the positive behavioral scores. Curriculum Attributes results: The curriculum attributes had more positive marginal effects than negative marginal effects across all the five behavioral scores. Attributes that were consistently associated with having a positive marginal effect on behavioral scores were program duration, smart foods lesson, and lesson duration. Other HWHK lessons were not consistent in increasing or reducing the probability of an improved behavior. / Master of Science

Sport media has been a known producer of traditional gender images that reflect inequality between sexes. Sport media has been studied endlessly, but one aspect that has not fostered as much attention is sport media, advertising, and children. Sports Illustrated for Kids is the only sport media print magazine for children, with a readership age of 8-15 years old. Images and gender stereotypes have been used continuously by advertising companies to sell products to consumers. Children in particular cannot accurately determine between content that is meant to inform and content that is meant to sell. This study examined whether editorial and advertising images in Sports Illustrated for Kids reflects actual participation rates of athletic activities based on gender in issues from the past decade. Utilizing past research, this study looked at overall numbers and stereotypes by examining factors such as state of dress, photo angle, and motion in photograph. Findings show that females are still under and misrepresented in SIK. Even so, findings of this study suggest representation of women in team neutral sport such as soccer and basketball is on the rise. Findings could have implications for SIK's young readership as well as highlight a need for more education about advertising and editorial practices being implemented. / Master of Arts / Sport media has been a known producer of traditional gender images that reflect inequality between sexes. Sport media has been studied endlessly, but one aspect that has not fostered as much attention is sport media, advertising, and children. Sports Illustrated for Kids is the only sport media print magazine for children, with a readership age of 8-15 years old. Images and gender stereotypes have been used continuously by advertising companies to sell products to consumers. Children in particular cannot accurately determine between content that is meant to inform and content that is meant to sell. This study examined whether editorial and advertising images in Sports Illustrated for Kids reflects actual participation rates of athletic activities based on gender in issues from the past decade. Utilizing past research, this study looked at overall numbers and stereotypes by examining factors such as state of dress, photo angle, and motion in photograph. Findings show that females are still under and misrepresented in SIK. Even so, findings of this study suggest representation of women in team neutral sport such as soccer and basketball is on the rise. Findings could have implications for SIK’s young readership as well highlight a need for more education about advertising and editorial practices being implemented.

Anotation: This thesis deals with leisure activities of children of preschool age and children of school age and it is trying to discover their favorite activities and interests, regularly visited leisure and quantity of it. The theoretical part deals with terms as free time, family, child of preschool age and child of school age, education in free time. It also deals with overloaded children and with problems associated with overloading. The aim of this thesis is the evaluation and analysis how children of preschool age and children of school age spending their free time. Through research questions we were trying to find out how children spend their free time and how many aktivities do they have in their free time. The empirical part contains the analysis of used methods , research investigation in the kindergarten and primary school in Martin. It also includes treatment of results - Its processed in tables, graphs and written comments.

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This study analyzes the evolution of how the male gender is portrayed in five Academy Award winning animated films, starting in the year 2002 when the category was created. Because there have been seventeen award winning films in the animated film category, and there is a limitation regarding the scope for this paper, the winner from every fourth year have been analyzed; resulting in five films. These films are: Shrek (2001), Wallace and Gromit (2005), Up (2009), Frozen (2013) and Coco (2017). The films selected by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in the Animated Feature film category tend to be both critically and financially successful, and watched by children, young adults, and adults worldwide. How male heroes are portrayed are generally believed to affect not only young boys who are forming their identities (especially ages 6-14), but also views on gender behavioral expectations in girls.

This thesis tests the necessity of terrorism in articulating Homeland Security citizenship. Chapter 1 orients the study, reviewing relevant literature. Chapter 2 examines the USDHS Ready Kids program's Homeland Security Guide, mapping a baseline for how Homeland Security citizenship is articulated with the overt use of terrorism. Chapter 3 investigates the USDHS Ready Kids program, charting the logic of Homeland Security citizenship when the threat of terrorism is removed from sense making about preparedness. Chapter 4 compares the findings of Chapters 2 and 3, evaluating the similarities and differences between these two articulations of Homeland Security citizenship and concluding that the logic that cements Homeland Security into American society does not depend on the threat of terrorism against the United States.

This text is partial record and narrative of the process and productions of Orphans by Lyle Kessler that opened on March 29th 2007 for a four day run ending on April 1st, The Pillowman by Martin McDonagh that opened October 28th 2007 for a three day run ending on October 30th, and Terra Nova by Ted Tally that opened on February 21st 2008 for a four day run ending on February 24th. The majority of the text follows the three shows from Spring 2007, Fall 2007, to Spring 2008, focusing on the process of direction of each production. Incorporated in the writing are the experiences, lessons, and complications that arose while directing the three shows. The text contains several notes on directing, acting, collaboration, choreography, casting, rehearsal and different perspectives on the creative process of the productions: all combined create an aesthetic inherent in the author's three years of study at the Virginia Commonwealth University Theatre Pedagogy Program with an emphasis in Acting and Directing.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a flutuação de anticorpos séricos em cabras no período pré e imediatamente pós-parto e a eficiência do processo de aquisição de imunidade passiva em cabritos recém-nascidos utilizando colostro caprino e bovino, contribuindo para a avaliação de uma alternativa de manejo de colostro e o melhor conhecimento do mecanismo de formação e transferência de imunidade passiva. Foram utilizadas 18 cabras e suas respectivas crias, 33 animais, sendo 19 fêmeas e 14 machos. Os animais foram distribuídos ao acaso em dois grupos que receberam às 0, 12, 24 e 36 horas de vida colostro caprino (grupo A) e colostro bovino (grupo B). As coletas de sangue das cabras foram iniciadas 45 dias antes da data prevista para o parto, em intervalos de 5 dias, até o 5o dia após o parto. Amostras de sangue dos cabritos foram coletadas às 0, 12, 24 e 48 horas, e aos 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 e 60 dias de idade. As variáveis séricas analisadas foram proteína total (PT), através do método do biureto, e imunoglobulinas (Ig) através dos métodos de imunodifusão radial (IDR) e turvação por sulfato de zinco (ZST). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e as variáveis séricas analisadas como medidas repetidas no tempo. A ausência de queda significativa na concentração sérica de PT e Ig no período pré-parto indica que a mobilidade destes componentes séricos para a glândula mamária ocorre em concentrações que permitem que o animal mantenha esses valores estáveis. O grupo A apresentou valores máximos de PT e Ig séricas mais tardiamente aos 20,05±1,36 e 20,11±1,72 dias de vida, e as médias foram de 5,91±0,22 g/dL e 28,17±2,05 unidades ZST, respectivamente. Neste grupo as variáveis PT e Ig após o acréscimo inicial, entre a primeira e segunda data, permanecem sem alteração ao longo do período experimental. No grupo B a data de concentração máxima de PT foi verificada nas 48,68±0,70 horas de vida, com média de 7,16±0,28 g/dL e a data de concentração máxima de Ig foi verificada às 48,75±0,73 horas de vida, com média de 37,56±2,38 unidades ZST. Em seguida, os valores decresceram gradativamente, em função do catabolismo das imunoglobulinas adquiridas. Os resultados indicam que o colostro caprino pode ser substituído pelo colostro bovino apresentando vantagens para cabritos recém-nascidos na aquisição inicial de Ig sérica. Determinou-se a correspondência dos valores de ZST em mg/mL de IgG através de análises comparativas de imunoglobulinas presentes em amostras séricas, obtidas do grupo B (colostro bovino) nas primeiras 48 horas de vida usando os métodos de IDR e ZST. Foi encontrado um coeficiente de correlação de 0,725, indicando a existência de associação entre unidades ZST e a concentração de imunoglobulina em mg/mL, permitindo, deste modo estimar o nível de imunoglobulina sérica através do método ZST. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the fluctuation of serum antibodies in goats pre and immediately post partum period and the passive immunity acquisition efficiency in goat kids fed caprine and bovine colostrum, contributing for an evaluation of colostrum management alternative and a better knowledge of passive immunity formation and transference mechanism. Eighteen goats and their respective offspring, 33 animals, 19 females and 14 males, were used. Animals were randomly distributed in two groups that received at 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours after birth, caprine colostrum (group A) and bovine colostrum (group B). Goat blood samples collection started 45 days before the birth predicted date, with intervals of 5 days until the 5th day post partum. Goat kids blood samples were collected at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours, and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days of age. Serum variables analyzed were total protein (TP), by biurete method, and immunoglobulin (Ig) by radial immunodiffusion (IDR) and zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) methods. A completely randomized desing was used with serum variables analyzed as repeated measures on time. The absence of significant fall on TP and Ig serum concentration in pre partum period, indicates that the mobility of these serum components to mammary gland occurs in concentrations that allow these animals to keep the stability of these values. Group A showed maximum values for serum TP and Ig later than group B, at 20.05±1.36 and 20.11±1.72 days after birth, and the means were 5.91±0.22 g/dL and 28.17±2.05 ZST units, respectively. In this group the variables TP e Ig after an initial increase, between first and second experimental date, remain without alterations through the experimental period. In group B, the highest concentration date for TP was observed on the 48.68±0.79 hours after birth, with means of 7.16±0.28 g/dL and the highest concentration date for Ig at 48±0.73 hours after birth, with mean of 37.56±2.38 ZST units. After this period the values gradually decreased, mainly function of acquired Ig catabolism. The results indicate that caprine colostrum can be used as a replacer for bovine colostrum showing advantages for the newborn in the initial acquisition of serum Ig status. ZST values correspondence in mg/mL of IgG was determined through comparative analyses of immunoglobulin present in serum samples from group B at first 48 hours after birth using the IDR and ZST methods. A correlation coefficient of 0.725 was found, indicating the existence of association between ZST units and Ig concentration in mg/mL, allowing to estimate the level of serum Ig through ZST method.