This project employs qualitative content analysis (QCA) and secondary data to examine howNyamnjoh’s (2016, p. 25-29) analysis of vertical communication processes in hierarchical societies explains the social hierarchy and communication processes that manifested in Democratic Kampuchea (DK) under the rule of the Khmer Rouge (KR) between 1975-1979. This study argues that although Nyamnjoh’s analysis does not capture the complexity ofDemocratic Kampuchea’s (DK) social hierarchy and communication processes in terms of the outright replacement of one hierarchy by another, the negotiation of meaning, and the circularity of power, it is still effective in explaining the power dynamics, representation practices, andsocial communication processes of the Khmer Rouge (KR) leadership in Democratic Kampuchea (DK) and similar contexts of vertical communication processes in hierarchical societies.

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Whereas reconciliation in Cambodia has mostly received academic attention in terms ofanalyzing state-institutions, this thesis explores the role of civil society actors. Of particularinterest is the impact, grass-root efforts can have on promoting an inclusive group identitythrough educational means. This will be researched through the analysis of attitudes towardselements of an inclusive group identity held by pre-service teachers, who were interviewedbefore and after they took part in a so-called genocide education workshop organized by theDocumentation Center of Cambodia. These attitudes will be examined in terms of theirjustifications, and if the workshop influenced their quantity as well as quality. In addition, bytaking into account justifications of attitudes supporting an inclusive group identity, threecommon denominators will be identified that can help strengthening the impact of futureeducational efforts within the framework of reconciliation. Of particular interest in this regardwill be the finding highlighting the relation of functionalist perception of perpetrators thatproofed to be supportive of the interviewees` acceptance of an inclusive group identity.

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This diploma thesis at first analyzes the brutal regime in Cambodia beetween the years 1975-1979. The goal for the readers is briefly to describe this Khmer Rouge regime. It was inhuman and genocide regime which, after taking control of this land began to implement a huge social experiment. This experiment resulted into two milions deads. One half of the diseases, overwork and starvation, one half of the executions. The purpose of this big disaster was a attempt to put this southeast Asia land into self-sufficiency agriculture state. This situation was a work of a small group of people. The main of them was o Pol Pot. In the second part diploma describes a reflection of this regime in communist Czechoslovakia. This part is based on the research in newspapers of this era and research in archive of Ministry of external affairs. The regime in Czechoslovakia was a communist and very conform to foreign policy of the Soviet Union. So the articles in the communist press was not the official statepoint of Czechoslovak govement. At first the governement was a very happy of winning the new regime, because the previous Lon Nol's was very fixed to the United States. After the year 1976 the locals confrontations beetween Cambodia and Vietnam began. In this time carried on the clash beetween China and Soviet...

This diploma thesis at first analyzes the brutal regime in Cambodia beetween the years 1975-1979. The goal for the readers is briefly to describe this Khmer Rouge regime. It was inhuman and genocide regime which, after taking control of this land began to implement a huge social experiment. This experiment resulted into two milions deads. One half of the diseases, overwork and starvation, one half of the executions. The purpose of this big disaster was a attempt to put this southeast Asia land into self-sufficiency agriculture state. This situation was a work of a small group of people. The main of them was o Pol Pot. In the second part diploma describes a reflection of this regime in communist Czechoslovakia. This part is based on the research in newspapers of this era and research in archive of Ministry of external affairs. The regime in Czechoslovakia was a communist and very conform to foreign policy of the Soviet Union. So the articles in the communist press was not the official statepoint of Czechoslovak govement. At first the governement was a very happy of winning the new regime, because the previous Lon Nol's was very fixed to the United States. After the year 1976 the locals confrontations beetween Cambodia and Vietnam began. In this time carried on the clash beetween China and Soviet...

This study analyses the role and influence of rural Khmer women on their families and society, focusing on their formation of religious identity. Based on literature research, the role and influence of Khmer women is examined from the perspectives of history, the belief systems that shape Cambodian culture and thinking, and Cambodian social structure. The findings show that although very few Cambodian women are in high leadership positions, they do have considerable influence, particularly within the household and extended family. Along the lines of their natural relationships they have many opportunities to influence the formation of religious identity, through sharing their lives and faith in words and deeds with the people around them. A model based on Bible storying is proposed as a suitable strategy to strengthen the natural influence of rural Khmer women on forming religious identity and use it intentionally for the spreading of the gospel in Cambodia. / Research Institute for Theology and Religion / M. Th. (Missiology)

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between the Khmer Rouge tribunal in Cambodia and the national reconciliation process. A qualitative method involving secondary source analysis as well as field study interviews is being used. The point of departure is a theoretical framework of reconciliation assembled from different sources, as there seems to be no coherent and widely accepted framework available for use. An analysis model is constructed, focusing on the concepts of justice and truth. The findings indicate that reconciliation is nowhere near fulfillment, although a few steps towards national reconciliation have been taken. The Cambodian process of reconciliation is only at its earliest stages. Furthermore, the findings suggest that there is a strong relationship between the tribunal and the reconciliation process, inasmuch as the tribunal is perceived to have positive effects on reconciliation, and that continued reconciliation would not be possible without the tribunal. The tribunal is not the only part in reconciliation though, it is a necessary but not sufficient precondition for continued reconciliation. The tribunal can not bring reconciliation close to fulfillment on its own, other mechanizms must be involved in order to do so.

This doctoral thesis discusses the manifestations of animism among Khmers in Cambodia and in south Vietnam. The subject is viewed from the culturally-anthropological perspective and attention is paid primarily to the specifics that are present in the everyday life of Khmers. The paper characterizes the manifestations of animism within the scope of the selected hypotheses and perceives this topic through various ethnological paradigms. The doctoral thesis marginally introduces animism as a phenomenon, the Khmer as a people, animistic rituals, and traditional Khmer feasts. Furthermore, the paper focuses on the importance of the shaman and other spiritual figures in the Khmer religious conception, the topic of healing, rites of passage, specific Khmer supernatural entities, and places where they are worshipped. The entire thesis includes the comparison of theoretical knowledge with the results of empirical research in selected areas. Using specific examples, it is demonstrated that animism is a part of syncretism, which is still an important component of the Khmer culture and significantly influences important life decisions. Rather than a unified discourse that would strictly subscribe to linear composition, the doctoral thesis is a prolegomenon to the phenomenon of animism in the Khmer culture and...

Text in German / This study explores the religious responsiveness of the rural Khmer in the location of Snoul, Kratie in Cambodia. After setting a methodological framework, both missiologically and empirically, a historical overview and religious developments are presented. With the methods of qualitative social research, the religiosity of the rural Khmer is elicited, by using the religious dimensions of rituals, experience, knowledge, meaning of life and ethics as described by Glock. The empirical results demonstrate that religious experience is central to the religiosity of the Khmer, through which they hope to achieve joy, peace and success. The religious experience is, however, twofold. One is focused on the present life; the other is future-oriented. Reflecting the empirical findings missiologically, it will be argued, that the missional encounter to the religious context requires a holistic approach: a narrative theology, spiritual encounter with evil powers, and an incarnational ministry as good news to the poor. / Diese Arbeit untersucht die religiöse Ansprechbarkeit der ruralen Khmer in der Lokation Snoul, Kratie in Kambodscha. Nachdem die methodologischen Voraussetzungen, missiologisch als auch empirisch erörtert sind, werden ein historischer Überblick und die religiösen Entwicklungen dargelegt. Mit den Methoden der qualitativen Sozialforschung und anhand der Dimensionen von Glock wird die Religiösität der ruralen Khmer eruiert, die das Ritual, Erfahrung, Wissen, Sinn im Leben (Ideologie) und das ethische Verhalten betreffen. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass religiöse Erfahrungen zentral für die Religiösität der Khmer sind, in der nach Freude, Glück und Gelingen (FGG) gestrebt wird. Die religiöse Erfahrung ist aber zweigeteilt: Die eine auf die Gegenwart fokussiert, während die andere zukunftorientiert ist. In der missionstheologischen Reflektion wird festgestellt, dass eine missionale Begegnung mit dem religiösen Kontext, einen ganzheitlichen Zugang verlangt, welche sowohl eine narrative Theologie, eine geistliche Begegnung mit den bösen Mächten und ein inkarnatorischen Dienst als das Evangelium für die Armen, beinhaltet. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)