A presente discussão e uma extensão do modelo de cinética pontual de nêutrons, onde a reatividade e decomposta em termos de contribuição de curtas e longas escalas de tempo. A primeira representa o controle operacional do reator, enquanto a segunda e devido a alteração da composição química do combustível nuclear, como consequência do burn-up. E um primeiro passo em uma nova direção, uma vez que considera os efeitos dos principais venenos na cinética de nêutrons, ou seja, Xenônio-135 e Sam ario-149. O modelo proposto consiste em um sistema de equações não-lineares acoplado para a densidade de nêutrons, para os precursores de nêutrons atrasados e para as cadeias de decaimento dos venenos produtos de fissão. O sistema de equações e resolvido através de um método de decomposição, que expande os termos não-lineares em uma série infinita, obtendo um sistema recursivo, onde a inicialização da recursão e uma equação linear homogênea e os passos de recursão subsequentes consideram contribuições não-lineares como termo fonte constru dos em passos de recursão anteriores. A construção hierárquica do modelo também e realizada, onde graus espaciais de liberdade são considerados. São apresentados casos de estudos com várias estruturas temporais afim de mostrar a robustez da abordagem atual para este tipo de problema. / The present discussion is an extension to Neutron point kinetics models, where the reactivity is decomposed in a short and a long term contribution. The rst one represents operational reactor control, whereas the second one is due to the change of the chemical composition of the nuclear fuel as a consequence of burn-up. This is a rst step into a new direction where we consider only the e ects of the principal neutron poisons on neutron kinetics, i.e, Xenon-135 and Samarium-149. The proposed model consists in a system of coupled nonlinear equations for the neutron density, the delayed neutron precursors and the neutron poison decay chains. The equation system is solved using a decomposition method, which expands the non-linear terms in an in nit series, obtaining a recursive system, where the recursion initialization is a homogeneous linear equation and the subsequent recursion steps consider the non-linear contributions as source terms constructed from previous recursion steps. A hierarchical construction of the model is also performed, where spatial degrees of freedom are considered. We present case studies with severe time structure in order to show the robustness of the present approach for this kind of problems.

A presente discussão e uma extensão do modelo de cinética pontual de nêutrons, onde a reatividade e decomposta em termos de contribuição de curtas e longas escalas de tempo. A primeira representa o controle operacional do reator, enquanto a segunda e devido a alteração da composição química do combustível nuclear, como consequência do burn-up. E um primeiro passo em uma nova direção, uma vez que considera os efeitos dos principais venenos na cinética de nêutrons, ou seja, Xenônio-135 e Sam ario-149. O modelo proposto consiste em um sistema de equações não-lineares acoplado para a densidade de nêutrons, para os precursores de nêutrons atrasados e para as cadeias de decaimento dos venenos produtos de fissão. O sistema de equações e resolvido através de um método de decomposição, que expande os termos não-lineares em uma série infinita, obtendo um sistema recursivo, onde a inicialização da recursão e uma equação linear homogênea e os passos de recursão subsequentes consideram contribuições não-lineares como termo fonte constru dos em passos de recursão anteriores. A construção hierárquica do modelo também e realizada, onde graus espaciais de liberdade são considerados. São apresentados casos de estudos com várias estruturas temporais afim de mostrar a robustez da abordagem atual para este tipo de problema. / The present discussion is an extension to Neutron point kinetics models, where the reactivity is decomposed in a short and a long term contribution. The rst one represents operational reactor control, whereas the second one is due to the change of the chemical composition of the nuclear fuel as a consequence of burn-up. This is a rst step into a new direction where we consider only the e ects of the principal neutron poisons on neutron kinetics, i.e, Xenon-135 and Samarium-149. The proposed model consists in a system of coupled nonlinear equations for the neutron density, the delayed neutron precursors and the neutron poison decay chains. The equation system is solved using a decomposition method, which expands the non-linear terms in an in nit series, obtaining a recursive system, where the recursion initialization is a homogeneous linear equation and the subsequent recursion steps consider the non-linear contributions as source terms constructed from previous recursion steps. A hierarchical construction of the model is also performed, where spatial degrees of freedom are considered. We present case studies with severe time structure in order to show the robustness of the present approach for this kind of problems.

This thesis is split in two different topics. Firstly, we study anomalous transport from kinetic models. Secondly, we consider the equations coming from weak wave turbulence theory and we study them via mean-field limits of finite stochastic particle systems. $\textbf{Anomalous transport from kinetic models.}$ The goal is to understand how fractional diffusion arises from kinetic equations. We explain how fractional diffusion corresponds to anomalous transport and its relation to the classical diffusion equation. In previous works it has been seen that particles systems undergoing free transport and scattering with the media can give rise to fractional phenomena in two cases: firstly, if in the dynamics of the particles there is a heavy-tail equilibrium distribution; and secondly, if the scattering rate is degenerate for small velocities. We use these known results in the literature to study the emergence of fractional phenomena for some particular kinetic equations. Firstly, we study BGK-type equations conserving not only mass (as in previous results), but also momentum and energy. In the hydrodynamic limit we obtain a fractional diffusion equation for the temperature and density making use of the Boussinesq relation and we also demonstrate that with the same rescaling fractional diffusion cannot be derived additionally for the momentum. But considering the case of conservation of mass and momentum only, we do obtain the incompressible Stokes equation with fractional diffusion in the hydrodynamic limit for heavy-tailed equilibria. Secondly, we will study diffusion phenomena arising from transport of energy in an anharmonic chain. More precisely, we will consider the so-called FPU-$\beta$ chain, which is a very simple model for a one-dimensional crystal in which atoms are coupled to their nearest neighbours by a harmonic potential, weakly perturbed by a nonlinear quartic potential. The starting point of our mathematical analysis is a kinetic equation; lattice vibrations, responsible for heat transport, are modelled by an interacting gas of phonons whose evolution is described by the Boltzmann Phonon Equation. Our main result is the derivation of an anomalous diffusion equation for the temperature. $\textbf{Weak wave turbulence theory and mean-field limits for stochastic particle systems.}$ The isotropic 4-wave kinetic equation is considered in its weak formulation using model homogeneous kernels. Existence and uniqueness of solutions is proven in a particular setting. We also consider finite stochastic particle systems undergoing instantaneous coagulation-fragmentation phenomena and give conditions in which this system approximates the solution of the equation (mean-field limit).

Cette thèse s'intéresse à la migration cellulaire d'une population composée de deux espèces qui interagissent par le biais de signaux chimiques. Ces signaux chimiques auxquels sont soumis les deux espèces sont de nature différente. Ils sont soit intérieur (produit par les deux espèces) ou bien extérieur (apporté par le milieu et consommé par les deux espèces). On observe le phénomène de synchronisation et de désynchronisation lors de la migration d'une population composée de deux espèces différentes d'E.Coli. Séparément, les bactéries rouges d'E.Coli se déplacent deux fois plus vite que les bactéries vertes. Cependant dans le cas d'une population mixte composée de rouges et de vertes, les bactéries rouges et vertes se déplacent ensemble ou séparément en fonction de la proportion de la bactérie la plus rapide rouge dans la population.Cette observation expérimentale est interprétée par un modèle macroscopique parabolique de chimiotactisme à deux espèces pour lequel l'existence et la non-existence des ondes de concentration sont prouvées. Ce modèle macroscopique parabolique à deux espèces est construit à partir des modèles microscopiques qui traduisent le mouvement individuel des cellules.Ce phénomène de synchronisation et de désynchronisation est aussi présent dans la dynamique des masses de dirac des deux espèces après l'explosion des solutions classiques dans un modèle d'agrégation à deux espèces avec une seule substance chimique.Nous proposons aussi dans cette thèse une méthode pour obtenir des schémas numériques préservant à la fois l'équilibre et l'asymptotique. Cette méthode est testée aux modèles cinétiques de chimiotactisme et de transfert radiatif. / This thesis is concerned about cellular motion of a population composed of two species in interaction through chemical cues. The chemical cues to which the two species are subject are of different kind.They can be internal (produced by the two species) or external (present in the meduim and consommed by the two species). Synchronising and non-synchronising effects are observed during the migration of the population formed by two different strains of E.Coli.Although separately, red bacteria E.Coli travel twice as fast as green bacteria E.Coli, put together, they travel or split depending on the percentage of the faster bacteria in the population. This experimental result is explained by a two-species parabolic macroscopic chemotaxis model for which the existence and non-existence of traveling pulses are showed. The parabolic macroscopic model is derived from microscopic models which describe the individual motion of cells. The synchronising and non-synchronising effect is also encountered in dynamics of the two-species dirac masses after blow-up of classical solutions in a two-species model for aggregation. A method to design both well-balanced and asymptotic preserving schemes is proposed. This method is tested to chemotaxis and radiative transport kinetic models.

Equilibrium isotherms and the adsorption kinetics of heavy metals onto chitosan were studied experimentally. Chitosan, a biopolymer produced from crustacean shells, has applications in various areas, particularly in drinking water and wastewater treatment due to its ability to remove metallic ions from solutions. The adsorption capacity of chitosan depends on a number of parameters: deacetylation degree, molecular weight, particle size and crystallinity. The purpose of this work was to study the adsorption of copper, zinc, mercury, and arsenic on chitosan produced from shrimp shells at a laboratory level. The experimental work involved the determination of the adsorption isotherms for each metallic ion in a batch system. The resulting isotherms were fitted using the Langmuir model and the parameters of the equation were determined. Kinetic studies of adsorption for different metallic ions at different concentrations and with different particle sizes were performed in batch and column systems. Simplified models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion equations were used to determine the rate-controlling step. Some preliminary studies were carried out to address the application of chitosan as an adsorbent in the removal of heavy metals or other metallic ions from natural water and wastewater. The regeneration of chitosan was also studied. The results showed that the adsorption capacity depends strongly on pH and on the species of metallic ions in the solution. The optimum pH value for the metallic cation adsorption was between 4 and 6, whereas for arsenic adsorption it was about 3. When the pH is not controlled, the adsorption capacity is independent of the initial pH with the solution reaching a final pH of about 7. It was also found that the Langmuir equation described very well the experimental adsorption data for each metallic ion. The adsorption capacity for the metals on chitosan follows the sequence Hg>Cu>Zn>As. The study of the adsorption kinetics of these metallic ions shows that the particle size has a significant influence on the metal uptake rate for copper; but that it has only a slight influence on the adsorption rate of zinc and mercury in the range studied. Arsenic adsorption exhibited an interesting behaviour which depends strongly on the pH of the solution; the uptake increased at short adsorption times and then decreased at long times. The analysis of kinetic models showed that the pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism is predominant, and the overall rate of the metallic ion adsorption process is therefore controlled by adsorption reactions and not by mass transfer for the range of particle sizes examined in this study. With regard to the regeneration of chitosan, it was found that sodium hydroxide is a good agent for zinc and arsenic desorption, whereas ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride were the most suitable for copper and mercury desorption, respectively. The ability of chitosan to remove arsenic from natural water, and copper and zinc from mining waste water was verified. The use of these results for designing purposes is a subject for future work. / QC 20101104

No description available.

Thesis (MSc (Biochemistry))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / A Python package called PySUNDIALS has been developed which provides an interface to the suite of nonlinear di erential/algebraic equation solvers (SUNDIALS) using ctypes as a foreign function interface (FFI). SUNDIALS is a C implementation of a set of modern algorithms for integrating and solving various forms of the initial value problem (IVP). Additionally, arbitrary root nding capabilities, time dependent sensitivity analysis, and the solution of di erential and algebraic systems are available in the various modules provided by SUNDIALS. A signi cant focus of the project was to ensure the python package conforms to Python language standards and syntactic expectations. Multiple examples of the SUNDIALS modules (CVODE, CVODES, IDA and KINSOL) are presented comparing PySUNDIALS to C SUNDIALS (for veri cation of correctness), and comparing PySUNDIALS to various other comparable software packages. The examples presented also provide benchmark comparisons for speed, and code length. Speci c uses of the features of the SUNDIALS package are illustrated, including the modelling of discontinuous events using root nding, time dependent sensitivity analysis of oscillatory systems, and the modelling of equilibrium blocks using a complete set of implicit di erential and algebraic equations. PySUNDIALS is available as open source software for download. It is being integrated into the systems biology software PySCeS as an optional solver set, on an ongoing basis. A brief discussion of potential methods of optimization and the continuation of the project to wrap the parallel processing modules of SUNDIALS is presented.

Thesis (MSc (Biochemistry))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The aim of this study is the theoretical investigation of carbon fixation in sugarcane leaves. Sugarcane has a well known reputation for accumulating sucrose in the stalk to levels as high as 650 mM, almost a fifth of the plant’s fresh weight. Although this is an efficient accumulating mechanism, there is an even more efficient ‘carbon pump’ found in C4 plants. This is a well documented carbon concentrating mechanism and one of the first to be studied. However scientists are still trying to understand the carboxylating mechanism and the regulation thereof. It has been speculated that this mechanism is at its saturation level and elevating carbon dioxide will have little or no effect on further carbon fixation. Futher, studies suggest that the sucrose accumulating sink is able to regulate photosynthesis. Therefore a regulatory mechanism should exist from the sink to carbon fixation in order for such regulation to occur. Thework in this thesis therefore lays the foundation for investigating regulation of photosynthesis. The field of systems biology is the study of cellular networks by assemblingmodels. Pathways are considered as systems and notmerely collections of single components. This allows the interaction of pathway metabolites and the regulation that they have on one another to be studied. The questions asked pertaining to a pathway, will determine the types of model analysis. Structural analysis is useful for studying stoichiometric models, determining characteristics like energy consumption, futile cycles and valid pathways through a system at steady-state. Kinetic analysis on the other hand, gives insight into system dynamics and the control exerted by the system components, predicting time-course and steady states. In this thesis we begin to investigate photosynthesis in sugarcane leaves and the role it has in accumulating sucrose in the plant. Firstly, a structural model was developed incorporating carbon fixation, sucrose production in the leaf and subsequent transport of sucrose to the storage parenchyma and accumulation. The model was analysed using elementary mode analysis, showing that there are twelve routes for producing sucrose with no pathway beingmore energy efficient than any other. Further, it highlighted a futile cycle transporting triose phosphates and phosphoglycerate between the two photosynthetic compartments in the leaf. In the storage parenchyma, manymore futile cycleswere revealed,many of them energetically wasteful. Three other sets of elementary modes describe sucrose’s destination in either the vacuole or use in glycolysis or fibre formation, each with a different amount of required energy equivalents. The fourth set describes how sucrose cannot be converted to fibre precursors without also being used for glycolyis building blocks. Secondly, a kinetic model of carbon fixation in the leaf was assembled with the primary goal of characterising thismoiety-conserved cycle. This included the collation of kinetic data, incorporating volumes of the compartments and the areas of the location of the transporters into the model. This model was then analysed using metabolic control analysis. The model was able to predict metabolite concentration in the pathway at steady-state which were compared to those found experimentally. However, modifications need to be made to the model before further analysis is done so that the model predicted values match the experimental values more accurately. Time course analysis and response coefficients were also calculated for the carbon fixation cycle. Thework in this thesis therefore paves the way for understanding photosynthesis and its regulation in sugarcane leaves. Such work has the potential to pinpoint genetic engineering target points, allowing for better hybrid selection and propagation.

Thesis (PhD (Biochemistry))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the recent advances in the field of molecular biology, there is an increased need to integrate data on the various constituents of the cell in kinetic models that can predict and describe cellular behavior. When working towards a description of the entire cell using such kinetic models, the question arises: How do we compare different models for a given biological network? This is the central question addressed in my thesis and I developed and applied mathematical and computational methods for comparing dozens of existing models of erythrocyte and yeast glycolysis. To compare the steady-state behavior in models of erythrocyte glycolysis, I focussed on the function of the pathway, which is to supply the cell with Gibbs-free energy (γ- phosphate of ATP). I used supply-demand analysis in the framework of metabolic control analysis to make this comparison, which revealed that the ATP concentrations were homeostatically buffered at varying supply rates. I also applied this approach to compare steady-state behavior in models of yeast glycolysis, finding that they were not necessarily optimized for homeostatic maintenance of the ATP concentration and that in models for this organism the rate of ATP production is often determined by the supply reactions of glycolysis. In addition, I tested whether a kinetic model can describe novel behavior if it is adjusted to conditions different from those for which the model was originally constructed. More specifically, using a model of steady-state yeast glycolysis, I showed that small adjustments to the original enzyme concentrations are enough to obtain an oscillating model, which shows a remarkable resemblance to the experimentally observed oscillations. Importantly, some of these enzyme concentrations changes are known to occur during the pre-treatment of the cells which is necessary to obtain oscillatory behavior. To the best of my knowledge, the resulting model is the first detailed kinetic model that describes the experimentally observed strong synchronization of glycolytic oscillations in yeast populations. To analyze the dynamic behavior of yeast glycolytic models and to compare different models in terms of dynamics, I introduced a framework used in physics and engineering to create a vector based, two dimensional graphical representation of the oscillating metabolites and reactions of glycolysis. Not only was it possible to make a concise comparison of the set of models, but with the method I could also quantify the contribution of the interactions in the network to the transduction of the oscillations. Furthermore I could distinguish between different mechanisms of oscillation for each of the models, and demonstrated how the framework can be used to create such representations for experimental data sets. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die onlangse vooruitgang in die veld van molekulere biologie, is daar ?n toenemende behoefte om data rakende die verskeie komponente van die sel in kinetiese modelle te integreer, om sodanig selgedrag te voorspel en te beskryf. As daar gepoog word om ’n beskrywing van die sel as geheel te verkry d.m.v. sulke kinetiese modelle, onstaan die vraag: Hoe vergelyk ons verskillende modelle van ’n gegewe biologiese netwerk? Dit is die sentrale vraag wat my tesis aanspreek en ek het wiskundige en numeriese metodes ontwikkel en toegepas om talle bestaande modelle van gis- en eritrosietglikolise te vergelyk. Om die bestendige-toestand gedrag in modelle van eritrosietglikolise te vergelyk, het ek gefokus op die funksie van die padweg, naamlik om die sel met Gibbs-vrye energie (γ-fosfaat van ATP) te voorsien. Ek het vraag-aanbod analiese in die raamwerk van metaboliese kontrole analiese gebruik om hierdie vergelyking te maak, wat getoon het dat die ATP konsentrasies homeostaties gebuffer was by verskillende aanbod tempos. Ek het ook hierdie aanpak gebruik om die bestendige-toestand gedrag in modelle van gisglikolise te vergelyk, en het bevind dat hulle nie noodwendig geoptimiseer is om ?n homeostatiese balans in die ATP konsentrasie te handhaaf nie, en dat in modelle vir hierdie organisme, die tempo van ATP produksie dikwels bepaal word deur die aanbod reaksies van glikoliese. Ek het verder ook bepaal of so ?n kinetiese model nuwe soorte gedrag kan beskryf, as dit aangepas word aan omstandighede wat verskil van dié waarvoor die model oorspronklik gekonstrueer was. Meer spesifiek, deur ?n model van bestendige-toestand gisglikolise te gebruik, kon ek wys dat klein veranderinge aan die oorspronkline ensiem konsentrasies genoeg was om ?n ossilerende model te verkry, wat opmerklik ooreenstem met die eksperimenteel waargenome ossilasies. Let ook daarop dat sommige van hierdie ensiem konsentrasie veranderinge plaasvind tydens die voorafbehandeling van die selle, wat essensieel is om die ossilasies waar te neem. Tot die beste van my kennis is die model wat ek met hierdie prosedures verkry het, die eerste gedetaileerde kinetiese model wat die eksperimenteel waargenome sterk sinkronisasie in ossilerende gis populasies voorspel. Om gis glikolitiese modelle te vergelyk in terme van hul dinamiese gedrag, het ek ?n raamwerk wat in fisika en ingeneurswese gebruik word, ingespan om ?n vektor-gebasseerde, twee dimensionele grafiese voorstelling van die ossilerende metaboliete en reaksies te maak. Hierdie raamwerk het dit nie net moontlik gemaak om ?n kompakte vergelyking van ?n stel modelle te maak nie, maar ek kon ook die bydrae van interaksies in die netwerk tot transduksie van die ossilasies kwantifiseer. Ek kon verder onderskeid tref tussen die verskillende ossilasiemeganismes vir elk van die modelle, en het ook gedemonstreer hoe die raamwerk gebruik kan word om sulke voorstellings vir eksperimentele datastelle te skep.

Um dos radionuclídeos que se destaca mundialmente é o molibdênio-99. O 99Mo é o gerador do radioisótopo mais amplamente usado para a preparação de radiofármacos para fins de diagnóstico em medicina nuclear, o tecnécio-99m. Neste estudo, as nanopartículas de magnetita foram sintetizadas por precipitação de íons Fe2+ em meio alcalino e tratadas por irradiação de microondas e foram aplicadas na separação do 99Mo por adsorção. O material foi caracterizado por FTIR, MEV, DRX, DSC, TGA e EDS. Os estudos de adsorção foram realizados utilizando a técnica em batelada e em colunas de leito fixo. Verificou-se a influência das espécies de Al e os radioisótopos Te, I e Ru na adsorção de 99Mo. Os efeitos do pH, tempo de contato, temperatura, concentração e dose do adsorvente foram investigados. Modelos de isotermas de adsorção Langmuir e Freundlich foram usados para obter informações sobre o processo de adsorção e os modelos cinéticos de pseudo-primeira ordem, pseudo-segunda ordem e difusão intrapartículas foram estudados para avaliar a cinética de adsorção. Soluções de dessorventes para a recuperação do 99Mo foram investigadas. A nova via de síntese de nanomagnetita proposta mostrou-se simples e rápida, fazendo uso de um único reagente. As nanopartículas de magnetita apresentaram forma esférica de aproximadamente de 20 nm e polidispersão heterogênea. As caracterizações por DRX, DSC e TGA confirmaram a predominância da fase magnetita nas amostras. A adsorção de 99Mo nas nanopartículas de magnetita foi próxima de 100% no intervalo de pH entre 1 e 11, durante 30 min de tempo de contato e 15 mg de dose do adsorvente. O modelo de isoterma de adsorção de Langmuir apresentou melhor acordo para a remoção 99Mo pelas nanopartículas de magnetita, e a cinética de adsorção foi melhor descrita pelo modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem. A caracterização por EDS indicou ausência de contaminação. A recuperação do 99Mo da nanomagnetita com solução de NaOH foi superior a 95% e os elementos Ru, Te, Al e I não interferiram na propriedade adsortiva da nanomagnetita. Estes resultados mostraram que nanopartículas de magnetita são bons adsorventes para o Mo e, por conseguinte, tem grande potencial para aplicação no processo de separação e purificação do 99Mo de fissão. / One of radionuclides that stand out globally is the Molybdenum-99. The 99Mo is the radionuclide generator most widely used radioisotope for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic purposes in nuclear medicine, Technetium-99m. In this study, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation of Fe2+ ions in an alkaline medium and treated by microwave irradiation and were studied for 99Mo adsorption and recovery The synthesized material was characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, DSC, TGA and EDS. Adsorption studies were carried out using the batch technique and fixed bed columns. The influence of the Al and the radioisotopes of Te, I and Ru species on 99Mo adsorption of was verified. Effects of pH, contact time, temperature, concentration and adsorbent dosage were investigated. Adsorption isotherm models of Langmuir and Freundlich were used to obtain information on the adsorption process and the kinetic models of pseudo first-order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion were studied to evaluate the adsorption. Desorbent solutions for 99Mo recovery were investigated. The new route for nanomagnetite synthesis was found to be simple and fast using of just one reagent. The magnetite nanoparticles showed spherical shape with about 20 nm in diameter and heterogeneous polydispersion. The characterizations by XRD, DSC and TGA confirmed the predominance of magnetite phase. The adsorption of 99Mo was close to 100% by the magnetite nanoparticles in the pH range from 1 to 11 for 30 min of contact time and 15 mg of adsorbent dosage. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model showed better agreement for the 99Mo adsorption by nanomagnetite nanoparticles, and the adsorption kinetics was better described by the pseudo second order model. The nanoparticle characterization by EDS indicated no contamination. The recovery of 99Mo with NaOH 2 mol L-1 from the magnetite nanoparticles was higher than 95% and the elements Ru, Te, Al and I did not interfere in the adsorption property of magnetite nanoparticles. These results showed that magnetite nanoparticles were good adsorbent for 99Mo and therefore have great potential for application in the process of separation and purification of fission 99Mo.