Les besoins de nouveaux services dans les rames ferroviaires ( le comptage, l’efficience énergétique, le confort et la sécurité des passagers etc.), risquent de saturer à terme les systèmes de communication filaires mis en place il y a une vingtaine d’années. Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil, par leurs avantages (déploiement facile, capacité à s’adapter à plusieurs types d’environnements, faible consommation d’énergie), ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives pour les systèmes de gestion énergétique. Le but de ce travail de thèse est d’étudier et mettre en oeuvre un réseau de capteurs sans fil à l’intérieur des trains pour l’efficience énergétique. Ainsi, quelques protocoles de communication dédiés à la gestion énergétique ont été présentés puis une étude comparative des différents réseaux de communication sans fil réalisée. Cette étude comparative a permis de faire le choix du réseau ZigBee comme étant le plus adéquat pour la plateforme. L’architecture hybride proposée permet l’utilisation du réseau IP existant comme colonne vertébrale de l’ensemble des réseaux ZigBee. Afin de tenir compte de l’effet de l’environnement ferroviaire dans la planification et le déploiement du réseau, une étude du canal de propagation, basée sur des mesures réalisées dans un métro et un wagon de RER a été menée. L’impact de la coexistence entre le ZigBee et le WiFi et de la présence humaine sur la communication du réseau sans fil a été démontré. Le prototype d’une plateforme basée sur le réseau ZigBee allant de la collecte des données à l’affichage des informations a été réalisé et testé. / The need of new services in railway trains (services for metering, energy efficiency, the comfort and safety of users etc.) may eventually saturate the wired communication systems installed since twenty years ago years. The several advantages of wireless sensor networks (easy deployment, ability to adapt on different environments and low energy consumption) offer many possibilities for energy management systems. The aim of this thesis is to study and implement a wireless network sensors inside trains for energy efficiency. Thus, some communication protocols dedicated to energy management were presented and then a comparative study of the various wireless communication networks carried out. This comparative study shows that the ZigBee network is the most suitable for the platform. The proposed hybrid architecture allows the use of the existing IP network as the backbone of all ZigBee networks. In order to take into account the effect of the railway environment in the planning and deployment of the network, a study of the propagation channel was carried out, based on measurements realized in a subway and a RER car. The impact of the coexistence between ZigBee and WiFi and of the human presence on wireless communication have been demonstrated. The prototype of a platform based on the ZigBee network, allows data collection, informations traitement and monitoring, was carried out.

<p>Detta arbete tar upp utvecklingen av ett nytt protokoll för användning inom Home Automation över IP-nätverk, med stor vikt på flexibilitet och enkelhet. Vi valde att utveckla ett nytt protokoll för Home Automation då en granskning av dagens protokoll visar att dessa inte är tillräckligt öppna eller flexibla för att passa alla enheter som används eller alla scenarion som kan uppstå.</p><p>I våra litteraturstudier samlades information in som skapade grunderna för vårt protokoll och gav oss en större inblick i teknikerna bakom dagens tekniker inom home automation. Detta gav oss även möjlighet att senare jämföra vårt färdiga protokoll med redan existerande protokoll för att se om vi lyckats skapa något som kan användas. Metoden vi valde för att utveckla protokollet är en generell designmetod där vi efter granskningen av tidigare protokoll tar fram ett antal punkter som det nya protokollet skall uppnå. Det visade sig dock vara problematiskt att få fram svar om vissa protokoll så vi frångick metoden genom att istället utveckla protokollet utefter ett antal olika scenarion som det bör kunna hantera.</p><p>Resultatet av arbetet är ett protokoll som uppfyllde nästan alla mål vi satt upp för det. I de fall vi inte lyckades med att uppfylla målen har vi möjliggjort för framtida expanderingar.</p> / <p>This report covers the development of a new protocol for use in Home Automation over IP networks, with focus on flexibility and simplicity. We chose to develop a new protocol for Home Automation because a review of current protocols suggests that these aren't open or flexible enough to suit every device in use or every scenario that might be applicable.</p><p>In our literature studies we gathered information for use as the basis of our protocol and give us more insight into the technologies behind current home automation protocols. This also gave us the opportunity to compare our finished protocol with existing protocols. The method we chose for developing the protocol is a generic design method where after reviewing existing protocols, we establish a number of goals for the new protocol. It did however turn out to be difficult to acquire relevant information about some of the protocols. Because of this we used a slightly different approach, basing the new protocol on a number of scenarios we want it to be able to handle.</p><p>The result is a protocol which satisfied almost every goal we established. For the few it didn't, we made it possible to satisfy them with future expansions.</p>

O uso de tecnologias assistivas objetivando proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida a idosos está em franca ascensão. Uma das linhas de pesquisa nessa área é o uso de dispositivos para detecção de quedas de idosos, um problema cuja ocorrência é cada vez maior devido a diversos fatores, incluindo maior longevidade, maior número de pessoas vivendo sozinhas na velhice, entre outros. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo vestível, um nó sensor de redes de sensores sem fio de ultra-baixo consumo. Também descreve a expansão de um sistema KNX, ao qual o dispositivo é integrado. O dispositivo é capaz de identificar quedas, auxiliando no monitoramento de idosos e, por sua vez, aumentando a segurança dos mesmos. O monitoramento é realizado através de acelerômetro e giroscópio de 3 eixos, acoplados ao peito do usuário, capaz de detectar quedas através de um algoritmo de análise de limites determinados a partir da fusão dos dados dos sensores. O sensor vestível utiliza tecnologia EnOcean, que propicia conexão sem fio com um sistema de automação de casas inteligentes, de acordo com a norma KNX, através da plataforma Home Assistant. Telegramas de alarmes são automaticamente enviados no caso de detecção de quedas, e acionam um atuador pertencente ao sistema KNX. Além de validar a tecnologia EnOcean para uso em dispositivos vestíveis, o protótipo desenvolvido não indicou nenhum falso positivo através de testes realizados com dois usuários de características corporais diferentes, onde foram reproduzidos 100 vezes cada um dos oito tipos de movimentos (quatro movimentos de quedas e quatro de não quedas). Os testes realizados com o dispositivo revelaram sensibilidade e de especificidade de até 96% e 100%, respectivamente. / The use of assistive technologies to provide quality of life for elderly is increasing. One of the research lines of this area is the use of devices for fall detection, which is an increasing problem due to many factors, including greater longevity, more elders living alone, among others. This work presents the development of a wearable device, a sensor node for ultra-low power networks. Also, describes the expansion of a KNX system, which the device is integrated. The device is able to detect falls which can aid the monitoring of the elderly people and improve security. The monitoring is done through a 3-axis accelerometer and gyroscope attached on the user’s chest. The fall detection is done by a threshold algorithm based on data fusion of the sensors. The wearable sensor is an EnOcean node, which includes a wireless connection with a smart home system, according to the KNX standard, through the Home Assistant platform. Alarm telegrams are automatically sent in case of fall detection, and fires an actuator that is part of the KNX system to alarm. In addition to validating the EnOcean’s Technology for use on wearable devices, the developed prototype didn’t indicated any false positives through tests performed with two users of different body characteristics, where each of the eight types of movements (four movements of falls and four of non-falls) were reproduced 100 times. The tests done with the device revealed sensitivity and specificity of up to 96% and 100%, respectively.

O uso de tecnologias assistivas objetivando proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida a idosos está em franca ascensão. Uma das linhas de pesquisa nessa área é o uso de dispositivos para detecção de quedas de idosos, um problema cuja ocorrência é cada vez maior devido a diversos fatores, incluindo maior longevidade, maior número de pessoas vivendo sozinhas na velhice, entre outros. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo vestível, um nó sensor de redes de sensores sem fio de ultra-baixo consumo. Também descreve a expansão de um sistema KNX, ao qual o dispositivo é integrado. O dispositivo é capaz de identificar quedas, auxiliando no monitoramento de idosos e, por sua vez, aumentando a segurança dos mesmos. O monitoramento é realizado através de acelerômetro e giroscópio de 3 eixos, acoplados ao peito do usuário, capaz de detectar quedas através de um algoritmo de análise de limites determinados a partir da fusão dos dados dos sensores. O sensor vestível utiliza tecnologia EnOcean, que propicia conexão sem fio com um sistema de automação de casas inteligentes, de acordo com a norma KNX, através da plataforma Home Assistant. Telegramas de alarmes são automaticamente enviados no caso de detecção de quedas, e acionam um atuador pertencente ao sistema KNX. Além de validar a tecnologia EnOcean para uso em dispositivos vestíveis, o protótipo desenvolvido não indicou nenhum falso positivo através de testes realizados com dois usuários de características corporais diferentes, onde foram reproduzidos 100 vezes cada um dos oito tipos de movimentos (quatro movimentos de quedas e quatro de não quedas). Os testes realizados com o dispositivo revelaram sensibilidade e de especificidade de até 96% e 100%, respectivamente. / The use of assistive technologies to provide quality of life for elderly is increasing. One of the research lines of this area is the use of devices for fall detection, which is an increasing problem due to many factors, including greater longevity, more elders living alone, among others. This work presents the development of a wearable device, a sensor node for ultra-low power networks. Also, describes the expansion of a KNX system, which the device is integrated. The device is able to detect falls which can aid the monitoring of the elderly people and improve security. The monitoring is done through a 3-axis accelerometer and gyroscope attached on the user’s chest. The fall detection is done by a threshold algorithm based on data fusion of the sensors. The wearable sensor is an EnOcean node, which includes a wireless connection with a smart home system, according to the KNX standard, through the Home Assistant platform. Alarm telegrams are automatically sent in case of fall detection, and fires an actuator that is part of the KNX system to alarm. In addition to validating the EnOcean’s Technology for use on wearable devices, the developed prototype didn’t indicated any false positives through tests performed with two users of different body characteristics, where each of the eight types of movements (four movements of falls and four of non-falls) were reproduced 100 times. The tests done with the device revealed sensitivity and specificity of up to 96% and 100%, respectively.

Detta arbete tar upp utvecklingen av ett nytt protokoll för användning inom Home Automation över IP-nätverk, med stor vikt på flexibilitet och enkelhet. Vi valde att utveckla ett nytt protokoll för Home Automation då en granskning av dagens protokoll visar att dessa inte är tillräckligt öppna eller flexibla för att passa alla enheter som används eller alla scenarion som kan uppstå. I våra litteraturstudier samlades information in som skapade grunderna för vårt protokoll och gav oss en större inblick i teknikerna bakom dagens tekniker inom home automation. Detta gav oss även möjlighet att senare jämföra vårt färdiga protokoll med redan existerande protokoll för att se om vi lyckats skapa något som kan användas. Metoden vi valde för att utveckla protokollet är en generell designmetod där vi efter granskningen av tidigare protokoll tar fram ett antal punkter som det nya protokollet skall uppnå. Det visade sig dock vara problematiskt att få fram svar om vissa protokoll så vi frångick metoden genom att istället utveckla protokollet utefter ett antal olika scenarion som det bör kunna hantera. Resultatet av arbetet är ett protokoll som uppfyllde nästan alla mål vi satt upp för det. I de fall vi inte lyckades med att uppfylla målen har vi möjliggjort för framtida expanderingar. / This report covers the development of a new protocol for use in Home Automation over IP networks, with focus on flexibility and simplicity. We chose to develop a new protocol for Home Automation because a review of current protocols suggests that these aren't open or flexible enough to suit every device in use or every scenario that might be applicable. In our literature studies we gathered information for use as the basis of our protocol and give us more insight into the technologies behind current home automation protocols. This also gave us the opportunity to compare our finished protocol with existing protocols. The method we chose for developing the protocol is a generic design method where after reviewing existing protocols, we establish a number of goals for the new protocol. It did however turn out to be difficult to acquire relevant information about some of the protocols. Because of this we used a slightly different approach, basing the new protocol on a number of scenarios we want it to be able to handle. The result is a protocol which satisfied almost every goal we established. For the few it didn't, we made it possible to satisfy them with future expansions.

O uso de tecnologias assistivas objetivando proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida a idosos está em franca ascensão. Uma das linhas de pesquisa nessa área é o uso de dispositivos para detecção de quedas de idosos, um problema cuja ocorrência é cada vez maior devido a diversos fatores, incluindo maior longevidade, maior número de pessoas vivendo sozinhas na velhice, entre outros. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo vestível, um nó sensor de redes de sensores sem fio de ultra-baixo consumo. Também descreve a expansão de um sistema KNX, ao qual o dispositivo é integrado. O dispositivo é capaz de identificar quedas, auxiliando no monitoramento de idosos e, por sua vez, aumentando a segurança dos mesmos. O monitoramento é realizado através de acelerômetro e giroscópio de 3 eixos, acoplados ao peito do usuário, capaz de detectar quedas através de um algoritmo de análise de limites determinados a partir da fusão dos dados dos sensores. O sensor vestível utiliza tecnologia EnOcean, que propicia conexão sem fio com um sistema de automação de casas inteligentes, de acordo com a norma KNX, através da plataforma Home Assistant. Telegramas de alarmes são automaticamente enviados no caso de detecção de quedas, e acionam um atuador pertencente ao sistema KNX. Além de validar a tecnologia EnOcean para uso em dispositivos vestíveis, o protótipo desenvolvido não indicou nenhum falso positivo através de testes realizados com dois usuários de características corporais diferentes, onde foram reproduzidos 100 vezes cada um dos oito tipos de movimentos (quatro movimentos de quedas e quatro de não quedas). Os testes realizados com o dispositivo revelaram sensibilidade e de especificidade de até 96% e 100%, respectivamente. / The use of assistive technologies to provide quality of life for elderly is increasing. One of the research lines of this area is the use of devices for fall detection, which is an increasing problem due to many factors, including greater longevity, more elders living alone, among others. This work presents the development of a wearable device, a sensor node for ultra-low power networks. Also, describes the expansion of a KNX system, which the device is integrated. The device is able to detect falls which can aid the monitoring of the elderly people and improve security. The monitoring is done through a 3-axis accelerometer and gyroscope attached on the user’s chest. The fall detection is done by a threshold algorithm based on data fusion of the sensors. The wearable sensor is an EnOcean node, which includes a wireless connection with a smart home system, according to the KNX standard, through the Home Assistant platform. Alarm telegrams are automatically sent in case of fall detection, and fires an actuator that is part of the KNX system to alarm. In addition to validating the EnOcean’s Technology for use on wearable devices, the developed prototype didn’t indicated any false positives through tests performed with two users of different body characteristics, where each of the eight types of movements (four movements of falls and four of non-falls) were reproduced 100 times. The tests done with the device revealed sensitivity and specificity of up to 96% and 100%, respectively.

Based on the fact that many electronic devices are digitalized in our world in order to facilitate our lives, there is a large potential for development in the home. Smart Home solutions are giving us the opportunity to control and manage for example alarms, electricity and surveillance but the technology's rapid improvement paves the way for issues related to security. The objectives for this work will bring up common communication technologies, security and vulnerabilities in the context of a Smart Home and what could be done for future work. In order to investigate the objectives, a literature study has been conducted together with an experiment. The experiment result exploits a weakness in a common Smart Home technology used in the network enable devices in the form of threats and vulnerabilities. In order to mitigate and minimize threats and vulnerabilities one conclusion is that a security policy could be produced. This security policy should provide the user with good practice of how to manage security in order to mitigate vulnerabilities and threats within the Smart Home.

This Master's thesis deals with intelligent installation systems, focused on lighting systems using the DALI bus system. Theoretical part of this work includes a list of currently available intelligent installation systems and its use in both households and industrial buildings. A summarizing description of KNX and DALI bus systems and their actuators and actuating units are a part of this paper. The practical part proposes two examplary boards designed for laboratories of UEEN VUT in Brno and describes its construction, as well as the programs necessary for its programming, control and monitoring. The outcome of this Master's thesis is a survey of possible remote control of DALI bus system's actuators and mutual compatibility of KNX and DALI bus systems. Furthermore, this paper includes background material for laboratory task, based on data found about remote control and DALI bus system's monitoring.

This diploma thesis focused on designing of systematic wiring of multifunctional sports centrum. The work is divided into two parts. The first part of the work is dealing with definitions and principles necessary for electrical project documentation. There is a presentation of the KNX bus control system, which is chosen for the implementation of the systematic wiring of the sports centrum. There is also an overview of currently used systems for wiring control. At the end, the design of artificial and emergency lighting is processed using a computer program. The content of the second part of the work is a complete project documentation for construction of the multifunctional sports hall using the KNX bus system. Furthermore, the documentation draws the design of power and data distribution to the relevant floor plans of the building, the design of power and system switchboards, an overview scheme of power distribution, topology of the KNX system, budget and technical report.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to compile a demonstration panel as an example of the functions of intelligent electrical installation KNX. One of the advantages of this system bus is the ability to use devices from multiple manufacturers. A total of 20 devices from 12 different manufacturers are used in this work. The work begins with an explanation of the principle on which the KNX system bus works, followed by a description of the equipment used and the electrical connection of the switchboard according to the wiring diagram. Next, how the whole panel was revived is described. The next chapter contains a detailed description of device programming in ETS, ie setting parameters for individual devices and assigning group addresses. The last chapter deals with visualization and remote control. It explains how a communication channel was created to connect the panel to a server from FlowBox. Using the web interface on this server, a visualization was created, which can be used to remotely control the entire panel from anywhere.