京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第21438号 / 情博第689号 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉川 正俊, 教授 神田 崇行, 教授 森 信介 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Accurate and reasonable contract time is important to all aspects of a highway construction project. Unreasonably short contract times can raise the bid price, restrict qualified bidders from submitting bids, reduce the quality of the work, and increase the potential for legal disputes. Conversely, unreasonably long contract times encourage less qualified contractors to submit a bid and are a general inconvenience to the traveling public. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recognizes this, and has recommended that all state highway agencies develop a standardized method for estimating contract performance time. To date, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) does not have an established method. One major portion of this work is the development of the framework for a multi-level time estimating system to aid in the establishment of contract performance times. This system parallels the VDOT cost estimating process, refining estimates as design details become available along the Project Development Concurrent Engineering Process (PDCEP). Three distinct stages exist along the PDCEP that will facilitate the use of a tool for estimating contract time. Sufficient information to begin the conceptual estimate is known as the project enters the six year plan. The parametric estimate may commence as the project enters the scoping phase. Finally, details for the pre-advertisement time estimate are available upon project field inspection. The second major component of this work, the pre-advertisement estimating database system (BIDDS – Bid Item Duration Data System) was constructed during this work. BIDDS uses project information and characteristics to filter through historical performance time data, returning production data from similar projects. Production data is returned at the bid item level to assist in the estimation of production rates, for calculating activity durations. / Master of Science

Coastal communities along the eastern seaboard are continuously exposed to flooding and related impacts, compromising the health and safety of their residents and especially of more vulnerable older populations. In cases where structural protection and floodproofing measures may not protect households from all types of flooding, relocation may represent the most effective long-term adaptation option. However, the extent to which older residents in Hampton Roads, Virginia are exposed to such flooding is not well understood, nor are the factors influencing their relocation attitudes. Thus, the main objective of this research is to understand both the exposure to flooding and evaluate attitudes towards relocation among older residents in Hampton Roads. This study uses a mixed methods approach to analyze flood exposure and attitudes towards relocation among older adults living in this area. First, a geospatial analysis was conducted to assess the change in flood risk in Hampton Roads over a period of 60 years and exposure to older populations, aged 60 and over. Then the survey data were used to conduct a correlation analysis to examine the relationship between survey responses and respondents' willingness to consider relocation. The geospatial analysis showed that flood exposure in this area does not increase linearly with time, with several block groups experiencing accelerated levels of flood increases from 2000-2060. Most of the municipalities which experience high overlap between flood extent and older population percentages are urban and see dramatic increases in flood exposure from 2000-2060. The statistical results show that willingness to consider relocation is correlated to several variables measuring sociodemographic characteristics, place attachment, and flood exposure, and less to other considerations influencing the decision to permanently relocate. The most influential factors driving relocation attitudes are financial, where residents would consider relocation if compensated or offered similar housing elsewhere. Finally, a large proportion of respondents (40.28%) would prefer to permanently move to either a different region or different state should flooding continue in their community. The results of this study can help community leaders and policymakers to better understand the flood outcomes and assistance needs of their older populations living in flood-prone areas. / Master of Science / Coastal communities along the Eastern United States are constantly exposed to flooding and related impacts. Hampton Roads, Virginia is experiencing higher-than-average sea level rise, which is increasing flooding and its impacts. This area is also a preferred retirement region, where older populations prefer to move. Older populations are more negatively affected by these impacts due to chronic health conditions like diabetes and hypertension, which require easy access to health care services, as well as mobility constraints. The objective of this research is to identify areas within Hampton Roads that have a significant overlap between flooding and older populations and to understand what factors are affecting older residents' attitudes towards relocation. This study answers the following questions regarding the overall objective: 1) What is the exposure to coastal flooding of older populations living in urban areas in Hampton Roads? and 2) Which aspects of socioeconomic circumstances, experiences with flooding, and flood-related concerns affect attitudes about permanent relocation among older coastal residents? To answer these questions, a geospatial analysis was conducted, followed by a survey analysis. There are high levels of overlap between older populations and flooding in urban municipalities, and flood exposure is expected to dramatically increase between the years 2000 and 2060. From the survey, older respondents favor monetary incentives for relocation as opposed to other factors. The results from this study should be used by local policymakers for more well-informed decisions that incorporate community members in the planning and relocation process.

<p> High resolution lithium-drifted Germanium detectors have been used to study the γ radiation emitted after thermal neutron capture in ten odd-proton even-neutron nuclei in the mass range 56 ≤ A ≤ 204. From the energies and intensities of these radiations, the energy dependence of the partial radiative widths to bound states with excitation energies in the region 0 to 2.5 MeV have been deduced. The energy dependence for the average spacing between the levels populated in this reaction have also been deduced over the same region of excitation energies. The energy dependence of the partial radiative widths are in agreement with the single particle estimate for dipole radiation and the energy dependence of the average level spacing favours the constant temperature model.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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