published_or_final_version / abstract / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts in Transport Policy and Planning

published_or_final_version / abstract / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts in Transport Policy and Planning

published_or_final_version / Electrical Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

A more accurate and flexible grid analysis is achieved through an adaptive and dynamic calculation of line parameters. This is needed for future smart grid implementation. The primary objective of this thesis is to analyze the calculation of transmission line parameters. The impact certain assumptions have on the accuracy of line parameters and fault location algorithms are evaluated. In particular, the impact of the grounded shield wire assumption on the accuracy of fault location algorithms is analyzed. This implies that the impedance of towers be taken into consideration, rather than the simplification of a direct connection of the earth wire to ground. Secondly, the phenomenon of skin-effect is analyzed and evaluated in regards to a more accurate representation of line parameters and a minimization of parameter inaccuracy. / text

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This study examines policies which provide support to rural bus services and the extent to which these policies meet the accessibility needs of rural communities in Scotland. In recent years, accessibility opportunities have improved for the vast majority of rural people because of increased ownership of the private car.  However, the minority of people who do not have access to a car can face considerable difficulties in accessing all opportunities and may consequently be socially excluded.  The Government wishes to promote modal shift from the car to public transport wherever possible in rural areas.  Policies which provide support to bus services represent a mobility approach to tackling rural accessibility needs. In this study, the methodology used is the ‘Accessibility Policy Assessment Tool’ (APAT), which is used to systematically assess the accessibility impact of policies through a mixed methods approach.  This approach is used to ascertain the ways in which bus support policies could delivery more effective accessibility impacts to rural communities, and is critiqued as part of the study.  The main results of the study were that there are particular characteristics of some policies which enabled them to be more effective at delivering accessibility benefits to some rural communities.  Specifically, those policies which were delivered in a bottom-up fashion allowed local accessibility needs to be better understood and the services put in place could be more responsive to these needs.  In conclusion, it is suggested that bus support policies delivered in a top-down fashion may not effectively be meeting accessibility needs, and thus tackling social exclusion, and that it appeared difficult for urban-delivered policies to meet the accessibility challenges present within rural communities.