Haynes 230 is a nickel based, solid-solution strengthened alloy that is used for high-temperature applications in the aero-engine and power generation industries. The alloy composition is balanced to avoid precipitation of undesirable topologically closedpacked (TCP) intermetallic phases, such as Sigma, Mu, or Laves-type, that are detrimental to mechanical and corrosion properties. This material is currently being used for the NASA's J2X upper stage rocket nozzle extension. Current fabrication procedures use fusion welding processes to join blanks that are subsequently formed. Cracks have been noted to occur in the fusion welded region during the forming operations. Use of solid state joining processes, such as friction stir welding are being proposed to eliminate the fusion weld cracks. Of interest is a modified friction stir welding process called thermal stir welding. Three welding process: Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Electron Beam Welding (EBW), and Thermal Stir Welding (TSWing) are compared in this study.

Low temperature fuel cells like proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are expected to play a crucial role in the future hydrogen economy, especially for transportation applications. These electrochemical devices offer significantly higher efficiency compared to conventional heat engines. However, use of exotic and expensive platinum as the electrocatalyst poses serious problems for commercial viability. In this regard, there is an urgent need to develop low-platinum or non-platinum electrocatalysts with electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) superior or comparable to that of platinum. This dissertation first investigates non-platinum, palladium-based alloy electrocatalysts for ORR. Particularly, Pd-M (M = Mo and W) alloys are synthesized by a novel thermal decomposition of organo-metallic precursors. The carbon-supported Pd-M (M = Mo, W) electrocatalyts are then heat treated up to 900 oC in H2 atmosphere and investigated for their phase behavior. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements reveal that the alloying of Pd with Mo or W significantly enhances the catalytic activity for ORR as well as the stability (durability) of the electrocatalysts. Additionally, both the alloy systems exhibit high tolerance to methanol, which is particularly advantageous for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). The dissertation then focuses on one-pot synthesis of carbon-supported multi-metallic Pt-Pd-Co nanoalloys by a rapid microwave-assisted solvothermal (MW-ST) method. The multi-metallic alloy compositions synthesized by the MW-ST method show much higher catalytic activity for ORR compared to their counterparts synthesized by the conventional borohydride reduction method. Additionally, a series of Pt encapsulated Pd-Co nanoparticle electrocatalysts are synthesized by the MW-ST method and characterized to understand their phase behavior, surface composition, and electrocatalytic activity for ORR. Finally, the dissertation focuses on carbon-supported binary Pt@Cu and ternary PtxPd1-x@Cu “core-shell” nanoparticles synthesized by a novel galvanic displacement of Cu by Pt4+ and Pd2+ at ambient conditions. Structural characterizations suggest that the Pt@Cu nanoparticles have a Pt-Cu alloy layer sandwiched between a copper core and a Pt shell. The electrochemical data clearly point to an enhancement in the activity for ORR for the Pt@Cu “core-shell” nanoparticle electrocatalysts compared to the commercial Pt electrocatalyst, both on per unit mass of Pt and per unit active surface area basis. The increase in activity for ORR is ascribed to electronic modification of the outer Pt shell by the Pt-Cu alloy core. However, incorporation of Pd to obtain PtxPd1-x@Cu deteriorates the activity for ORR. / text

No description available.

The microstructure, and phase selections of La₆₆Al₁₄(Cu, Ni)₂₀ alloy were studied by Bridgman solidifications, and composite materials of dendrites in amorphous matrix or micro- and nano- sized eutectic matrix were formed with different cooling rates. The volume fraction of the dendrite phase reaches a maximum at the cooling rate of about 15 K/s, the secondary dendrite arm spacing λ₂ decreases from 4.3 µm to 0.6 µm with the increasing of cooling rate R, and obeys the equation of λ₂R⁰.⁵&#x2077=1.74µm(K/s)R⁰.⁵&#x2077. The compression strength, as well as the elastic strain limit of the dendrite/amorphous matrix composite are 600 MPa, and 2.3%, respectively. Improved ductility was observed for the dendrite amorphous matrix composites with more dendrite phase by slow cooling rate. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

This thesis work concerns about the importance of the cast surfaces, surface phenomenon such as the formation of the oscillation marks and exudation and related defects including cracks and segregation that happened during the continuous casting. All of the investigated materials were collected during the plant trials while an in-depth analysis on these materials was performed at the laboratory scale with certain explanations supported by the schematic and theoretical models. The work consists on different material classes such as steels and phosphor bronzes with a focus on the surface defects and their improvements. In order to facilitate the theoretical analysis which could be capable of explaining the suggested phenomenon in the thesis, a reduced model is developed which required lesser computational resources with lesser convergence problems. / <p>QC 20160527</p> / Oscilation mark formation during continous casting of steel

Thesis advisor: Chia-kuang Frank Tsung / Pt-based alloy and core-shell nanoparticles have been intensively studied to regulate its size and shape. It has known that these nanoparticles show enhanced catalytic activity in various important fields such as heterogeneous catalysis, and electrochemical energy storage including fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Here, we report a facile hydrothermal synthesis of sub-10 nm PdPt alloy and sub-20 nm Au@PdPt core-shell structures. By using a mild reducing agent in aqueous solution, metal precursors are co-reduced. Specific gases are introduced during the synthesis to optimize the reaction conditions. The PdPt alloy and Au@PdPt core-shell nanostructures were characterized and confirmed by TEM, HRTEM, EDS, ICP-OES and XRD. The resulting PdPt and Au@PdPt particles are monodispersed single crystalline and octahedral shape enclosed by (111) facets. The electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of formic acid was tested. It was found that the catalytic activity toward the formic acid oxidation of Au@PdPt core-shell particles were much higher than those of PdPt alloy particles. In addition, Pt-rich compositions were the most active in both PdPt alloy and Au@PdPt core-shell nanoparticles. Further studies on thinner alloy-shell core-shell nanoparticles reveal that there is a volcano-curve relationship between the lattice strain strength related to alloy-shell thickness and the catalytic performance. It is proposed that there are three key parameters that can determine the catalytic activity: the alloy composition, the presence of the gold core, and the thickness of alloy-shell. / Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Chemistry.

O presente trabalho apresenta a análise da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de um revestimento duro e do aço SAE 5160. O revestimento foi obtido pela deposição de uma liga ferrosa através de processo de soldagem \"TIG\" sobre um aço ABNT 1020. Aliga foi desenvolvida com a utilização de CR e Nb como elementos formadores de carbonetos, proporcionando uma microestrutura constituída, no estado bruto de fusão, de uma rede de carbonetos (Cr, Fe)7C3 interdendríticos e NbC dispersos em uma matriz austenítica. Corpos de prova revestidos foram submetidos a tratamentos térmicos de normalização, têmpera, sub-zero e revenido, visando a obtenção de diferentes microestruturas na matriz, enquanto que o aço SAE 5160 foi temperado e revenido de acordo com o procedimento utilizado na confecção de ferramentas agrícolas com este material. A resistência ao desgaste do revestimento foi superior à do aço SAE 5160 nos dois tipos de ensaios de abrasão realizados, sendo os melhores desempenhos apresentados pelo revestimento temperado no ensaio realizado com equipamento do tipo pino sobre lixa e pelo revestimento temperado e revenido no ensaio do tipo roda de borracha/areia seca. A identificação dos mecanismos de remoção de material predominantes nos ensaios abrasivos foi possibilitada pela observação das superfícies desgastadas dos corpos de prova através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. / The present work presents an analysis of the abrasive wear resistance of a hardfacing and of the SAE 5160 steel. The hardfacing was obtained by the deposition of a iron based alloy through \"TIG\" welding on a ABNT 1020 steel. This alloy was developed with the use of Cr and Nb as carbide forming elements , resulting in a microstructure formed by a carbide net of M7C3 interdendritic in a austenitic matrix. The hardfacing samples suffered heat treatment of normalizing, hardening, tempering and subzero, viewing the achievement of differents microstructure, while the SAE 5160 steel suffered hardening and tempering according to the production process used in the agricutural tool manufacturing. The wear resistance of the hardfacing overcame the SAE 5160 steel in both types of abrasion wear tests, and the best performances were presented by hardening hardfacing in the pin wear test and by the tempering hardfacing in the rubber wheel/dry sand test. The identification of the material removal mechanisms in the abrasive tests was made by the observation of the worn surfaces of the samples through the scanning eletronic microscopy.

Glass forming ability (GFA) in the Pr-rich Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al alloys at or near the eutectic points was systematically studied. It was found that the GFA in the pseudo-ternary alloys of Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al is higher than that of the ternary alloys of Pr-Cu-Al. Two eutectic compositions in Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al alloys were found by DSC, namely, Pr₆₈(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₂₅Al₇ and Pr₅₂(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₂₅Al₂₃ (at %). The later one shows better GFA than the first one. However, the best GFA was obtained at an off-eutectic composition of Pr₅₄(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₃₀Al₁₆, which can be formed in fully amorphous rod with diameter of 1.5 mm by copper mould casting. The deviation of the best GFA composition from the eutectic point [Pr₆₈(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₂₅Al₇] was explained in terms of the asymmetric coupled eutectic zone and the higher glass transition temperature Tg on the hypereutectic side. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

O presente trabalho apresenta a análise da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de um revestimento duro e do aço SAE 5160. O revestimento foi obtido pela deposição de uma liga ferrosa através de processo de soldagem \"TIG\" sobre um aço ABNT 1020. Aliga foi desenvolvida com a utilização de CR e Nb como elementos formadores de carbonetos, proporcionando uma microestrutura constituída, no estado bruto de fusão, de uma rede de carbonetos (Cr, Fe)7C3 interdendríticos e NbC dispersos em uma matriz austenítica. Corpos de prova revestidos foram submetidos a tratamentos térmicos de normalização, têmpera, sub-zero e revenido, visando a obtenção de diferentes microestruturas na matriz, enquanto que o aço SAE 5160 foi temperado e revenido de acordo com o procedimento utilizado na confecção de ferramentas agrícolas com este material. A resistência ao desgaste do revestimento foi superior à do aço SAE 5160 nos dois tipos de ensaios de abrasão realizados, sendo os melhores desempenhos apresentados pelo revestimento temperado no ensaio realizado com equipamento do tipo pino sobre lixa e pelo revestimento temperado e revenido no ensaio do tipo roda de borracha/areia seca. A identificação dos mecanismos de remoção de material predominantes nos ensaios abrasivos foi possibilitada pela observação das superfícies desgastadas dos corpos de prova através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. / The present work presents an analysis of the abrasive wear resistance of a hardfacing and of the SAE 5160 steel. The hardfacing was obtained by the deposition of a iron based alloy through \"TIG\" welding on a ABNT 1020 steel. This alloy was developed with the use of Cr and Nb as carbide forming elements , resulting in a microstructure formed by a carbide net of M7C3 interdendritic in a austenitic matrix. The hardfacing samples suffered heat treatment of normalizing, hardening, tempering and subzero, viewing the achievement of differents microstructure, while the SAE 5160 steel suffered hardening and tempering according to the production process used in the agricutural tool manufacturing. The wear resistance of the hardfacing overcame the SAE 5160 steel in both types of abrasion wear tests, and the best performances were presented by hardening hardfacing in the pin wear test and by the tempering hardfacing in the rubber wheel/dry sand test. The identification of the material removal mechanisms in the abrasive tests was made by the observation of the worn surfaces of the samples through the scanning eletronic microscopy.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of machinability of materials. The theoretical part describes the aspects according to which machinability can be evaluated. The material side of the thesis is focused on various types of difficult-to-machine materials. The cobalt alloy UmCo50 belongs to the group of difficult-to-machine materials and it is the subject of the experimental part. UmCo50 is an alloy for high temperature use. The primary aim of the thesis was to monitor the wear of the selected cutting tool when turning this alloy. Other aspects of the selected machining process were also monitored, such as force effects or the quality of the machined surface. Despite the fact that machinability of tested materials cannot be expressed in terms of the absolute value of a quantity, it is necessary to compare the various aspects of the machining processes by reference materials. However, certain conditions of this comparison must be met. Based on this, a comparison of tested and reference material was performed.