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Le droit à l'épreuve de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises : étude à partir des entreprises transnationales / The law tested by CSR : the case of transnational companiesCaillet, Marie-Caroline 24 November 2014 (has links)
Les entreprises sont aujourd’hui au coeur des échanges économiques mondiaux. Ces échanges se traduisent par la mise en place de relations commerciales desquelles peuvent émerger des structures souvent complexes et difficilement saisissables par le droit : les entreprises transnationales. Aucune réponse juridique satisfaisante n’a encore été trouvée pour les encadrer, alors que paradoxalement, la RSE donne naissance à des normes, des outils et des instruments pour les responsabiliser. L’étude de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises transnationales à travers le prisme du droit révèle en réalité l’émergence d’un cadre de régulation hybride : les normes de RSE s’immiscent dans le droit, conduisant celui-ci à s’emparer de ces normes à son tour. Cet échange permet d’aborder l’entreprise transnationale à travers une approche nouvelle, tirée des normes de RSE, c’est-à-dire à travers son organisation et ses fonctions. Les relations de l’entreprise avec ses partenaires commerciaux deviennent alors une assise potentielle pour le droit, davantage que son statut ou que sa structure juridique, à partir desquelles peuvent être imputées des obligations, aujourd’hui inexistantes. Une fois l’entreprise transnationale saisie, c’est un cadre juridique adapté à son organisation complexe qui peut être mis à jour. L’étude des normes de RSE dévoile un enrichissement des règles applicables à l’entreprise transnationale et un renforcement potentiel de sa responsabilité juridique, fondée sur une approche préventive mais également solidaire du droit de la responsabilité. Passant outre les problèmes posés par l’absence de statut juridique, la RSE permet de saisir les entreprises transnationales par le biais de leurs relations commerciales, et d’envisager la conception d’un nouveau standard juridique de conduite sociétale, générateur d’une responsabilité individuelle et collective fondée sur une obligation de vigilance. / Companies are now at the heart of global trade. These economic exchanges result in the establishment of commercial relationships, from which may emerge structures that are often complex and difficult to grapple with under the law: transnational corporations. While no satisfactory legal framework has yet been established to frame their work, paradoxically CSR gives rise to standards, tools and instruments to ensure their accountability. The study of the social responsibility of transnational corporations through the prism of the law actually reveals the emergence of a hybrid framework of regulation: CSR standards influence the law, forcing the law in turn to take note of these standards. This exchange allows us to handle a transnational business through a new approach derived from CSR standards, essentially through its organisation and functions. The relationship between a company and its business partners then becomes a potential basis for the law, rather than its status or its legal structure, from which can be derived responsibilities. Once a transnational corporation is seized, a legal framework adapted to its complex structure can come to light. The study of CSR standards reveals an enrichment of the rules applicable to transnational corporations and a potential strengthening of their legal liability, based on a preventive and joint and several approach of the law of responsibility. Ignoring the problems posed by the lack of legal status, CSR allows for the regulation of transnational enterprises through their commercial relations and provides a basis for the development of a new legal standard of social conduct, giving rise to individual and collective liability based on a duty of care.
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The liability of trade unions for conduct of their members during industrial actionMlungisi, Ernest Tenza 18 September 2017 (has links)
South Africa has been experiencing a number of violent strikes by trade unions in
recent times. The issue is not only to hold unions liable for damage caused during
strikes, but also to reduce the number of violent strikes. This study investigates if
victims of such violence can hold trade unions liable for the violent acts committed by
their members during industrial action. The Labour Relations Act, 66 of 1995 (LRA)
makes provision for the dismissal of employees who commit misconduct during an
unprotected strike. It also provides the remedy of an interdict and a claim for just and
equitable compensation which can be made against the union, during an unprotected
strike. It is further possible to hold the union together with its members liable for
damages in terms of the Regulation of Gatherings Act, 205 of 1993 (RGA). The study
argues that a strike or conduct in furtherance of a strike that becomes violent could
lose protection and the trade union should consequently be held liable, in terms of the
LRA and/ or the RGA, for damages caused by its members. This study investigates
the position in Canada, Botswana and Australia to determine if there could be any
other basis upon which to hold trade union liable for the conduct of its members. The
study recommends that the common law doctrine of vicarious liability should be
developed by the courts to allow trade unions to be held liable for damages caused by
members during violent industrial action. Policy considerations and changing
economic conditions and the nature of strikes in the Republic favours the expansion
of the doctrine of vicarious liability to trade union member relationship. / Mercantile Law / LL. D.
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