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Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion of Bio-Mos in the growing ration for weaned lambs on growth rate, feed efficiency, and clinical measures of health of the lambs. Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), when included as a supplement to the diet, have been shown to have a positive effect on immune response in several species and in turn, positively affect the growth of the animal. MOS are commercially available as BioMos®, which is a nutritional supplement manufactured by Alltech, Inc. out of Nicholasville, KY. Forty-seven weaned Suffolk × Hampshire (n=47) lambs were used in this trial. Of the group, twenty (n=20) were ewe lambs and twentyseven (n=27) were wether lambs. The lambs were placed on their assigned diets and remained on the trial for a four week period (d+28). All responses evaluated in this study were influenced by time (p < 0.05) over the 28-d trial. A GENDER × WEEK interaction was observed for ADG and feed conversion (p < 0.05). Control lambs tended (p = 0.10) to have a higher intake over the 28-d period in comparison to Bio-Mos fed lambs. There were no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between control and Bio-Mos fed lambs for any of the growth parameters that were measured. There was a tendency (p = 0.10) for GENDER × WEEK to influence intake. Gender also tended to interacted with diet (GENDER × DIET, p = 0.09) to influence intake over the trial period. A GENDER × WEEK interaction was observed (p < 0.05) for feed conversion. Diet influenced fecal pH (p < 0.05). This study indicates Bio-Mos had minimal influence on growth and health.

Recommendations for the transportation of lambs from a European Commission, which required rest stops of 6 or 24 h, every 8 h, were evaluated for efficacy of reducing stress indicators using Rambouillet x Suffolk lambs (17.6 ± 0.5 kg). The lambs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) transported for 22 h (Continuous; n = 15); 2) transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 6 h, transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 24 h, transported for 6 h (Rested, n = 15); and 3) Control, which remained in home pasture throughout the study (n = 16). The rest stops were off-trailer; a different pen was used for each; and, a limited amount of grain and ad lib hay and water were provided. Mean temperature in the trailer during the study was 28.4° C with a range of 18.2° C to 39.6° C. Food deprivation in the Continuous lambs was reflected by a decrease in plasma glucose (P < 0.001) and an increase in blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.001), creatinine (P < 0.02) and total bilirubin (P < 0.001) relative to the Rested or the Control lambs. Electrolytes varied within and between all three treatments (P < 0.05), but no distinct pattern indicating dehydration was evident. Serum concentrations of cortisol were greater (P < 0.05) in Continuous lambs than in the Control lambs at 14 h and both the Continuous and Rested lambs had higher concentrations of cortisol (P < 0.05) compared to the Control lambs at 22 h. Plasma IgG antibody response to ovalbumin was suppressed (P < 0.05) in the Continuous and Rested lambs compared to the Control lambs. Lambs in both transported treatments ate grain immediately upon release into the rest pens and drinking occurred following the food consumption. The Continuous lambs lost a greater (P < 0.05) amount of initial BW at the conclusion of transport compared to the Rested lambs and had a lower BW (P < 0.05) than the Rested and Control lambs 8 d after the start of transport. Rest stops improved welfare by reducing physical stress of food deprivation and eliminating BW loss during transport. However, rest stops failed to completely alleviate immunosuppression and 52 h were required to complete the otherwise 22 h long trip. The additional costs of providing the benefits of the rest stops should be examined before these regulations are widely implemented.

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

Muscles (n = 18) were dissected from each side of twenty lamb carcasses. Muscles from the right sides of the carcasses were used to determine weight, length, width, minimum and maximum thickness, objective color measurements, water-holding capacity (WHC), pH, total collagen content, sarcomere length, and fat and moisture content. Muscles from the left sides of the carcasses were aged for seven days and used to determine percent cook loss, and Warner-Bratzler shear force values. The M. teres major was lightest (P < 0.05) in weight and smallest in surface area, while the M. longissimus lumborum was heaviest (P < 0.05) in weight, and the M. serratus ventralis was largest in surface area. M. adductor and M. semimembranosus were found to be the darkest in color (P < 0.05), while the M. latissimus dorsi and M. tensor fasciae latae were the lightest (P < 0.05). M. triceps brachii had the highest WHC and the M. longissimus lumborum the lowest. The M. teres major and M. serratus ventralis had the highest (P < 0.05) pH values. The M. infraspinatus was found to have the highest collagen content (9.00 mg/g) and the M. psoas major revealed the longest sarcomere lengths (3.06 μm). M. serratus ventralis possessed the highest (P < 0.05) percent fat and the lowest moisture content. M. serratus ventralis had the lowest cook loss (17.1%) and M. supraspinatus had the highest (25.6%). Of the muscles sampled, the M. serratus ventralis was found to have the lowest shear force value (21.8 newtons) and the M. semimembranosus had the highest (42.6 newtons). Based on the findings of these data, it is likely to conclude that certain muscles may be suitable for individual muscle applications while others may not be suitable or may pose certain palatability problems.

No description available.

No description available.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) through adequate damage detection and prediction of the remaining useful life of structures is a major area of interest in the aerospace community, where the growing maintenance costs can reduce the operational life of flight vehicles. The objective of a SHM system with an advanced diagnostic capability is to gradually replace current schedule-based maintenance tasks, where components are inspected following a pre-established number of cycles using condition-based maintenance, or are maintained prior to attaining an insufficient remaining useful life, based on specified confidence bounds. The research challenge is to obtain a reliable method for determining damage existence and respective location during its initial growth state as a component of an early warning system. In this thesis, an SHM system based on Lamb waves is proposed. A damage detection algorithm based on the comparison between the damaged structural state and a reference state has been developed. The detection algorithm, based on discrete signals correlation, was tested and improved by incorporating statistical methods and domain division techniques. Two SHM system architectures, namely the sensor network and phased array system were designed, implemented and tested. A visualization method based on the superposition of solutions obtained from a test set was implemented. Tests executed with multiple damage, representing surface and through-the-thickness holes and cracks were performed. The proposed SHM systems using Lamb waves were able to reliably detect holes of 1 mm holes in aluminum and 1.5 mm in composite plates with great confidence. / Graduate