Nannochloropsis oculata is one of promising oleaginous microalga, containing a plenty of fat which can be extracted and transformed into biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to develop a closed system, Outdoor Temperature Controllable Photobioreactor System (OTCPS), to cultivate the algae in pure and massive quantity. In this research, the seawater from Sizihwan is used as the cultivation liquid. Lambert-Beer¡¦s Law is adopted to calculate the attenuation coefficient of light intensity in a water column. By adjusting the water depth, not only the light intensity but also the water temperature could be controlled at the optimal situation and thus avoids unfavorable temperature changing in harsh weather. Therefore to establish the relationship of light intensity and water temperature is critical for the success of growing microalgae in outdoor conditions. The temperature variation of culture medium can be explained by the heat transfer theorem. In this study, the heat radiation mechanism and the first order of Fourier heat conductivity were adopted to simulate the liquid temperature change. The simulation results have shown good agreement with the filed data especially during daytime. The experimental results reveal that the winter grow rate of Nannochloroposis oculata is 0.33 d-1 , while the summer growth rate is only 0.20 d-1 . This may imply that the high temperature is an inhibition to the growth of Nannochloroposis oculata. Besides when the cell density of microalgae is getting higher, each individual alga may create mutual shading effect and thus reduce the photosynthetic efficiency. In conclusion, the proposed photobioreactor has been successfully tested in summer, autumn, and winter at Kaohsiung, in the south of Taiwan. This indicates that this device can be broadly used in the subtropic zone