There are currently no accepted frameworks or methodologies to compare and evaluate national land administration systems. Comparisons, however, are an important source for learning and for identifying strengths and weaknesses. Part of the difficulty for adopting a common comparison framework for land administration systems is that they are in constant reform and, more importantly, they have strong social and cultural links and implications. Land administration systems reflect the particular and different perceptions that societies have of their land. (For complete abstract open document)

This thesis aims to investigate what principles should guide the development of land administration infrastructures to adequately address the governance needs of evolving rights, restrictions and responsibilities between government, corporate bodies, community groups and individuals to better support sustainable development objectives. (For complete abstract open document)

The importance currently placed on sustainable development recognises the fundamental role of land administration and the management of land based resources. This acknowledgement of the pivotal role of land administration and tenure security reinforces the need to recognise all interest and responsibilities in land, particularly those of a customary and traditional nature. The United Nations Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Pritchard 1998) respects the unique relationship between indigenous people(s) and the land, recognising the need to protect these traditions and cultures. A number of countries (specifically the United States of America, Canada and New Zealand) have implemented legal and institutional mechanisms for the recognition of this unique relationship and connection to land. In doing so it provided the precedent for the recognition of interests in land as held by indigenous peoples of Australia. / In Australia the legal recognition of indigenous interests in land occurred in 1992, with the passing of the High Court’s decision concerning Mabo and others v the State of Queensland (no.2) (1992) 175 CLR 1 and the subsequent development and implementation of the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth). This federal act provides for the recognition and protection of native title within the framework of the Australian legal system . Its (native title interests) origins and foundations are those of traditional laws, connecting indigenous Australians with land and waters (S223 NTA 1993). (For complete abstract open document)

Abstract Peri-urban areas experience many land related problems and disputes because of rural-urban migration and increasing demand in land. The purpose of this thesis is to identify and describe the land problems and their related disputes that exist in two peri-urban areas surrounding the capital of Botswana, Gaborone. Two land boards administering these areas are studied in order to draw conclusions if there are any improvements that can be made to make the administration of land more effective.   The methods used in this thesis include: a literature review on previous made research to gain sufficient background and knowledge in the subject and a multiple case study to identify the most occurring land problems and how these are handled in the villages of Mogoditshane and Tlokweng. The case study included qualitative interviews with land board officers and experts within the studied subject.   The result from the literature review and the case studies shows similar result when it comes to land problems faced in Mogoditshane and Tlokweng. Common problems such as illegal occupations and multiple transfers lead to disputes over the right to land. The administration of handling these problems differ between the studied land boards as well as the approaches to resolving disputes that arises. For instance in Tlokweng they patrol the village in order to reveal illegal occupations. In the same land board they have also adopted the approach with alternative dispute resolution to reduce number of disputes entering the legal process.   It seems that one of the main causes for the land problems that occur in these areas is poor record keeping. Besides the improvements regarding record keeping, that is already in progress, this study has reached the conclusion that there are several measures that can be taken to make the management of land problems and related disputes more effective. The problem with shortage of land, which is another cause for land problems, could be reduced by an effective and unanimous land allocation process. Further we believe that by training both officers and board members in alternative dispute resolution methods and adopting an approach to try to resolve disputes before becoming a legal matter, will reduce costs as well as save time in the land administration.

This study explores some of the implications of the distribution of estates between the landholders of Essex in 1066. Emphasis is placed on the immediate background of land ownership in Essex during the reign of Edward the Confessor, though some attention is paid to the earlier history of the shire. The principal source for the investigation is the pre-Conquest data recorded in the Essex folios of Domesday Book. In the first part the broad outlines of the structure of landholding society are considered. Particular attention is paid to those with large amounts of land, although the less extensive holdings of, freemen and sokemen are also discussed. Charters, will's and other pre-Conquest documents provide information on the earlier tenurial history of some estates, and from them and other evidence a model is proposed of the trends in land tenure in Essex between c900 and 1066. In an appendix identifiable lay landholders are listed with details of their estates, whilst in the body of the text the pre-Conquest holdings of ecclesiastical institutions are examined in detail. The second part of the study considers the evolution of the institutions 'of public administration within the shire, and where relevant the influence upon them of powerful landholders. This influence is seen most clearly in the hundreds, and an attempt is made to reconstruct the earlier history of the 1066 Essex hundreds, in particular the evolution of those in the west of the shire. The varying fortunes of the Essex burhs are considered in the light of the output from their mints. To complete the picture evidence of pre-Conquest private lordship - soke, -and commendation - is examined.

<p>This thesis concerns the management and administration of tribal land in Botswana. The administration processes that are practiced today are neither effective nor suitable for present and future needs. Existing problems relates to registration, archiving and order among the ownership rights. A solution to these problems would promote a system that secures the right of each individuals land.</p><p>Our aim is to recognize the processes and work methods that are the reason for the mentioned problems in administration of tribal land. We want to find suggestions for solutions to these problems. To be able to recognize the existing difficulties a thorough literature review has been made as well as interviews with persons with dissimilar positions at three different land boards. Interviews were made at the Mogoditshane Subordinated Land Board, Tlokweng Main Land Board and Mochudi Subordinated Land Board. Questions asked concerned the Tribal Land Act, practice of land allocation and location of plots, appeals, recordkeeping and compensation.</p><p>We have also looked into how a pilot study regarding land adjudication directed by the LAPCAS-project, which is a five year running project in cooperation with Swedish Lantmäteriet and Ministry of Lands and Housing in Botswana, can act as one solution to the many problems that exists.</p><p>Our conclusion is that tribal land tenure in its own meaning is not a problem, the problem concerning tribal land lies in the administration thereof. Some common regulations for all land boards are needed to implement routines and structures that will improve the administration of tribal land. These kinds of routines can be learnt from involvement and close work with the LAPCAS-project.   </p>

This thesis concerns the management and administration of tribal land in Botswana. The administration processes that are practiced today are neither effective nor suitable for present and future needs. Existing problems relates to registration, archiving and order among the ownership rights. A solution to these problems would promote a system that secures the right of each individuals land. Our aim is to recognize the processes and work methods that are the reason for the mentioned problems in administration of tribal land. We want to find suggestions for solutions to these problems. To be able to recognize the existing difficulties a thorough literature review has been made as well as interviews with persons with dissimilar positions at three different land boards. Interviews were made at the Mogoditshane Subordinated Land Board, Tlokweng Main Land Board and Mochudi Subordinated Land Board. Questions asked concerned the Tribal Land Act, practice of land allocation and location of plots, appeals, recordkeeping and compensation. We have also looked into how a pilot study regarding land adjudication directed by the LAPCAS-project, which is a five year running project in cooperation with Swedish Lantmäteriet and Ministry of Lands and Housing in Botswana, can act as one solution to the many problems that exists. Our conclusion is that tribal land tenure in its own meaning is not a problem, the problem concerning tribal land lies in the administration thereof. Some common regulations for all land boards are needed to implement routines and structures that will improve the administration of tribal land. These kinds of routines can be learnt from involvement and close work with the LAPCAS-project.

ABSTRACT Village renewal refers to the process in which the existing living space and environmental conditions that have traditional value and characteristics, under the consideration of natural and humanistic resources, are bonded with social changes. It is a comprehensive, local, and perennial mission that involves both the public and the private sectors. For a long time Taiwan has witnessed an imbalance between cities and rural areas: the development of cities at the cost of villages, from which serious problems have sprouted. It is not justifiable to let cities grow to be more crowded and noisy and, at the same time, let villages become desolate and deserted. For this reason, in 1987 on behalf of the government, the Executive Yuan Council of Agriculture commissioned the Bureau of Land Administration of the Taiwan Provincial Government to implement renewal plan for farming and fishing villages. Some remote, out-of-shape communities were selected as the sites to undergo village renewal programs for almost ten years. This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this overall project exemplary plan, what difficulties were encountered in the implementation. The scope of the study included the 19 areas where the Bureau of Land Administration of the Taiwan Provincial Government completed the implementation of the renewal plan for farming and fishing villages. The subjects of this study primarily consisted of local government officials and village chiefs. The research methods included theoretical investigation, construction of problems, pragmatic research and or ganization and analysis of secondary data. With respect to effectiveness, three aspects regarding farming and fishing communities were studied, namely economic aspect, social aspect and environmental aspect each of which consists of 10 sub-items. The questionnaire survey method was adopted, and the Likert-Type Five-Point scale designed by American scholar Likert was used to enquire the degree of identity for each question, and then discussion was conducted and suggestions were proposed, after considering the execution aspect. The study has resulted in the findings: with respect to the effectiveness of farming and fishing village renewal plan implemented by the Taiwan province, the social aspect has achieved the highest effectiveness, followed by the environmental aspect, with the economic aspect achieving the lowest effectiveness. Furthermore, in the economic aspect, ¡§increasing community employment¡¨ and ¡§increasing the income for villagers¡¨ achieved the lowest effectiveness.

none

ivThe rapid increase of land development, the increase in population and theexploitation of natural resources have caused great concern to mostgovernments in the world today. Land and land tenure systems are the keyelements and the key forces which shape the society. However, theconstraints of the land tenure system and the effects of rapid economicdevelopment are visible throughout the world today, especially in lessdeveloped countries. Therefore land problems often break out as disputes. Inthis context, this thesis concentrates on customary land tenure and thecustomary land problems in Fiji.The main purpose of this thesis is to propose an alternative centre for theadministration and management of customary disputes, which will utiliseland information and geographical information to its maximum capabilities.It is anticipated that this model would assist customary landowners, landadministrators and land managers to resolve customary land disputes. TheFiji customary land tenure system is examined, in particular, landownership,land boundaries and land administration. These three topics are discussedindividually and then discussed as a basis of land disputes. It is in these threeareas that a procedure is developed into a system that may help in customaryland dispute resolution.This thesis aims to assist all other countries with customary land tenureproblems, especially those countries of the South Pacific that share the sameprinciples and the same flexibility.