Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 duran_ms_dr_sjrp.pdf: 850219 bytes, checksum: b864f301519c87d221d6364a6d0dd7c4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar parâmetros que possam ser utilizados para orientar melhorias e inovações lexicográficas, a fim de atender as dificuldades dos brasileiros na codificação escrita em línguas estrangeiras. Revisam-se criticamente várias pesquisas, em busca de subsídios que contribuam para diagnosticar as dificuldades de escrever em língua estrangeira, dentre elas os trabalhos produzidos por teóricos da Lexicografia, as pesquisas sobre o uso do dicionário e estudos sobre corpus de aprendizes. Realiza-se, também, uma pesquisa empírica sobre o uso dos dicionários na codificação a fim de complementar, com dados primários, as informações obtidas nas demais fontes. Uma vez conhecidas as necessidades dos usuários de dicionários, analisam-se as obras lexicográficas que expressam o propósito de auxiliar a produção em língua estrangeira. Nessa análise, verifica-se em que medida as necessidades identificadas são atendidas e como são atendidas. Chegase, assim, à conclusão de que algumas das dificuldades solucionáveis por meio da consulta ao dicionário já são satisfatoriamente atendidas pelas obras disponíveis, embora seja oportuno otimizar o acesso dos usuários às informações. Há necessidades, porém, que não são atendidas pelos dicionários ou são atendidas apenas parcialmente. A principal delas é a busca de equivalentes para itens lexicais do português. Há carência de dicionários bilíngües na direção português línguas estrangeiras que possuam, principalmente, a grande maioria dos sentidos e as colocações mais recorrentes de cada item lexical do português, além de ampla exemplificação do uso dos equivalentes em línguas estrangeiras. Para elaborar esses dicionários, o primeiro passo é definir uma nomenclatura que tome por base o léxico ativo do português do Brasil, incluindo lexias simples e complexas, com suas... / This work aims at presenting useful parameters for lexicographical improvements and innovations that meet encoding difficulties of Brazilian dictionary users. A critical review of lexicographers’ works, and researches on second language writing, productive dictionary use, and learner’s corpus, contributes to diagnose the problem of foreign language encoding. Also, an empirical research about dictionary use in encoding activities completes with primary data the information obtained from secondary sources. After identifying what dictionary users need, this work presents an analysis of five dictionaries which expressly mention their purpose to help users to write in a foreign language. Such analysis tries to measure to what extent, and how, users’ needs are satisfied. The conclusion is that reference works are able to solve some of learners` difficulties, although it is desirable to improve the ways users retrieve information from them. However, there are some needs not met by dictionaries or only partially met. The major of them is the search for equivalents in foreign languages that correspond to Portuguese lexical items. There is a lack of bilingual dictionaries Portuguese-foreign language that present, specially, every meaning and recurrent collocations for Portuguese lexical items, besides examples of equivalents use in foreign language. To compile such dictionaries, the first step is to define a word-list based on Brazilian Portuguese active vocabulary, including simple and complex lexical units with all their respective senses. Then, it is suggested to find equivalents in foreign language with examples that illustrate pedagogically their use. For this work, results from other projects may be reused, such as semantic networks, collocation extraction, Brazilian learners corpus, and parallel corpora of Brazilian Portuguese and foreign languages.

The Grahamstown Tertiary Education Bridging Project (GRATEP) was formed in 1991 by a group of post-matriculants from Grahamstown who had not been accepted into any tertiary institution for 1991. The overall aim of GRATEP was to prepare these students for tertiary education. The Academic Skills Programme at Rhodes University offered a programme in English Language Development. The present study aimed to research the design, implementation and evaluation of the GRATEP English Language Development programme which was implemented from May through to October 1991. A multimethod approach has been used to assess the progress made by the students in terms of developing communicative competence in English and to evaluate the course itself. The data included writing samples, questionnaires, exercises in hierarchical organization, a clozetest, comments made by the students and the participant observers. The programme appeared to have been most effective in terms of building confidence, developing academic skills and encouraging the students to take greater responsibility for their own learning. Statistical comparisons of the first and final writing samples revealed no overall significant improvement in communicative competence in English. However, comparisons of the scores in the categories and sub-categories of communicative competence revealed that students had improved in their ability to structure and organize their writing. The research raised questions about the design, implementation and assessment of non-formal language courses of this kind and made suggestions for improvement and further research.

Touching Brýnstone is the story of Beth, a young journalist who is troubled by misfortunes in her family and work circumstances. In a Pretoria library she is seduced by a book that consoles her and progressively becomes a fetish object. It sparks a journey to Japan, where she arrives to teach English. She is intent on meeting the author, whom she confounds with protagonist and book. This Bildungsroman is an exploration of the complex relationship between inner and outer self, and the struggle towards wholeness. Beth must find a way out of the obsession so that she can return to South Africa with an enriched insight into her shadow self.

A collection of mostly lyrical poems. The poems explore moments of experience and thought relating to longing and belonging, in terms of relations, memory and place. The poems are mostly short and intense. Silence and implied meanings are often as important as what is said; shadows are evoked to recall substance. Though short, the poems are not tightly closed – on the contrary, meanings proliferate in the process of exploration.

This study compared cohesive devices in texts written by Japanese second-year junior high school learners with those in texts that appeared in the textbook they were studying. The purpose of the study was to determine which cohesive devices were being used in the textbook and which were used in the learners’ writing. The study used both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis began by determining whether there was any significant difference between the textbook readings and the learners’ writing in terms of the frequency of cohesive devices. It then examined the kinds of devices that were used by both groups of texts. The qualitative analysis compared the patterns of reiteration in two textbook readings with those in a sample of six student texts of different levels of success. The results showed no significant differences between the student texts and the textbooks in terms of the overall frequency of cohesive devices. Among the individual devices, however, there was a significantly higher frequency of ellipsis and synonyms in the textbook readings than in the student texts. There was also a significantly higher frequency of conjunction and reference in the student texts relative to the textbook readings. In all other devices, there was no significant difference between the textbook readings and the student texts. The qualitative study revealed the importance of strong opening sentences, reinforcement of the main topic through repetition, as well as of linking new topics with the main topic in the textbook readings. However, the presence of these features varied in the selected student texts. Accordingly, stronger texts contained all these features, average texts contained some of them, and weaker texts contained few or none. This study consequently supports other studies that have shown that the way in which cohesive devices are used is far more important in determining text quality than the number of devices used. The findings of this study showed the strengths and weaknesses in the students’ writing, and highlighted the need for a greater awareness of cohesion by focusing more on sentence building, and the use of a greater variety of cohesive devices / English Studies / M. A. (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages)

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Vicky, a thirty something English radio journalist, has moved to Cape Town to try and work out what it is that's missing from her life and to fill the gap. At first she thinks she's found what she's looking for, but a series of unsettling events makes her realise she has simply brought her problems with her. She goes back to England, ostensibly for work, where she is contacted by her stepbrother, Mark. They hardly know each other but he has a reason for wanting to find her. They meet and, for both of them, their encounters change the way they see themselves and their relationships. Vicky comes to understand more about her past and her family and, for the first time, to find a connection with her emotional life

We're in an alternate universe, circa Dickensian London. Leofric Lieven, a local crime lord, is about to find the past catching up on him. The Romany Carnival has come to town, and a gypsy woman, his former lover and partner in crime, demands from him a favour which will redress his betrayal of years before: he must secure a stolen object and return it to her. But things go horribly wrong when local delivery boy Cards Bennish is kidnapped by Leofric’s competitor before he can deliver the goods that will cover Leofric's debt to the gypsy. In this world, humans can shape shift into animals, entirely or only partially, dog fighting is the favourite pastime for high stakes betting, and power belongs to the highest bidder. The gypsy’s final bet, for the highest stakes yet, will seal the fates of a number of people, for better or worse

The Talisman is an adventure story set in a future where much of today's cultural memory and technology has been lost. Following a hunting accident, a young man named Forest survives a life-threatening wound and embarks on a quest for knowledge. Rising sea levels, bands of marauders, wild animals and the perils of survival in the broken world are not the only problems facing the survivors. The nature of the collapse of the society, what triggered it and its subsequent unfolding, bequeaths an existential quandary upon them that only Forest, and a rare text as old as the earth itself, can unravel

A collection of mostly lyrical poems. The poems explore moments of experience and thought relating to longing and belonging, in terms of relations, memory and place. The poems are mostly short and intense. Silence and implied meanings are often as important as what is said; shadows are evoked to recall substance. Though short, the poems are not tightly closed – on the contrary, meanings proliferate in the process of exploration