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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Exploring the Moderating Effect of Maternal Scaffolding on The Temperament - Language Development Relationship

Robertson, Chelsea L 01 August 2019 (has links)
Many studies have examined the relationship between a child’s temperament and its effect on his or her early language development. However, few studies have investigated the detrimental effects a child’s negative affectivity may have on their language development and potential ways these effects may be limited through parental behaviors. The current study aimed to investigate if physical or verbal maternal scaffolding behaviors moderated the effect negative affect has on language development. Although it was expected that maternal encouragement of physical activity would play a moderating role in the relationship between temperament and language development, no such relationship was found. One explanation for these findings is the operationalization of maternal scaffolding behaviors in the present study; previous studies have also included instances of emotional and motivational scaffolding. Future efforts should aim to incorporate a broader range of potential scaffolding behaviors in their coding protocols.
62

Relações entre os desempenhos em nomeação rápida, consciência fonêmica, conhecimento de letras e leitura escrita em 1° e 2° ano do Ensino Fundamental / Relations between the performance in rapid naming, phonemic awareness and letter knowledge in 1st and 2nd fundamental scholar degree

Patah, Luciane Kalil 19 August 2011 (has links)
Este estudo teve o objetivo de descrever e comparar os desempenhos de alunos do 1º e do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental em tarefas de consciência fonêmica, nomeação rápida, conhecimento de letras, leitura e escrita, bem como verificar a associação entre os resultados obtidos nas provas aplicadas. Participaram da pesquisa 60 crianças entre 5:9 e 7:5 anos de idade que estudavam em escolas da Rede Municipal da região central de Pindamonhangaba. Os sujeitos não apresentavam queixas nem alterações quanto a linguagem e aprendizagem. Para a aplicação das provas experimentais foram utilizados: CONFIAS-Consciência Fonológica: instrumento de avaliação sequencial, (MOOJEN et al, 2003) para avaliação de consciência fonêmica; prova de nomeação rápida do teste CTOPP- Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, de WAGNER, TORGESEN, e RASHOTTE (1999), adaptada por ROSAL (2002) e por SIMÕES (2006); prova de conhecimento de letras utilizada por CARDOSO-MARTINS (2006); e as listas de palavras reais e inventadas de PINHEIRO (1994) com a redução de número de palavras proposta por HERRERO (2007) para avaliação de leitura e de escrita. Para discussão dos resultados, os sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos: GP1 (1º ano) e GP2 (2º ano). Ao comparar os dois grupos, os resultados indicaram melhor desempenho no GP2 em: todos os subtestes de leitura e escrita, todos os subtestes de consciência fonêmica, nomeação rápida de itens alfanuméricos e conhecimento de letras. Na comparação entre os subtestes da consciência fonêmica, os resultados evidenciaram melhor desempenho em tarefas cujo fonema-alvo está no início das palavras e pior desempenho em subtestes de segmentação e transposição. Na nomeação rápida, as diferenças entre os subtestes dependeram do ano escolar; assim, o melhor desempenho ocorreu em números (GP1 e GP2) e letras (GP2) e o pior desempenho foi em nomeação rápida de letras para o GP1e de cores para o GP2. Foram encontradas correlações positivas das habilidades de processamento fonológico com a leitura e com a escrita, mas estas correlações dependeram dos subtestes e do ano escolar. Além disso, os resultados indicaram associação do conhecimento de letras com 9 habilidades de processamento fonológico e de leitura e escrita, sendo observado que tal associação torna-se menos evidente com a escolarização. / The aim of this study was to describe and compare the performance of students from 1st and 2nd fundamental scholar degree in tasks of phonemic awareness, rapid naming, letter knowledge, reading and writing and to verify the association between the results from the tasks. Participated from the study 60 children aged from 5:9 to 7:5 years-old from municipal schools at Pindamonhangaba central area. Subjects did not present any complaints or difficulties related to language and learning development. Experimental tests applied were: CONFIAS-Consciência Fonológica: instrumento de avaliação sequencial, (MOOJEN et al, 2003) to test phonemic awareness; rapid naming test from CTOPP- Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (WAGNER, TORGESEN, and RASHOTTE, 1999), adapted to Brazilian Portuguese by ROSAL (2002) and SIMÕES (2006); letter knowledge test (CARDOSO-MARTINS, 2006); and list of words and invented words (PINHEIRO, 1994) reduced as proposed by HERRERO (2007) for reading and writing testing. Subjects were separated into two groups: GP1 (1st grade) e GP2 (2nd grade). Comparison between groups indicated better performance for GP2 at all reading and writing subtests, all phonemic awareness subtests, alphanumeric rapid naming subtests and letter knowledge. Comparison among phonemic awareness subtests demonstrated better performance in tasks when target-phoneme were in the beginning of words and worst performance at segmentation and reverse abilities. In rapid naming differences depended on the school grade. The best performance was at digits rapid naming task for both GP1 and GP2 and letter rapid naming task for GP2 while the worst performance was at letter naming task for GP1 and color naming task for GP2. Positive correlations were observed between phonological processing abilities and reading and writing tasks depending on the subtests and school grade. Results also indicated positive association among letter knowledge, phonological processing abilities and reading and writing tasks but less associated to school effects.
63

A Comparative Analysis of the Patterns of Language Development between Children with Williams syndrome and Children with Down syndrome

Hart, Erin Elizabeth January 2011 (has links)
Thesis advisor: Penny Hauser-Cram / Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder marked by a microdeletion of approximately 25 genes on chromosome 7. Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder marked by a chromosomal abnormality in which an additional copy of chromosome 21 is present in some or all cells. A comparative analysis of language acquisition between populations of children with WS and populations of children with DS yielded largely different patterns in language development. Phonology was found to be largely intact in children with WS, while children with DS struggled to produce intelligible and articulate speech. Semantics proved an area of relative strength in comparison to other areas of language development in both populations. Syntax was found to be a relative strength in the WS population, while children with DS struggled with syntactic output. Both groups exhibited difficulties in syntactic processing. In contrast to common conceptions regarding pragmatic strengths in children with WS, results indicated that gesture, narrative and discourse were areas of relative weakness in this population. Gesture, narrative and discourse proved areas of relative strength for children with DS. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program.
64

Relações entre os desempenhos em nomeação rápida, consciência fonêmica, conhecimento de letras e leitura escrita em 1° e 2° ano do Ensino Fundamental / Relations between the performance in rapid naming, phonemic awareness and letter knowledge in 1st and 2nd fundamental scholar degree

Luciane Kalil Patah 19 August 2011 (has links)
Este estudo teve o objetivo de descrever e comparar os desempenhos de alunos do 1º e do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental em tarefas de consciência fonêmica, nomeação rápida, conhecimento de letras, leitura e escrita, bem como verificar a associação entre os resultados obtidos nas provas aplicadas. Participaram da pesquisa 60 crianças entre 5:9 e 7:5 anos de idade que estudavam em escolas da Rede Municipal da região central de Pindamonhangaba. Os sujeitos não apresentavam queixas nem alterações quanto a linguagem e aprendizagem. Para a aplicação das provas experimentais foram utilizados: CONFIAS-Consciência Fonológica: instrumento de avaliação sequencial, (MOOJEN et al, 2003) para avaliação de consciência fonêmica; prova de nomeação rápida do teste CTOPP- Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, de WAGNER, TORGESEN, e RASHOTTE (1999), adaptada por ROSAL (2002) e por SIMÕES (2006); prova de conhecimento de letras utilizada por CARDOSO-MARTINS (2006); e as listas de palavras reais e inventadas de PINHEIRO (1994) com a redução de número de palavras proposta por HERRERO (2007) para avaliação de leitura e de escrita. Para discussão dos resultados, os sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos: GP1 (1º ano) e GP2 (2º ano). Ao comparar os dois grupos, os resultados indicaram melhor desempenho no GP2 em: todos os subtestes de leitura e escrita, todos os subtestes de consciência fonêmica, nomeação rápida de itens alfanuméricos e conhecimento de letras. Na comparação entre os subtestes da consciência fonêmica, os resultados evidenciaram melhor desempenho em tarefas cujo fonema-alvo está no início das palavras e pior desempenho em subtestes de segmentação e transposição. Na nomeação rápida, as diferenças entre os subtestes dependeram do ano escolar; assim, o melhor desempenho ocorreu em números (GP1 e GP2) e letras (GP2) e o pior desempenho foi em nomeação rápida de letras para o GP1e de cores para o GP2. Foram encontradas correlações positivas das habilidades de processamento fonológico com a leitura e com a escrita, mas estas correlações dependeram dos subtestes e do ano escolar. Além disso, os resultados indicaram associação do conhecimento de letras com 9 habilidades de processamento fonológico e de leitura e escrita, sendo observado que tal associação torna-se menos evidente com a escolarização. / The aim of this study was to describe and compare the performance of students from 1st and 2nd fundamental scholar degree in tasks of phonemic awareness, rapid naming, letter knowledge, reading and writing and to verify the association between the results from the tasks. Participated from the study 60 children aged from 5:9 to 7:5 years-old from municipal schools at Pindamonhangaba central area. Subjects did not present any complaints or difficulties related to language and learning development. Experimental tests applied were: CONFIAS-Consciência Fonológica: instrumento de avaliação sequencial, (MOOJEN et al, 2003) to test phonemic awareness; rapid naming test from CTOPP- Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (WAGNER, TORGESEN, and RASHOTTE, 1999), adapted to Brazilian Portuguese by ROSAL (2002) and SIMÕES (2006); letter knowledge test (CARDOSO-MARTINS, 2006); and list of words and invented words (PINHEIRO, 1994) reduced as proposed by HERRERO (2007) for reading and writing testing. Subjects were separated into two groups: GP1 (1st grade) e GP2 (2nd grade). Comparison between groups indicated better performance for GP2 at all reading and writing subtests, all phonemic awareness subtests, alphanumeric rapid naming subtests and letter knowledge. Comparison among phonemic awareness subtests demonstrated better performance in tasks when target-phoneme were in the beginning of words and worst performance at segmentation and reverse abilities. In rapid naming differences depended on the school grade. The best performance was at digits rapid naming task for both GP1 and GP2 and letter rapid naming task for GP2 while the worst performance was at letter naming task for GP1 and color naming task for GP2. Positive correlations were observed between phonological processing abilities and reading and writing tasks depending on the subtests and school grade. Results also indicated positive association among letter knowledge, phonological processing abilities and reading and writing tasks but less associated to school effects.
65

Tiga är silver men tala är guld : Lärares tankar kring möjligheterna att skapa en god språkmiljö i förskolan / Let there be language : Teachers’ thoughts about language development in pre-school

Kårlin, Emelie, Hyltén-Cavallius, Susanne January 2009 (has links)
AbstractAim; With this study we aim to know more about the possibilities teachers in pre-school regard useful in their work, when encouraging children’s language development. In the study we are inspired by the thoughts and ideas of Lev Vygotskij. Method; We interviewed eight trained teachers at four pre-schools in Sweden. The interviews were recorded and later written down. The teachers all work in public pre-schools with no specified pedagogical ideology. In our analysis of the interviews we focused in finding corresponding themes that surfaced during the interviews. Then we thoroughly went through the questions to get a deeper understanding of what had been said during the interview. Result; All teachers agree on the importance of reading to the children. However, they don’t talk about how to read, which is something that researchers in the field emphasize. When putting together the result we found that researchers and teachers agreed that interest is important when learning something new. The teachers also expressed that they felt competent to create an inspirational environment where the teachers and children can meet.Conclusions; Everybody agrees that physical and social environment of the school effects the children’s learning conditions. The prerequisitions that the children are offered have a connection to their teachers competences and interests. All teachers participating in this study regard themselves as working according to the official curriculum for pre-schools. There ways of working differs, which we find to be a result of how the curriculum is formulated. It presents aims but not how to reach them. This makes the curriculum open to different interpretations. / Uppsatsnivå: C
66

Fonoaudiologia e pediatria: conhecimento de pediatras sobre o desenvolvimento da linguagem / Speech-language pathology and pediatrics: knowledge of pediatricians about language development

Medeiros, Alessandra Nicolas Cesar de 29 April 2016 (has links)
O conhecimento das fases do desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil é de suma importância para a identificação precoce de suas alterações. Como o pediatra é o profissional que acompanha o desenvolvimento infantil, desde o nascimento da criança, cabe a ele acompanhar todas as fases do desenvolvimento - tanto global quanto da linguagem - além de orientar a família, realizar a identificação do problema de linguagem e o encaminhamento precoce do que não está dentro do desenvolvimento típico para que - o quanto antes - possa ser feita a intervenção. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar o conhecimento dos pediatras sobreo desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil antes e depois do acesso a um site específico sobre o tema. O objetivo secundário foi avaliar e analisar se o site acrescentou algum conhecimento aos profissionais, que pudesse ser utilizado e aplicado em suas rotinas. Participaram deste estudo 17 pediatras da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Município da cidade de Bauru (interior do Estado de São Paulo), sendo que a coleta de dados ocorreu em seus locais de trabalho (ambulatório ou pronto-socorro). Os profissionais foram convidados a preencher três questionários - um sobre perfil profissional e os outros dois avaliativos sobre o conteúdo do mesmo, com perguntas objetivas, antes e após a visualização do website. Para cada questionário, foram fornecidos até 30 minutos para preenchimento por meio manuscrito. Quanto ao perfil profissional, a média de idade dos pediatras foi de 48 anos, prevalência do sexo feminino, a média da carga horária semanal foi de 54 horas e 30 minutos e o local de trabalho com maior prevalência foi o pronto atendimento público. Em relação ao desempenho dos pediatras somente foi possível comparar o resultado pré e pós-visualização. Do questionário sobre aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil, a questão que os pediatras apresentaram maior grau de acerto (82,35%) foi a que relacionava a idade da criança com o surgimento das primeiras palavras e o fator de risco que os pediatras mais elencaram que interfere no desenvolvimento e geram alterações na linguagem infantil foi a falta de estímulos. Os resultados pré e pós-visualização do blog somente foram possíveis de serem comparados em 24% da amostra (seis pediatras), pois a maioria dos pediatras só respondeu o questionário pré-visualização. Nesta comparação, as questões que apresentaram acertos com mudanças estatisticamente significantes foram as questões que se referiam a idade de aquisição dos fonemas e ao período em que a criança consegue contar uma história para o adulto. Concluindo, os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que os pediatras que fizeram parte da amostra possuem uma visão global da linguagem e que há uma grande dificuldade quanto à adesão de participação em pesquisas mesmo que esta seja por meio de recursos digitais e não necessitando ser realizada no ambiente de trabalho. / The knowledge about the stages of the child language development is of paramount importance for the early identification of its changes. As the pediatrician is the professional who accompanies the child development from birth, it is up to him to follow all the stages of development - both global and language - in addition to guiding the family, carring the language problem identification and early referral about what is not within the typical development, so as soon as possible the intervention can be made. This paper aimed to verify pediatricians knowledge about child language development before and after the access to a specific site on the topic. The secondary objective was to evaluate and analyze if the site have added some knowledge to the professionals, that could be used and applied to their daily routines. Seventeen pediatricians of the Municipal Health Department of the Municipality of Bauru (state of São Paulo) participated of this study, and the data collection took place in their workspaces (outpatient or emergency room). The professionals were asked to complete three questionnaires - one about professional profile and two others evaluating its content, containing objective questions before and after viewing the website. It was provided 30 minutes to fill each questionnaire by hand. On the professional profile, the average age of pediatricians was 48 years, prevalence of women, the average weekly working hours was 54 hours and 30 minutes, and the workplace with the highest prevalence was the emergency public service. On the pediatricians performance, it was only possible comparing the pre and post view results. On the child language acquisition and development questionnaire, the question pediatricians had higher rightness degree (82.35%) was the one relating the child\'s age with the emergence of the first words, and according to the pediatricians, the risk factor that most interfere on development and generate changes in children\'s language was the lack of stimuli. Preview and post view results could only be compared with 24% of the sample (six pediatricians) since most pediatricians only answered the preview questionnaire. On this comparison, the questions presenting hits with statistically significant changes were those referred to the age of acquisition of phonemes and the period in which the child can tell a story to the adult. These data demonstrated and concluded that pediatricians have a global view of language and that there is a great difficulty on the participation of the accession in research even if it is through digital resources and do not need to be performed in the workplace.
67

A atuação da palavra no desenvolvimento psicogenético do sujeito surdo e seu atendimento psicoterápico: neurose, plasticidade cerebral e outros abismos

Camargos, Gláucio Silva 16 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Suzana Dias (suzana.dias@famerp.br) on 2018-10-29T16:31:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GlaucioCamargos_dissertac.pdf: 1004018 bytes, checksum: 3f30e0abdb952e2c20d98db6973c16bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-29T16:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlaucioCamargos_dissertac.pdf: 1004018 bytes, checksum: 3f30e0abdb952e2c20d98db6973c16bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / The speech is one of the main instruments of psychotherapy, which represents an obstacle to the treatment of congenital deaf who do not use oral language to symbolize their mental states. Objective: To analyze the process of psychic construction in deaf subjects using sign language, their relation with their linguistic development and to indicate possible considerations for the psychotherapeutic work with this population. Methods: We carried out a bibliographical survey through a systematic review based on the Prisma method. After that, we performed a multiple case study through a psychotherapy program designed to attend three deaf individuals with congenital deafness in the deaf community of São José do Rio Preto -SP, selected by lot, from a private clinical record. The program was structured in twenty-six sessions of dynamic psychotherapy. The sessions were held individually and systematically, aiming to observe the patterns in the development of mental processes, performed once a week, lasting 50 minutes. For data analysis we used SPINK's Maps and Association Trees (2010). Results: Differences in the semiotic language system in congenital deaf people result in adaptations in the psychic development of these subjects due to the nature of sign language. Conclusion: Psychotherapeutic treatment for the deaf should take into account their own semiotic system, their symbolic organization, and their culture. / A fala é um dos principais instrumentos de psicoterapia, o que representa um obstáculo para o tratamento de surdos congênitos que não utilizam o idioma oral para simbolizar seus estados mentais. Objetivo: Analisar o processo de construção psíquica em sujeitos surdos usuários da língua de sinais, sua relação com seu desenvolvimento linguístico e indicar possíveis considerações para o trabalho psicoterápico com essa população. Métodos: Inicialmente realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico por meio de uma revisão sistemática pautada no método Prisma. Após isso executamos um estudo de caso múltiplo por meio de um programa de psicoterapia planejado para atender três sujeitos surdos congênitos da comunidade surda de São José do Rio Preto -SP, selecionados por sorteio, de cadastro clínico particular. O programa foi estruturado em vinte e seis sessões de psicoterapia dinâmica. As sessões ocorreram em caráter individual e sistemático, visando observar os padrões no desenvolvimento dos processos mentais, realizadas uma vez por semana, com duração de 50 minutos. Para a análise de dados utilizamos os Mapas e as Árvores de Associação de SPINK (2010). Resultados: Diferenças no sistema semiótico da linguagem em surdos congênitos resultam em adaptações no desenvolvimento psíquico desses sujeitos em razão da natureza da língua de sinais. Conclusão: O tratamento psicoterápico para surdos deve levar em consideração seu sistema semiótico próprio, sua organização simbólica e sua cultura.
68

Fonoaudiologia e pediatria: conhecimento de pediatras sobre o desenvolvimento da linguagem / Speech-language pathology and pediatrics: knowledge of pediatricians about language development

Alessandra Nicolas Cesar de Medeiros 29 April 2016 (has links)
O conhecimento das fases do desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil é de suma importância para a identificação precoce de suas alterações. Como o pediatra é o profissional que acompanha o desenvolvimento infantil, desde o nascimento da criança, cabe a ele acompanhar todas as fases do desenvolvimento - tanto global quanto da linguagem - além de orientar a família, realizar a identificação do problema de linguagem e o encaminhamento precoce do que não está dentro do desenvolvimento típico para que - o quanto antes - possa ser feita a intervenção. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar o conhecimento dos pediatras sobreo desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil antes e depois do acesso a um site específico sobre o tema. O objetivo secundário foi avaliar e analisar se o site acrescentou algum conhecimento aos profissionais, que pudesse ser utilizado e aplicado em suas rotinas. Participaram deste estudo 17 pediatras da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Município da cidade de Bauru (interior do Estado de São Paulo), sendo que a coleta de dados ocorreu em seus locais de trabalho (ambulatório ou pronto-socorro). Os profissionais foram convidados a preencher três questionários - um sobre perfil profissional e os outros dois avaliativos sobre o conteúdo do mesmo, com perguntas objetivas, antes e após a visualização do website. Para cada questionário, foram fornecidos até 30 minutos para preenchimento por meio manuscrito. Quanto ao perfil profissional, a média de idade dos pediatras foi de 48 anos, prevalência do sexo feminino, a média da carga horária semanal foi de 54 horas e 30 minutos e o local de trabalho com maior prevalência foi o pronto atendimento público. Em relação ao desempenho dos pediatras somente foi possível comparar o resultado pré e pós-visualização. Do questionário sobre aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil, a questão que os pediatras apresentaram maior grau de acerto (82,35%) foi a que relacionava a idade da criança com o surgimento das primeiras palavras e o fator de risco que os pediatras mais elencaram que interfere no desenvolvimento e geram alterações na linguagem infantil foi a falta de estímulos. Os resultados pré e pós-visualização do blog somente foram possíveis de serem comparados em 24% da amostra (seis pediatras), pois a maioria dos pediatras só respondeu o questionário pré-visualização. Nesta comparação, as questões que apresentaram acertos com mudanças estatisticamente significantes foram as questões que se referiam a idade de aquisição dos fonemas e ao período em que a criança consegue contar uma história para o adulto. Concluindo, os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que os pediatras que fizeram parte da amostra possuem uma visão global da linguagem e que há uma grande dificuldade quanto à adesão de participação em pesquisas mesmo que esta seja por meio de recursos digitais e não necessitando ser realizada no ambiente de trabalho. / The knowledge about the stages of the child language development is of paramount importance for the early identification of its changes. As the pediatrician is the professional who accompanies the child development from birth, it is up to him to follow all the stages of development - both global and language - in addition to guiding the family, carring the language problem identification and early referral about what is not within the typical development, so as soon as possible the intervention can be made. This paper aimed to verify pediatricians knowledge about child language development before and after the access to a specific site on the topic. The secondary objective was to evaluate and analyze if the site have added some knowledge to the professionals, that could be used and applied to their daily routines. Seventeen pediatricians of the Municipal Health Department of the Municipality of Bauru (state of São Paulo) participated of this study, and the data collection took place in their workspaces (outpatient or emergency room). The professionals were asked to complete three questionnaires - one about professional profile and two others evaluating its content, containing objective questions before and after viewing the website. It was provided 30 minutes to fill each questionnaire by hand. On the professional profile, the average age of pediatricians was 48 years, prevalence of women, the average weekly working hours was 54 hours and 30 minutes, and the workplace with the highest prevalence was the emergency public service. On the pediatricians performance, it was only possible comparing the pre and post view results. On the child language acquisition and development questionnaire, the question pediatricians had higher rightness degree (82.35%) was the one relating the child\'s age with the emergence of the first words, and according to the pediatricians, the risk factor that most interfere on development and generate changes in children\'s language was the lack of stimuli. Preview and post view results could only be compared with 24% of the sample (six pediatricians) since most pediatricians only answered the preview questionnaire. On this comparison, the questions presenting hits with statistically significant changes were those referred to the age of acquisition of phonemes and the period in which the child can tell a story to the adult. These data demonstrated and concluded that pediatricians have a global view of language and that there is a great difficulty on the participation of the accession in research even if it is through digital resources and do not need to be performed in the workplace.
69

The role of pointing gestures in facilitating word learning

Wu, Zhen 01 May 2015 (has links)
Previous natural observations have found a robust correlation between infants’ spontaneous gesture production and vocabulary development: the onset and frequency of infants’ pointing gestures are significantly correlated to their subsequent vocabulary size (Colonnesi, Stams, Koster, & Noom, 2010). The present study first examined the correlations between pointing and vocabulary size in an experimental setting, and then experimentally manipulated responses to pointing, to investigate the role of pointing in infants’ forming word-object associations. In the first experiment, we elicited 12- to 24-month old infants’ pointing gestures to 8 familiar and 8 novel objects. Their vocabulary was assessed by the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (MCDI): Words and Gestures. Results showed that 12-16 month old infants’ receptive vocabulary was positively correlated to infants’ spontaneous pointing. This correlation, however, was not significant in 19-24 month old infants. This experiment thus generalizes the previous naturalistic observation findings to an experimental setting, and shows a developmental change in the relation between pointing and receptive vocabulary. Together with prior studies, it suggests a possible positive social feedback loop of pointing and language skills in infants younger than 18 months old: the bigger vocabulary size infants have, the more likely they point, the more words they hear, and then the faster they develop their vocabulary. In the second experiment, we tested whether 16-month-old infants’ pointing gestures facilitate infants’ word learning in the moment. Infants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: the experimenter labeled an unfamiliar object with a novel name 1) immediately after the infant pointed to it (the point contingent condition); 2) when the infant looked at it; or 3) at a schedule predetermined by a vocabulary-matched infant in the point contingent condition. After hearing the objects’ names, infants were presented with a word learning test. Results showed that infants successfully selected the correct referent above chance level only in the point contingent condition, and their performance was significantly better in the point contingent condition than the other two conditions. Therefore, only words that were provided contingently after pointing were learned. Taken together, these two studies further our understanding of the correlation between early gesture and vocabulary development and suggest that pointing plays a role in early word learning.
70

The Use of a Musical Tutoring Experience in a Compensatory Education Program

Burdge, Margaret 01 May 1973 (has links)
Language development of pre-school children was studied as it is related to a musical tutoring experience. Nine musical tutoring sessions, in addition to those of the regular curriculum, were given to the experimental group while the control group received no such tutoring experiences. The experimental group, at the conclusion of the musical tutoring sessions, scored significantly higher than the control group when tested on the specific language concepts stressed in the tutoring sessions. Because the findings were significant the hypothesis stated as, " ... there will be a significant difference between the experimental group, which will have the supplemental music tutoring experience, and the control group which will not have that experience," was held tenable.

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