Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-21T13:22:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 decisoes_judiciais.pdf: 1282115 bytes, checksum: aef9dbb46c2d87da8c5334260b38682b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-21T13:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 decisoes_judiciais.pdf: 1282115 bytes, checksum: aef9dbb46c2d87da8c5334260b38682b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-14 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa sustenta que Direito e Saúde são Sistemas Sociais autopoiéticos e, por isso, suas decisões devem se limitar à sua função código/programação. Nessas condições, onde a saúde encontra-se posicionada entre diversos outros sistemas, como o Econômico e o Político, uma observação transdisciplinar é obrigatória, mormente quando pretende-se apurar se o Poder Judiciário, organização central do Sistema do Direito, tem condições de deferir pedidos de medicamentos experimentais ajuizados contra do Estado, observando estritamente seu código funcional e programação, sem com isso causar a corrupção do Sistema ou problemas autopoiéticos. Para isso, elementos como complexidade, risco e contingência devem ser trabalhados, pois estão sempre presentes na tomada de decisão, e em questões envolvendo a saúde são de relevância ímpar, uma vez que há um excesso de possibilidades de decisões e os riscos e perigos poderão levar um doente a morte, de acordo com a decisão proferida ou de acordo com a forma como ela será operacionalizada. Nessa perspectiva, pode observar-se que emergiu um paradoxo deste processo decisional, o qual nem Direito, nem Saúde e nem Sistema Político descobriram uma nova forma de observação para superá-lo. De modo que, havendo um paradoxo e uma necessidade de superação ainda não atingida, é preciso uma observação de segunda ordem das decisões que estão sendo prolatadas, para que se visualize os sentidos comunicacionais que elas vem produzindo e como argumentos advindos de outros sistemas tem sido internalizados para fundamentar estas mesmas decisões. Nessa linha, o trabalho será desenvolvido com base na Teoria dos Sistemas de Niklas Luhmann e da Teoria da Autopiese de Humberto Maturana e Francisco Varela, por possibilitar uma forma diferenciada e completa de observação da sociedade e das novas improbabilidades comunicacionais. / This research supports that Law and Health are both autopoietic Social Systems and, therefore, its decisions must be limited by its code/programming. On these terms, as health is situated between several other systems, as Economy and Politics, a transdisciplinar observation is mandatory, specially when it is intended to verify if Judiciary, Law Systems central organization, is able to grant experimental medicines appeals in disadvantage on State, observing strictly its funcional code and programming, but not causing any corruption of the System nor autopoietic problems. For this, elements like complexity, risk and contingency must be developed, because they must be considered in order to decide, and on issues involving health they are highly relevant, since there is an excess of possibilities of decisions and the risks and dangers could cause death to a patient, according to the decision made or according to the way it will be operationalized. From this perspective, it is possible to observe that a paradox has emerged from this decisional process, that neither Law, nor Health and nor Political System found out a new way of observation, in order to overcome it. So, as there is a paradox and the necessity of overcoming still not reached, it is needed a second-order observation about the decisions made, what will allow to visualize the comunicational meanings they has produced and how arguments originated from other systems have been internalized in order to serve as groundwork for these same decisions. On this path, this work will be developed based on Niklas Luhmanns Theory of Systems and Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varelas Theory of Autopoiesis, as these theories make possible an observation of the society and of the new comunicational improbabilities in a more proper and complete way.

In the paper Legal Liability from the Point of View of Normativist and Democratic Law Concepts concept of liability is briefly described. Social liability and its kinds are analysed. Legal liability is distinguished like a separate kind from the social liability, featuring a unique obligatory legal definition sign. Its application is assured by the state. Kinds of legal liability analysed: positive and tortious (negative) legal liability. Basis for occurrence of legal liability are described. Dependence of the legal liability upon the legal system of a state is described in the paper. In the non-democratic states, where the laws become a tool for the rulers to give law to the masses, other kinds of social liability, e.g. moral liability, contradict with the legal liability. All kinds of the social liability, except the legal liability, feature no forced measures applicable upon the violator. It is stressed that the non-democratic legal systems fail to accept the positive legal liability. Unsuccessful efforts of the Soviet law theoreticians to introduce the concept of positive legal liability into the law science are mentioned. Tortious legal liability is a sequel and guarantee of the positive liability. Therefore it is the secondary and the positive liability is the primary (main) form of the legal liability. It becomes especially vivid in the democratic society, when its right ceases being repressive and implementation of the positive law is first of all assured by the... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariane Cintra Lemos de Moraes.pdf: 1025671 bytes, checksum: 8f816bcfbc6c32eadb60b2083685d4dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-05 / This work has its objective to analyze the programmatic norms nature and compare them with all other norms of law. This analysis will be made by a sociological observation of Niklas Luhmann s system theory and was chosen and justified because the failure of the traditional understanding of programmatic norms has failed, bringing more damage than good to law, causing more complexity and contingency, irritation and frustration to law and society comparing to others norms. Concepts as norms, constitutional norms, and juridical principles will be analyzed by Luhmannian terms as observation, difference, form, complexity, contingency, irritation and frustration. The core idea of this work is to answer to this question: comparing to other norms what is the difference between the programmatic norms and the others and what does it do to law. The answer of this question on a synthetic way is that those norms don not program anything because it s a communication as any other norms, but its difference rely upon the Constitution as peculiar program as structural coupling that units two autopoietic systems the law and politics / O presente trabalho objetiva analisar a natureza da norma programática e compará-la às demais normas do Sistema Jurídico. Esta análise será feita ante uma observação da teoria sistêmica de Niklas Luhmann. A escolha do tema justifica-se, eis que a tradicional análise da norma programática como diretriz do sistema jurídico mostra-se equivocada, e que ao contrário do que pretende, prejudica o próprio direito causando-lhe mais complexidade e contingência, mais frustações e irritações à sociedade e ao direito do que qualquer outra norma jurídica. Conceitos como norma jurídica, norma jurídica constitucional e princípio serão analizadas novamente, mas agora mediante conceitos luhmannianos como observação, diferença, forma, complexidade, contingência, expectativa, irritação e frustação. O cerne do trabalho reside na seguinte pergunta: em comparação às demais normas do direito, qual seria a peculiariedade das normas constitucionais programáticas e quais as conseqüências para o direito resultantes desta peculiaridade? Como resposta sintética a esta pergunta, o que se observa é que a norma programática não direciona coisa alguma porque é comunicação como qualquer outra comunicação jurídica, porém é diferente porque tem como programa a Constituição que é forma peculiar chamada acoplamento estrutural que une dois sistemas igualmente autopoiéticos, o sistema jurídico e o sistema política

Thesis (LLM)--Macquarie University. Division of Law. / Bibliography: leaves 192-208. / Introduction -- The perceived problems and the new reforms -- The framework for children's matters in Australia -- Families and functions - regulating the Australian family -- Reorganising the gender hierarchy -- Men's movements, misconceptions and misidentifying the real issues -- Problems with "shared parenting": an ideal or a (rebuttable) presumption? -- Mediation not litigation -- Conclusion -- Bibliography. / In this thesis, I critically appraise the latest reforms of the Australian family law system and assess the underlying philosophy of these measures. I specifically analyse the introduction of shared parenting and mandatory family dispute resolution. My starting point is that legislative changes alone cannot be used as a means of social change. Legal models cannot function correctly if they reflect an ideal rather than social reality, and in light of the current reforms, the Australian family law system risks such a fate. The system, which presumes that parents share parental responsibility upon separation (and therefore during the intact family), does not represent social truth. It appears to make an assumption that shared parenting is the societal practice, but I believe the law is really being used to impose such an ideal. If the reforms are to be successful, I argue that substantial social and economic structural change is required, in order to break down the dichotomy between men's and women's roles, which continue to define the male role as economic and public and the female responsibility as care-giving and private. This is particularly important if the Government is genuine about its aim to make parenting gender neutral in practice and not just in theory. / The thesis demonstrates that the reform measures are a response to the perceived rather than real problems identified in the family law system, and that they are largely issues raised under the influence of fathers' rights groups. The response of the Government to remedy the system is therefore flawed as it is based on misconceived notions about the family law system. It incorrectly identifies judicial discretion as a fundamental cause of the problems and tries to replace it with a more rules-based approach to determining children's matters. I suggest that the real problems can be found in the continuance of deeply entrenched customs and gendered role constructions, and the remedies lie in their overhaul. The social culture that makes the mother the primary caregiver and allocates to the father diminished parental responsibility from the time the child is born needs to be transformed. A suitable legal response to the current impasse would be to begin by educating the public about the way the system works and provide counselling to families on how to structure their united life well before they reach the breakdown point. Assisting families while they are still functional, as opposed to when they are dysfunctional, would arguably make a large difference in how the family law system is understood. Moreover, it would be able to facilitate ongoing communication for separating couples and, most importantly, thereby uphold the best interests of the child. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / 208 leaves

IN ENGLISH Author's name: Bc. Dzmitry Badzevich. School: Charles University, Prague Faculty of Humanities. U Kříže 8 150 00 Praha 5. Program: "Historical sociology". Title: BELARUS ON THE CROSSROADS OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY: HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN SOVIET BELARUS AND WESTERN BELARUS IN 1921-1939. Consultant: Doc. PhDr. Jiří Šubrt, CSc. Number of pages: 106 + attachments. Number of attachments: 3. Year: 2012. Key words: Capitalism, communism, social change, social structure, society,economy, urban and rural economy, industry, law system, government institutions, education, religion, ideology, family, every day. This thesis describes the processes of social changes inside social structure in contemporary Belarus, which has developed by different ways during the interwar years in 1921-1939. Combination of two theoretical concepts like "ideal types" (Parsons's AGIL and Sztompka's typology of the process of social change) have been defined terminology and methods of operation for analyzing and comparing. First part focuses on the history of Belarusian land before1921. The next part describes structural development of Western Belarus in Poland and Soviet Belarus in Soviet Union in the years 1921-1939. Last part has been explained the research of compares the...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Estevam Alves Pinto Serrano.pdf: 1726823 bytes, checksum: c86a9d4b27bfc0472b658e96e09f890d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-17 / The present monograph aims to formulate the description of the metropolitan region in the Brazilian constitutional system. Among the situations concerning the theme, the present work is focused on both district and state s role when creating the metropolitan region as well as what will happen to the competency, organization and administration of the area by the district and by the state, specially opposed to the fact that we are dealing with a urban sprawl. The importance of finding out the metropolitan region s legal system urges from the reflex effects of these analysis, implying the formulation of a legal definition of this institute and it is from this definition that we intend to solve the questions related to the federal union being entitled to do public services, to do activities using public proprieties, such as the production of treated water, the service of water and sewage distribution, the garbage collection and its final destination or the intermunicipal public transportation. We also intend to go through questions concerning the legislative scope, such as the competency to legislate about the ground s use and occupation, the preservation of the urban environment and the regulation of the fountainhead areas, the re-urbanization of degraded areas, industrial activities and so on. To achieve the aim of defining the metropolitan region s legal system we had to formulate the prerequisites from the auxiliary elements to the dogmatic interpretation, for instance the conformation of the State and the political power, the federative system, historical incursions about the federation and its confrontation to the comparative law, the role of the district and the state and finally get into the analyses of the metropolitan region, arguing about its creation, its competency, its administration, its relation with the conception of consortiums and conventions and, for example, who is entitle of providing basic sanitation services / O presente trabalho pretende realizar a descrição do regime jurídicoconstitucional da Região Metropolitana no direito positivo brasileiro Dentre as situações que envolvem o tema tratamos do papel do município e do estado-membro quanto à constituição da região metropolitana e como funciona e se mantêm a competência municipal e estadual na administração da região, frente a seu aspecto particular de se tratar de uma área conurbada. A necessidade de se desvendar o regime jurídico da região metropolitana surge sobre os efeitos reflexos desta análise, implicando a formulação de definição jurídica do instituto, a partir da qual se pretende possibilitar a solução de questões atinentes à titularidade no plano federativo de competências para prestação de serviços públicos, realização de atividades e utilização de bens públicos, tais como a produção de água tratada, o serviço de distribuição de água e tratamento de esgoto, a coleta e destinação final do lixo urbano e o transporte coletivo intermunicipal, passando por questões atinentes ao plano legislativo, como a competência para legislar sobre uso e ocupação do solo, preservação do meio ambiente urbano e regulação de áreas de mananciais, reurbanizações de áreas degradadas, atividade industrial etc. Para alcançar o escopo de definir o regime jurídico da Região Metropolitana tivemos de formular pressupostos a partir de elementos auxiliares à interpretação dogmática tais como a conformação do Estado e do poder político, o sistema federativo, incursões históricas sobre a federação e sua confrontação com o direito comparado, o papel do município e do estado-membro, para, finalmente, ingressar na análise da região metropolitana, discutindo a sua formação, competência, administração, sua relação com a formação de consórcios e convênios e, a título de exemplo, a titularidade dos serviços de saneamento básico