Abstract Presently, IC is an important and absolutely necessary product that the thriving electronic industry is relying on in order to continue its development, therefore, it goes without saying that it is very important. In addition, the intellectual property right possessed by the IC itself is related to the development and progress of the industry technology. Therefore, in the early period, many countries and international organizations already enacted law to protect the intellectual property right of IC. In addition, the legislature protection on the intellectual property right of the integrated circuit was originated from the ¡uProtection of Semiconductor Chip Products¡vof United States. Thereafter, through the provision of the mutual benefit terms and its strong trading strength, United States influenced various countries like Japan, Taiwan and Mainland China to enact laws consecutively for the purpose of protection. Furthermore, between international countries, due to the importance of IC and the strength of United States, there were related treaties to protect the intellectual property right of IC. Amongst these the most important treaty was the ¡uAgreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)¡vestablished by the World Trade Organization (WTO). It replaced the ¡uthe Treaty on Intellectual Property in respect of Integrated Circuits (IPIC)¡v stipulated by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and became the only international treaty with protection provision on the intellectual property right of IC. Up to this stage, the legal protection on the intellectual property right of IC has already become an international trend. Moreover, due to the long-time shut-off condition in Mainland China, only after it was re-opened again, its economy started to develop. With its own vast market and the advantage of low production cost, added with the full effort of encouragement on the development of IC industry by the Mainland China authority that stipulated many relative favorable policies, many international IC enterprises were attracted to invest in Mainland China. Of course, without exception, IC enterprise of Taiwan also went to set up factories in Mainland China. However, as Mainland China was at a shut-off condition for a long time, therefore related laws and regulations were not complete. Thereafter due to the practical pressure of international countries, Mainland China further established the ¡uIC Layout Drawing Design Protection Regulation¡v. However, as the development of the intellectual property right law was comparatively late, it resulted in failure in the performance of law execution. Therefore, it was extremely easy for the IC enterprises that went to invest in Mainland China to encounter infringement of intellectual property right and of course this also included enterprise of Taiwan, the trend of legal protection on the IC intellectual property right between United States and international countries is utilized to examine the protection structure of the intellectual property right of IC of Mainland China. The purpose is to understand when the international IC enterprise is developing in Mainland China, how it can utilize related legal protection structure to establish a set of its own intellectual property right protection system. Furthermore, suggestion on appropriate protection on the intellectual property right is presented to our IC enterprise in Mainland China so that the intellectual property right of our IC enterprise in Mainland China can obtain sufficient protection.

Making an application user-friendly is a key goal when it comes to the experience it intends to deliver. There are numerous factors that have to be taken into account when a design is developed. One of those is simplicity. The application has to be simple enough to ensure the expected user experience. This is often solved by applying instructions. To what extent does the application have to mediate instructions of functionality to the user? That question is the underlying purpose of this thesis. The thesis studies three common ways of presenting instructions to arrive at a concluding result: the use of a popup window, an added information button to the design or relying on the design to present itself. The gathered results show a need for instructions to ensure a user-friendly environment. A further analysis of the results concludes that presenting instructions using an information button is the most prominent option.

A constante evolução dos sistemas produtivos amplia a importância dada aos projetos de instalações industriais, onde os sistemas celulares possuem uma importância especial, pois tem maior tendência de utilização na atualidade pela engenharia industrial. O sistema celular adota conceitos de tecnologia de grupo, permitindo produzir pequenos lotes e ganhar vantagens econômicas semelhantes às obtidas com produção em massa, não perdendo a flexibilidade da produção por processo. Com a evolução da computação, sistemas integrados de apoio à decisão no planejamento e implantação destes projetos foram surgindo e auxiliando para se ter arranjos físicos adequados as novas exigências de produção, mas o custo de aquisição e desenvolvimento de softwares específicos ainda é bastante elevado. Este trabalho apresenta uma solução computacional para o projeto de células através do desenvolvimento de um aplicativo que traduz o resultado de um algoritmo de tecnologia de grupo em opções gráficas de diferentes concepções físicas para o layout da célula, propondo uma função integradora, associando-se uma biblioteca de modelos gráficos de máquinas-ferramenta para representar no chão-de-fábrica diferentes opções de fluxos para o layout. A interface, desenvolvida em Visual Basic, permite tanto o processamento do algoritmo para definição dos grupos de máquinas, baseado em análise de fluxo de produção, quanto a representação no sistema gráfico e interação necessária com banco de dados em padrão Microsoft Access. O modelamento é representado em ambiente gráfico do software Solid Edge, que permite a customização necessária para gerar, de modo automatizado, uma interface para o projeto de layout. Na definição das fronteiras dos agrupamentos, ou seja, na delimitação da célula, utiliza-se uma metodologia que os identifica automaticamente, sendo que na maioria dos trabalhos realizados anteriormente estes não previam rotinas automáticas, ficando geralmente a cargo do usuário esta identificação. O sistema desenvolvido tem aplicação como ferramenta no planejamento e projeto de layout, à medida que lança mão de recursos de uma plataforma gráfica comercial (CAD) para representar de modo automatizado, o resultado de algoritmos que normalmente seriam apenas informações textuais. Este trabalho complementa outras aplicações realizadas anteriormente que limitavam-se às definições de células, sem representá-las graficamente, além de possibilitar a escolha da forma de fluxo a ser assumida pela célula, representando um elemento importante para apoio à decisão a quem esteja projetando ou promovendo melhorias em um ambiente industrial. / The constant evolution of production systems increases the importance given to industrial installation projects where the cellular systems have a special importance because of their strong trend to be used today by industrial engineering. The cellular system adopt concepts of group technology making it possible to produce small batches and gain economic advantages similar to those obtained with mass production without losing flexibility in the manufacturing process. With the evolution of computing, integrated systems that give support to the decision process in planning and implementing these designs arose and helped to have physical arrangements adequate for the new production requirements, but the cost of acquiring and developing specific software is still quite high. This paper presents a computational solution for the design of cells by developing an application that translates the result of a group technology algorithm into graphical options of different physical concepts for cell layout, proposing an integrative function, associating a library of machine-tool graphical models to represent on the plant floor different flow options for the layout. The interface is developed in Visual Basic and allows both the processing of the algorithm for defining groups of machines based on production flow analysis as well as a representation on the graphic system and interaction necessary with the database in a Microsoft Access standard. The modeling is represented in a graphical environment using Solid Edge software, which allows the customization needed to generate, in an automated manner, an interface for the layout design. When defining the boundaries of the clusters or limiting the cell, a methodology is used that automatically identifies them, and in most of the designs done previously they did not plan for automatic routines and often this identification became the responsibility of the user. The system developed has an application as an important tool in planning and designing the layout as it makes use of resources of a commercial graphics platform (CAD) to represent automatically the result of algorithms that would normally be just textual information. This paper complements other applications made before that were limited to the definitions of cells without representing them graphically, and makes it possible to choose the form of flow to be assumed by the cell, representing an important element in the decision making process for those who are designing or promoting improvements in an industrial environment.

A constante evolução dos sistemas produtivos amplia a importância dada aos projetos de instalações industriais, onde os sistemas celulares possuem uma importância especial, pois tem maior tendência de utilização na atualidade pela engenharia industrial. O sistema celular adota conceitos de tecnologia de grupo, permitindo produzir pequenos lotes e ganhar vantagens econômicas semelhantes às obtidas com produção em massa, não perdendo a flexibilidade da produção por processo. Com a evolução da computação, sistemas integrados de apoio à decisão no planejamento e implantação destes projetos foram surgindo e auxiliando para se ter arranjos físicos adequados as novas exigências de produção, mas o custo de aquisição e desenvolvimento de softwares específicos ainda é bastante elevado. Este trabalho apresenta uma solução computacional para o projeto de células através do desenvolvimento de um aplicativo que traduz o resultado de um algoritmo de tecnologia de grupo em opções gráficas de diferentes concepções físicas para o layout da célula, propondo uma função integradora, associando-se uma biblioteca de modelos gráficos de máquinas-ferramenta para representar no chão-de-fábrica diferentes opções de fluxos para o layout. A interface, desenvolvida em Visual Basic, permite tanto o processamento do algoritmo para definição dos grupos de máquinas, baseado em análise de fluxo de produção, quanto a representação no sistema gráfico e interação necessária com banco de dados em padrão Microsoft Access. O modelamento é representado em ambiente gráfico do software Solid Edge, que permite a customização necessária para gerar, de modo automatizado, uma interface para o projeto de layout. Na definição das fronteiras dos agrupamentos, ou seja, na delimitação da célula, utiliza-se uma metodologia que os identifica automaticamente, sendo que na maioria dos trabalhos realizados anteriormente estes não previam rotinas automáticas, ficando geralmente a cargo do usuário esta identificação. O sistema desenvolvido tem aplicação como ferramenta no planejamento e projeto de layout, à medida que lança mão de recursos de uma plataforma gráfica comercial (CAD) para representar de modo automatizado, o resultado de algoritmos que normalmente seriam apenas informações textuais. Este trabalho complementa outras aplicações realizadas anteriormente que limitavam-se às definições de células, sem representá-las graficamente, além de possibilitar a escolha da forma de fluxo a ser assumida pela célula, representando um elemento importante para apoio à decisão a quem esteja projetando ou promovendo melhorias em um ambiente industrial. / The constant evolution of production systems increases the importance given to industrial installation projects where the cellular systems have a special importance because of their strong trend to be used today by industrial engineering. The cellular system adopt concepts of group technology making it possible to produce small batches and gain economic advantages similar to those obtained with mass production without losing flexibility in the manufacturing process. With the evolution of computing, integrated systems that give support to the decision process in planning and implementing these designs arose and helped to have physical arrangements adequate for the new production requirements, but the cost of acquiring and developing specific software is still quite high. This paper presents a computational solution for the design of cells by developing an application that translates the result of a group technology algorithm into graphical options of different physical concepts for cell layout, proposing an integrative function, associating a library of machine-tool graphical models to represent on the plant floor different flow options for the layout. The interface is developed in Visual Basic and allows both the processing of the algorithm for defining groups of machines based on production flow analysis as well as a representation on the graphic system and interaction necessary with the database in a Microsoft Access standard. The modeling is represented in a graphical environment using Solid Edge software, which allows the customization needed to generate, in an automated manner, an interface for the layout design. When defining the boundaries of the clusters or limiting the cell, a methodology is used that automatically identifies them, and in most of the designs done previously they did not plan for automatic routines and often this identification became the responsibility of the user. The system developed has an application as an important tool in planning and designing the layout as it makes use of resources of a commercial graphics platform (CAD) to represent automatically the result of algorithms that would normally be just textual information. This paper complements other applications made before that were limited to the definitions of cells without representing them graphically, and makes it possible to choose the form of flow to be assumed by the cell, representing an important element in the decision making process for those who are designing or promoting improvements in an industrial environment.

A constante evolução dos sistemas produtivos amplia a importância dada aos projetos de instalações industriais, onde os sistemas celulares possuem uma importância especial, pois tem maior tendência de utilização na atualidade pela engenharia industrial. O sistema celular adota conceitos de tecnologia de grupo, permitindo produzir pequenos lotes e ganhar vantagens econômicas semelhantes às obtidas com produção em massa, não perdendo a flexibilidade da produção por processo. Com a evolução da computação, sistemas integrados de apoio à decisão no planejamento e implantação destes projetos foram surgindo e auxiliando para se ter arranjos físicos adequados as novas exigências de produção, mas o custo de aquisição e desenvolvimento de softwares específicos ainda é bastante elevado. Este trabalho apresenta uma solução computacional para o projeto de células através do desenvolvimento de um aplicativo que traduz o resultado de um algoritmo de tecnologia de grupo em opções gráficas de diferentes concepções físicas para o layout da célula, propondo uma função integradora, associando-se uma biblioteca de modelos gráficos de máquinas-ferramenta para representar no chão-de-fábrica diferentes opções de fluxos para o layout. A interface, desenvolvida em Visual Basic, permite tanto o processamento do algoritmo para definição dos grupos de máquinas, baseado em análise de fluxo de produção, quanto a representação no sistema gráfico e interação necessária com banco de dados em padrão Microsoft Access. O modelamento é representado em ambiente gráfico do software Solid Edge, que permite a customização necessária para gerar, de modo automatizado, uma interface para o projeto de layout. Na definição das fronteiras dos agrupamentos, ou seja, na delimitação da célula, utiliza-se uma metodologia que os identifica automaticamente, sendo que na maioria dos trabalhos realizados anteriormente estes não previam rotinas automáticas, ficando geralmente a cargo do usuário esta identificação. O sistema desenvolvido tem aplicação como ferramenta no planejamento e projeto de layout, à medida que lança mão de recursos de uma plataforma gráfica comercial (CAD) para representar de modo automatizado, o resultado de algoritmos que normalmente seriam apenas informações textuais. Este trabalho complementa outras aplicações realizadas anteriormente que limitavam-se às definições de células, sem representá-las graficamente, além de possibilitar a escolha da forma de fluxo a ser assumida pela célula, representando um elemento importante para apoio à decisão a quem esteja projetando ou promovendo melhorias em um ambiente industrial. / The constant evolution of production systems increases the importance given to industrial installation projects where the cellular systems have a special importance because of their strong trend to be used today by industrial engineering. The cellular system adopt concepts of group technology making it possible to produce small batches and gain economic advantages similar to those obtained with mass production without losing flexibility in the manufacturing process. With the evolution of computing, integrated systems that give support to the decision process in planning and implementing these designs arose and helped to have physical arrangements adequate for the new production requirements, but the cost of acquiring and developing specific software is still quite high. This paper presents a computational solution for the design of cells by developing an application that translates the result of a group technology algorithm into graphical options of different physical concepts for cell layout, proposing an integrative function, associating a library of machine-tool graphical models to represent on the plant floor different flow options for the layout. The interface is developed in Visual Basic and allows both the processing of the algorithm for defining groups of machines based on production flow analysis as well as a representation on the graphic system and interaction necessary with the database in a Microsoft Access standard. The modeling is represented in a graphical environment using Solid Edge software, which allows the customization needed to generate, in an automated manner, an interface for the layout design. When defining the boundaries of the clusters or limiting the cell, a methodology is used that automatically identifies them, and in most of the designs done previously they did not plan for automatic routines and often this identification became the responsibility of the user. The system developed has an application as an important tool in planning and designing the layout as it makes use of resources of a commercial graphics platform (CAD) to represent automatically the result of algorithms that would normally be just textual information. This paper complements other applications made before that were limited to the definitions of cells without representing them graphically, and makes it possible to choose the form of flow to be assumed by the cell, representing an important element in the decision making process for those who are designing or promoting improvements in an industrial environment.

No description available.

Maxidoor AB är i en expanderingsfas och flera nya projekt har påbörjats, där ett av projekten är att designa en ny produktionslina för en ny produkt. Produkten som utvecklats är en branddörr som följer en ny standard och kräver en annan tillverkningsprocess än den som finns på företaget idag. Projektet som redovisas i rapporten handlar om att designa en produktionslina där målet är att linan ska ha kapacitet att tillverka 20 dörrar/skift. Utmaningar för att nå målet är att ytan som linan ska anläggas på är begränsad och då det är en ny produkt/produktionslina som utvecklats har inget nuläge funnits att utgå ifrån. Som hjälp för att ta fram en ny produktionslina har Bengt Andreassons steg för steg lista använts, där flera förslag på layouter genererats samt viktats utifrån att minska lean slöserier. Relevant teori såsom lean och produktionsteknik har samlats in och applicerats på det bästa förslaget för att skapa en effektiv process som har potential att nå målet. För att få fram vilka arbetsmoment och dess kapacitet produktionslinan behöver har intervjuer och en analys av ett tidigare examensarbete genomförts. Resultatet av projektet är en layout som minimerar lean slöserier där produktions- och materialflödet har definierats. Till arbetsmomenten har en metodstandard utvecklats med en kompletterande arbetsbeskrivning för att försöka säkerställa att kvalitet byggs in i processen. Material kommer beställas på order och genom ett kanbansystem. / Maxidoor AB is in an expansion phase and several new projects have been started, one of which is to design a new production line for a new product. The product that has been developed is a fire door that follows a new standard and requires a different manufacturing process than the one that the company has today. The project presented in the report is about designing a production line where the goal is for the line to have the capacity to manufacture 20 doors / shifts. Challenges to reach the goal are that the area on which the production line is to be built on is limited and since it is a new product / production line that has been developed, no current situation has been found to be based on. To help develop a new production line, Bengt Andreasson's step by step list has been used, where several suggestions for layouts have been generated and weighted based on reducing lean waste. Relevant theory such as lean and production technology has been collected and applied to the best proposal to create an efficient process that has the potential to reach the goal. In order to find out what work steps and their capacity the production line needs, interviews and an analysis of a previous degree project have been carried out. The result of the project is a layout that minimizes lean wastes where the production and material flow has been defined. For the work steps, a method standard has been developed with a supplementary job description to try to ensure that quality is built into the process. Materials will be ordered on order and through a kanban system.

No description available.

In an increasingly competitive market, it is important for companies with distribution centers to have efficient processes limiting non-value adding time as much as possible while still being able to deliver what the customer expects. The purpose of the thesis was to investigate the operating processes at the distribution center at Volvo – Eskilstuna. It services the Scandinavian market with multiple departures per day, supplying directly to end customers and retailers. The goal was to increase the efficiency of the distribution center and increase consolidation of multiple parts ordered by the same customer. Currently, multiple packages get delivered to the same customer who has ordered parts the same day. While investigating this inefficiency, we monitored orders through it registering in the system, assignment to picking lists to be picked by operators, packaging and sorting. There were constraints associated with the layout, IT system and traffic safety laws without compromising on delivery efficiency, quality, implementation costs, and organizational regulations. Observations were carried out on the job floor, interviews were conducted with the management or better: with managers / management team, and an independent analysis was conducted of the historical data collected from the warehouse management system. The main results suggest rearranging the inventory according to consumption frequency classification (Paretto principle). Additional results suggest implementing slotting and postpone packaging to consolidate higher order percentage. Multiple strategies have been put forth which need trials to test the implications. / I en ökad konkurrenskraftig marknad är det viktigt för företag med distributionscenter att få effektivare processer och minimera icke värdeskapande aktiviteter. Detta är nödvändigt för att möta kundernas förväntningar och leverera det som kunderna begär. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur processerna fungerade på Volvos distributioncentret i Eskilstuna. Volvo levererar reservdelar till hela den skandinaviska marknaden och har flertal leveranser som lämnar distributioncentret dagligen. Målet var att öka effektiviteten i distributionscentret och möjliggöra konsolideringen när en kund beställt flera varor så att de kommer i samma paket. För närvarande levereras de olika varor i separata paket istället för att komma i en och samma. För att undersöka detta fenomen så samlades data in genom det som registrerades i systemet. Det fanns begränsningar i samband med lagstiftningen, IT-systemet och trafiksäkerhetslagar samt att lösningarna inte skulle kompromissa med leveranseffektivitet, kvalitet, implementeringskostnader och organisatoriska föreskrifter. Observationer genomfördes på arbetsplatsen, intervjuer genomfördes med ledningsgruppen eller relevanta chefer och en oberoende analys genomfördes av de historiska data som samlats in från lagerhanteringssystemet. De viktigaste resultaten föreslår att reservdelar bör förvaras efter Paretto principen som har med konsumtion frekvensen att göra. Ytterligare resultat föreslår att man ändrar på hur varor paketeras samt skjuter upp förpackningar för att konsolidera högre orderprocent.

Nas últimas quatro décadas, métodos e algoritmos para análise e formação de arranjos físicos de máquinas, equipamentos, departamentos e serviços auxiliares vêm sendo desenvolvidos para reduzir o fluxo de materiais e o deslocamento de pessoal entre eles, objetivando diminuir custos e aumentar a eficiência do sistema produtivo. Diversos autores têm proposto algoritmos e ferramentas computacionais para aumentar a produtividade do projetista de arranjo físico, mas todos focam em um determinado conjunto de algoritmos, método, ou tipo de arranjo físico. Neste contexto, este trabalho de pesquisa buscou desenvolver um software que atue em um escopo mais amplo que o dessas ferramentas computacionais. A partir de uma estrutura baseada em um framework de aplicação orientado a objeto, o software proposto é capaz de suportar a introdução de novos métodos, algoritmos e ferramentas gráficas para análise e formação dos diversos tipos de arranjos físicos existentes, à medida que estes forem necessários, sem sofrer modificações ou gerar alterações significativas em seu código fonte. Isso permite ao desenvolvedor adaptar facilmente o software proposto às necessidades de um projeto de arranjo físico / In the last four decades, methods and algorithms have been developed to analyse and arrange the layout of machines, equipments, departments, and auxiliary services in order to minimize the movement of people and material flow. It is normally made to reduce costs and improve the production system efficiency. Several authors have proposed computational algorithms and tools to increase productivity of the layout designer, but all of them focus on a limited set of algorithms or methods, or on a particular layout type. In this research work, a computer program with a broader scope than current computational tools has been developed. By adopting a structure based on an object-oriented application framework, the proposed software supports the addition of new methods, algorithms, and graphical tools, which can be applied, as required, on several different layout design types without significant structural or source code changes. It enables the developer to adapt the proposed software for new layout design requirements easily