Logistics is a talked about but also difficult to define concept as this concept has several different interpretations. Actually, logistics is primarily about more efficient material flows, which in turn should create more efficient work processes in production. In literature research, knowledge has been sought about efficient logistics and lean, which in turn led to investigating the various areas and factors that lead to waste. Logistics within the construction industry, and not least production, is today an area that is well debated and is one of the more important aspects to achieve more efficient production. Based on the knowledge gathered, a measurement tool has since been developed which is intended to be used within construction production to measure the actual efficiency of logistics. This means that the tool can, if desired, be used in more projects than those processed and treated in this scientific report. This scientific report will answer the following questions: 1. What shortcomings are found in logistics in the construction industry 2. Are there one or more widespread deficiencies? 3. Develop a measurement tool that should be able to measure the efficiency of logistics in projects within construction production. The result shows that with well-planned logistics, more efficient logistics can be achieved and thus profit can be achieved in the form of both time and money. This scientific report will provide an insight into the field of logistics during construction production. Furthermore, the work will highlight the shortcomings that appear in the efficiency of logistics within the investigated projects and give suggestions on how this can be remedied.

The Focus of this mixed method research was the implementation of lean six sigma principles to improve productivity of outpatients’ programs where each case requires multiple scheduling, multiple visits to patients’ homes and multiple visits to the health department. The site is the Peoria City/County Health Department (PCCHD). The PCCHD is the delegate agency for Illinois Department of Public Health Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (EH). They are also a recipient of the Federal Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control (LHC) program from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). In line with their mission, they sought opportunities to review and streamline their lead abatement programs to improve productivity and effectiveness of service value offered to their recipients. This research analyzed the current state of lead abatement efforts in Peoria County and used lean six sigma methodologies to identify quantifiable opportunities to improve the effectiveness of PCCHD’s lead abatement efforts. Results show that through the use of lean six sigma methods, the lead time of the PCCHD lead abatement program Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was reduced by 30%. Secondly opportunities to eliminate duplication and omission of activities between lead abatement programs were identified and recommended. This research confirms that lean six sigma methods can also be applied successfully to more complex programs such as the lead abatement programs that require multiple scheduling, multiple visits to patients’ homes and multiple visits to the health department

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Inom byggbranschen blir det allt vanligare att företag använder sig av BIM. Det förekommerdock inte lika frekvent hos de mindre företagen. Att implementera BIM i sitt arbetssätt för attkonkurrera med de större byggföretagen blir alltså allt mer viktigt. Detta examensarbete är tänktatt fungera som ett hjälpmedel åt ett medelstort byggentreprenörföretag som funderar på attbörja använda BIM. Studien har undersökt fördelarna som BIM ger ett byggprojekt. Parallelltmed arbetet gjordes en fallstudie av BOMABs medverkan i projektet Hyllievångskolan där de,för första gången, använde sig av BIM. Med resultatet som vi fick fram gavs det synpunkter påutvecklingsmöjligheter. Lean har även använts för att påvisa nyttan som BIM har på ettbyggprojekt. En matris som åskådliggör teoretiska likheter mellan BIM och Lean visarBOMABs implementeringsgrad för hur väl de har använt sig av BIM och Lean i projektet.Resultatet från denna matris visar att det finns många områden som kan förbättras. Utöver dettagjordes även en tabell för de hypotetiskt insparade kostnaderna som BOMAB gettbyggprojektet då de använt sig av BIM. I denna tabell blir fördelen av BIM på så sätt merkonkret. Uppskattningsvis sparades ca 400 000 kr in under de tre månader som vi följdeprojektet under produktionen. Utifrån våra resultat kan vi konstatera att BIM, med Lean ibeaktning, är en lönsam strategi. / In the construction industry, it is increasingly common for companies to use BIM. However, itis not as frequent in smaller companies. Implementing BIM in approach to compete with thelarger construction companies thus becomes more and more important. This thesis is meant toserve as an aid when a medium-sized enterprise is thinking about implementing BIM. The studyexamines the benefits that BIM provides a construction project. Alongside this thesis has a casestudy been made in Byggnadsfirman Otto Magnusson’s involvement in the projectHyllievångskolan where they, for the first time, used BIM. With the result that we got we gaverecommendations for development. Lean was also used to demonstrate the benefits that BIMhad on the building project. A matrix illustrating theoretical similarities between BIM and Leanshows Otto Magnusson's implementation ratio for how well they have used BIM and Lean inthe project. The result of this matrix shows that there are many areas that can be improved. Atable for the hypothetical savings that Otto gave the project when they used BIM was also made.In this way the benefits of BIM get more tangible. In total, about 400 000 SEK was saved withthe use of BIM during the three months that we followed the project. Based on our results wecan conclude that BIM, with Lean in consideration, is a profitable strategy.

Alla företag har avfall och steg i processen som inte tillför värde till slutprodukten. För att säkra sin plats på marknaden gäller det att arbeta med detta eftersom det minskar produktionskostnaderna. Lean är en verksamhetsstrategi som fokuserar på flödeseffektivitet framför resurseffektivitet, den fokuserar på att minska avfallet och icke värdegivande steg. I denna studie undersöks två tryckerier som implementerat delar av Lean i sina flöden för att optimeras dessa. Det med syftet att undersöka hur det fungerar med Lean inom tryckbranschen och hur deras arbetssätt stämmer överens med den litteraturen som finns. Studie utgår från kvalitativa metoder med intervju som insamling av empiri. Ingen av de undersökta tryckerierna hade implementerat Lean som en genomgående verksamhetsstrategi utan endast implementerat delar av dem i sina produktionsflödeflöden. De hade främst lagt fokus på ständiga förbättringar och förebyggande av flaskhalsar. Det saknades stöd från ledningen vilket gjorde att Lean inte kunde implementeras i sin helhet på företagen. / All companies have waste and process steps that do not add value to the final product. to secure its place in the market it is important to work with this because it reduces production costs. Lean is a strategy that focus on the effective of the flow insted of effective of the resource. In this essay two printing industry has been analyse that has implementing some parts of the Lean strategy to increase the work flow. The idea has been to examine how Lean as a strategy works in the printing industry and if they way they are working is similar to the literature. The studied basis from qualitative methods and interview has been the main way to selected empiricism. None of the invested printing industry hade implementing Lean as a constant strategy, just some parts of the Lean strategy had been implementing in the work flow. The main course had been to work with continues improvements and to prevent bottleneck in the flow. There was no support from the directorship so Lean could not be implementing as a strategy in the company.

This research presents results from a multi-site field study of 51 Kaizen event teams in six manufacturing organizations. Although Kaizen events have been growing in popularity since the mid 1990s, to date, there has been no systematic empirical research on the determinants of Kaizen event effectiveness. To address this need, a theory-driven model of event effectiveness is developed, drawn from extant Kaizen event practitioner articles and related literature on projects and teams. This model relates Kaizen event outcomes to hypothesized key input factors and hypothesized key process factors. In addition, process factors are hypothesized to partially mediate the relationship between input factors and outcomes. Following sociotechnical systems (STS) theory, both technical and social (human resource) aspects of Kaizen event performance are measured. Relationships between outcomes, process factors and input factors are analyzed through regression, using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for potential correlation in residuals within organizations. The research found a significant positive correlation between the two social system outcomes (attitude toward Kaizen events and employee gains in problem-solving knowledge, skills and attitudes). In addition, the research found significant positive correlations between the social system outcomes and one technical system outcome (team member perceptions of the impact of the Kaizen event on the target work area). However, none of the three technical system outcomes (employee perceptions of event impact, facilitator ratings of event success and actual percentage of team goals achieved) were significantly correlated. In addition, the research found that each outcome variable had a unique set of input and process predictors. However, management support and goal difficulty were a common predictors of three out of five outcomes. Unexpected findings include negative relationships between functional diversity, team and team leader Kaizen event experience, and action orientation and one or more outcomes. However, many of the findings confirmed recommendations in Kaizen event practitioner articles and the project and team literature. Furthermore, support for the mediation hypothesis was found for most outcome measures. These findings will be useful both for informing Kaizen event design in practicing organizations and for informing future Kaizen event research. / Ph. D.

Modern gas turbine combustors implement lean premixed (LPM) combustion system to reduce the formation of NOx pollutants. LPM technology has advanced to have the ability to produce extremely low level of NOx emissions. The current focus of research on LPM is focused on reducing the NOx emission to much smaller scales, which is mandated because of the stricter regulations and environmental concerns. However, LPM combustors are susceptible to lean blowout (LBO), and other corresponding instabilities as the combustor is operated lean. Therefore, it is essential to understand the LBO limits and dynamics of flow in lean operating conditions. One of the other primary parameters for the improved combustion chamber designs is an accurate characterization of the heat loads on the liner walls in the wide range of operating conditions. Currently, there are very limited studies on the flame side heat transfer in reacting conditions. Current gas turbine combustion technology primarily focuses on burning natural gas as the gas fuel option for industrial systems. However, interest in utilizing additional options due to environmental regulations as well as concerns about energy security have motivated interest in using fuel gases that have blends of Methane, Propane, H2, CO, CO2, and N2. For example, fuel blends of 35%/60% to 55%/35% of CH4/CO2 are typically seen in Landfill gases. Syngas fuels are typically composed primarily of H2, CO, and N2. Gases from anaerobic digestion of sewage, used commonly in wastewater treatment plants, usually have 65–75% CH4 with the balance being N2. The objective of this study is to understand the LBO limits and the effects of the instabilities that arise (called near blowout oscillations) as the combustor is operated lean. Near blowout oscillations arise as the equivalence ratio is reduced. These oscillations are characterized by continuous blowout and re-ignition events happening at low frequencies. The low-frequency oscillations have very high-pressure amplitude and can potentially damage the liner wall. The impact of the near blowout oscillations on the flow field and heat transfer on the liner walls are studied. To accomplish this, the experiments were conducted at Advanced Propulsion and Power laboratory located at Virginia Tech. A lean premixed, swirl stabilized fuel nozzle designed with central pilot hub was used for the study. Additionally, this work also studies the lean blowout limits with fuel blends of CH4-C3H8, CH4-CO2, and CH4-N2 and also their effect on the stability limits as the pilot fuel percentage was changed. Flow field during near blowout oscillations was studied using planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) and flame shapes and locations during these oscillations was studied by using high-speed imaging of the flame. A statistical tool called proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was utilized to post-process the PIV data and high-speed imaging data. Heat transfer on the liner walls was studied using a transient IR thermography methodology. The heat transfer on the liner wall during the near blowout instabilities was resolved. LBO limits and near blowout oscillations were characterized by studying the pressure measurements in the primary combustor region. Fluctuating heat loads on the liner walls with the same frequency as that of near blowout instabilities was observed. The magnitude of fluctuation was found to be very high. Phase sorted POD reconstructed flame images demonstrated the location of the flame during near blowout oscillations. Thus, blowout and re-ignition events are resolved from the high-speed flame images. POD reconstructed flow field from the PIV data demonstrated the statistically significant flow structures during near blowout oscillations. A hypothesis for the mechanism of near blowout oscillations was explained based on the measurements and observations made. Lean Blowout limits (LBO) changed when the percentage of pilot and air flow rates was changed. As the pilot percentage increased, LBO limits improved. Results on the study of fuel mixtures demonstrate that the addition of propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide has minimal effect on when the flame becomes unstable in lean operating conditions. However, on the other hand, the addition of diluent gas showed a potential blowout at higher operating conditions. It was also observed that Wobbe index might not be a good representation for fuels to study the fuel interchangeability in lean operating conditions. / Ph. D.

No / ‘Lean’ is an operations management initiative that has received significant attention from both practitioners and scholars within service environments (Panchak 2003, de Souza 2009, Mazzocato et al. 2010, Burgess and Radnor 2012, Vegting et al. 2012, Toussaint and Berry 2013, Bhat and Jnanesh 2014). The application of Lean processes is alluring for healthcare managers globally because of the promise of combining cost reductions with outstanding standards of health service to patients.