Thesis (doctoral)--Universität München.

Thesis (doctoral)--Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Göttingen.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Erlangen. / Bibliography: p. vii-ix.

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Where individuals standing outside of the corporation have been harmed by the acts of one of its directors or officers, the question becomes whether they have only a claim against the corporation or whether they may have also a personal claim against the executive inflicting the harm on them. / The issue of how far it should be possible to hold directors and officers personally liable for tort has been a contested one and even courts within one and the same jurisdiction provide different solutions. On the one hand, there is the general basic principle that individuals causing harm to others should be held responsible. On the other hand, the fact that directors and officers act as agents on behalf of the corporation might call for an exception to this basic tort law principle. / This thesis will compare the solutions proposed by Common law (with focus on the law of Ontario) and German law as an example of a Civil law jurisdiction. An attempt will be made to see in how far the proposed solutions are consistent with legal principles like the separate legal entity of the corporation and the concept of limited liability as well as with arguments related to economic efficiency.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Freiburg.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of British Columbia (Canada), 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Göttingen Universität, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Criminal liability of Corporations Abstract Criminal liability of corporations is still a current topic of Czech legal theory and practice. In order to properly grasp this new institute within the Czech legal system, it is necessary to understand the very nature and basics of legal entities, their formation and further existence. Historically, legal entities have been perceived differently and a relatively complex legal-philosophical path has led to the inference of any liability for wrongdoings or torts. Although the criminal liability of corporations is not unknown to continental law, its decline during the 18th and 19th centuries has led to the disappearance of the legal continuity. That is why it may seem today that the introduction of direct criminal liability of corporations is something completely new and absolutely unknown to countries of continental legal tradition. In this work, the author presents a number of historical arguments as to why this is not the case and demonstrates that this institute was known throughout the legal systems throughout Europe. For a better understanding of the whole issue, the interpretation is guided from the very philosophical and legal-historical foundations of corporate theories, through their later development and finally to application by recent law. The core of...