Performances of multimedia works are hampered by the difficulty of controlling large numbers of incandescent lamps rapidly and accurately. The instrument described in this document is aimed at alleviating this problem. Chapter I describes the design and operation of the voltage-controlled dimmer unit and the DC controller. Chapter II describes step-by-step procedures for building the instrument. Schematics, wiring diagrams, and illustrative photographs are included. Chapter III discusses some of the aesthetics and philosophy of multimedia composition, and then describes various scenarios which utilize the instrument. Included are the connection of peripheral control equipment, audio/Video interfacing, and the potential for constructing prepared tapes which will automatically drive the dimmers. The prototype was built at the NTSU Electronic Music Center.

Rendering of natural scenes has interested the scientific community for a long time due to its numerous applications. The targeted goal is to create images that are similar to what a viewer can see in real life with his/her eyes. The main obstacle is complexity: nature scenes from real life contain a huge number of small details that are hard to model, take a lot of time to render and require a huge amount of memory unavailable in current computers. This complexity mainly comes from geometry and lighting. The goal of our research is to overcome this complexity and to achieve real-time rendering of nature scenes while providing visually convincing dynamic global illumination. Our work focuses on grass and trees as they are commonly visible in everyday life. We handle geometry and lighting complexities for grass to render millions of grass blades interactively with dynamic lighting. As for lighting complexity, we address real-time rendering of trees by proposing a lighting model that handles indirect lighting. Our work makes extensive use of the current generation of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to meet the real-time requirement and to leave the CPU free to carry out other tasks.

Ljus har möjligheten att förstärka, levandegöra och skapa karaktär på en plats. I ett flertal studier har det visats att ljus påverkar hur människan upplever känslor och atmosfär i både interiöra och exteriöra sammanhang. Utöver denna möjlighet som ljuset erbjuder riskerar byggnader och platser att bli överbelysta och förvrängda i sitt uttryck med dåligt planerad ljussättning. I miljöer med historiskt värde blir belysningsfrågan mer komplex på grund av avvägningen mellan att vårda de historiska värdena och att tillgodose dagens funktionella krav. Nya byggnadsverk planeras och byggs tätt anslutande till miljöer med kulturhistoriska värden och problematiken förstärks av att det i nuläget inte finns några lagar, standarder eller riktlinjer för belysning i sådana miljöer. I studien som genomförts undersöktes ljusdesigners och antikvariers perspektiv på belysning i moderna stadsområden och kulturmiljöer. Fallstudien utfördes genom observationer av Tändsticksområdet i Jönköping kombinerat med intervjuer. Intervjupersoner med ämneskunskap eller yrkeskategorier som ansetts vara relevanta till ämnet rekryterades. Observationer utfördes på plats av författarna för att skapa förståelse över områdets uppbyggnad och dess belysning. Rapporten presenterar resultaten av observationerna i Tändsticksområdet och intervjuerna. Observationerna utfördes enligt Percifal, Serial Vision samt Lynch stadsbildsanalys. Den generella upplevelsen av området ändrades dag- och kvällstid. Belysningsprinciperna och ljussättningen skiljde sig åt mellan områdena och en tydlig, fysisk gräns kunde identifieras i ljuset. Resultatet av intervjuerna gav en förståelse kring belysning från ett antikvariskt perspektiv. Ljussättning diskuteras inte aktivt av antikvarier men en medvetenhet kring ljusets effekter finns om frågan lyfts av externa parter. Historiserande formspråk på armaturer som harmonierar med den tänkta miljön kan rekommen-deras framför en exakt korrekt historisk armatur. Det framkom i intervjuerna att samverkan mellan ljusdesigners och antikvarier är önskvärt men inget som är frekvent återkommande i respektives dagliga arbete. Studien har begränsats av tidsramen och resultatens generaliserbarhet och tillämplighet diskuteras i rapporten. Semistrukturerade intervjuer gav möjlighet till fördjupning i vissa ämnen medan observationerna utfördes med hjälp av beprövade metoder. Författarna anser att fler studier behöver utföras i områden med kulturhistoriska värden kopplat till belysning för att bättre förstå hur ljus påverkar kulturmiljöer. / Light has the ability to enhance and create character in a place. In several studies, it has been shown that light affects how people experience emotions and atmosphere in both interior and exterior contexts. In addition to this opportunity that light offers, buildings and places run the risk of being overexposed and distorted in their expression with poorly planned lighting. In environments with historical value, lighting becomes more complex due to the tradeoff between preserving the historical values and meeting today's functional requirements. New buildings are planned and built closely connected to environments with cultural and historical values and the problem is reinforced by the fact that there are currently no laws, standards, or guidelines for lighting in such environments. In the present study, lighting designers' and antiquarian's perspectives on lighting in modern urban areas and cultural environments were investigated. The case study was carried out through observations of Tändsticksområdet in Jönköping combined with interviews. Interviewees with subject knowledge or professional categories considered to be relevant to the study were recruited. Observations were carried out on site by the authors to create an understanding of the area's structure and its lighting. The report presents the results of the observations in Tändsticksområdet and the interviews. The observations were carried out according to Percifal, Serial Vision and Lynch cityscape analysis. The general experience of the area changed during the day and evening. The lighting principles and lighting differed between the areas and a clear, physical boundary could be identified in the light. The results of the interviews provided an understanding of lighting from an antiquarian perspective. Lighting is not actively discussed by antiquarians, but there is an awareness of the effects of light if the issue is raised by external parties. Historical design language for luminaires that harmonize with the intended environment can be recommended over a precisely correct historic luminaire. It appeared in the interviews that collaboration between lighting designers and antiquarians is desirable, but not something that is frequently recurring in the respective daily work. The study has been limited by the time frame and the generalizability and applicability of the results are discussed in the report. Semistructured interviews provided the opportunity for indepth study of certain topics, while the observations were carried out using proven methods. The authors believe that more studies need to be carried out in areas with cultural historical values linked to lighting to better understand how light affects cultural environments.

A substantial part of our lives is spent in offices where lighting is affecting our well-being and health, even if we are not aware of that. Offices are most commonly illuminated by high intensity ceiling lights or suspended linear luminaries which emit uniform light over our heads and cause glare. In this thesis, I question this practice from perspectives of visual ergonomics and well-being and suggest a biophilic approach to lighting. Biophilic design strategies can guide us in a direction of creating comfortable visual environment and improving our well-being along with boosting work performance and creativity. This thesis explores ways to incorporate biophilic lighting design into workspaces that lack views to nature on a case study of an open office in Stockholm, Sweden. Results of this study support the existing knowledge that downlights cause glare and should not be used above desks where people sit for prolonged period of time. I propose conceptual design solutions for indirect ambient lighting and indirect task lighting which are glare free and tuneable in terms of light intensity and correlated colour temperature. Other suggested biophilic lighting solutions include dappled light and water reflection effects, as well as interactive dynamic digital lighting depicting water movements.

The research aims to explore the effective utilization of drone technology for visually narrating a story. By analyzing lighting techniques and design strategies, insights will be provided into lighting practices that address the current energy and climate crisis. Emphasis will be placed on sustainable lighting practices that seek to minimize energy consumption while maximizing visual impact. The proposed lighting design at Jatayu Earth Center (JEC) aligns with sustainable development goals, promoting sustainable tourism, job opportunities, and local culture. A combination of drone technology and solar-chargeable batteries addresses the need for affordable, reliable, and modern energy access. This research contributes to the discourse on sustainable approaches to illuminating heritage architecture, exploring the intersection of art, heritage, and responsible energy practices. The successful implementation and marketing of the lighting design at JEC can have a significant impact on the Indian tourism industry, serving as inspiration for similar eco-tourism projects in the region and stimulating the local economy.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been developing rapidly and is currently being used in many industries, including design and architecture. Lighting design is one of these industries where AI can be a valuable tool for developing concepts and designs. This study focuses on the available AI platforms that can be used for the conceptualization of lighting designs and explores the role that AI can play in the design process of a lighting designer. To evaluate this, ChatGPT was trained to provide image generation prompts which can be used in Midjourney to achieve lighting design concepts as an image. This image was then evaluated and modelled in 3D using DIALux to achieve quantitative parameters, such as illuminance levels, uniformity, unified glare ratings, and other standards mentioned in the EN 12464-1:2021. In conclusion, although the AI-generated design may appear traditional and outdated, the study highlights that AI can be a valuable tool for conceptualizing lighting designs and can serve as a source of inspiration for designers. However, it is important to note that significant groundwork is still required from the designer. The research further investigates the various capabilities and limitations of AI in the context of lighting design, aiming to identify its true potential in the field.

Approximately 300 years ago, French astronomer, Jean Jacques became the first individual to scientifically observe circadian rhythm. Since then, a great deal of study has been conducted, and its findings demonstrate that every human action, including digestion, sleep and waking hours, hormone release, blood pressure, and body temperature, is controlled by a physiological mechanism. More critically, any modification to this clock may have an impact on a person's immune system. The sun's rays are diffused in the sky and contain all the required wavelengths to enable the regular stimulation of the circadian rhythms of humans, animals, and plants. People's health and well-being will be supported if they have adequate access to daylight. However, given the changes in the way of life of modern humans, this is not possible. Additionally, as the human circadian rhythm is greatly influenced by the short wavelengths of the visible light spectrum, the process of LEDification would increase human exposure to LEDs blue light, which might negatively affect their health and well-being. This research involves the development of a new architectural design framework to evaluate and support the process of creating lighting systems that maintain human healthy circadian rhythm. This process develops a model consisting of key decisions made in each stage of the design process and related knowledge domains to successfully integrate dynamic lighting techniques into the building design. The process explains the role of each member, the essential tools, and the flow of the decision-making process. / Doctor of Philosophy / Approximately 300 years ago, French astronomer, Jean Jacques became the first individual to scientifically observe the natural 24-hour cycle in plants. Since then, a great deal of study has been conducted, and its findings demonstrate that every human action, including digestion, sleep and waking hours, hormone release, blood pressure, and body temperature, is controlled by a physiological mechanism. More critically, any modification to this clock may have an impact on a person's immune system. The sunlight provides enough light for the natural stimulation of the human circadian rhythm. However, modern humans spend a lot of their time indoors and under electric light sources. These light sources might have negative impacts on human circadian rhythm and health. This research has developed a new design framework that architects and lighting designers can use to ensure a lighting system that would support occupants' health and well-being.

How do we humans feel the light? Is there a correspondance between our inner feelings and emotions and the outer space that surrounds us? Are we aware/conscious of it? Which personal meanings-values and emotions arise in us and how we consequently link them to a certain light-environment Atmosphere (indoor and outdoor) lit by natural or artificial light? Driven by these questions, this thesis will investigate via a visual qualitative experiment driven among photography amateurs, how their emotional sensibility is deeply bonded with light and how this emotional atmosphere is felt and portrayed throughout the day. A collection of two pictures per day, for one week, in the morning and in the evening will be firstly analyzed under the lens of each singular participant’s emotional sensibility, and then collectively grouped into common lighting Atmospheres. The wide and colorful spectrum of the possible combinations between light and emotions investigated in this research shows the richness and the complexity of the human sensibility towards light, and raise awareness in consider these intangible human factors as essential in the lighting process.

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The following thesis document examines the production process for the lighting design of Temple University Theatre Department's production of Brigadoon. It will explore the analytical, conceptual, and technical aspects of my personal process as a lighting designer, as well evaluate the department's Master of Fine Arts program and how it contributed to my development as a fine artist in the field of lighting design. / Theater