Esse trabalho busca classificar sistemas de iluminação em vitrinas de ambientes comerciais para o entendimento da estrutura formal arquitetônica de lojas. O papel da luz em espaços comerciais permite a interpretação da intenção arquitetônica. Por isso, o projeto de iluminação é etapa essencial no processo criativo e conceitual do ambiente comercial e deve ser planejado conjuntamente ao arquitetônico. O objetivo da pesquisa é fazer o estudo de vitrinas, em lojas, localizadas em centros de compras, com a classificação dos sistemas de iluminação artificial utilizados, características físico-espaciais, definição e características técnicas, modelos, requisitos de desempenho e emprego da iluminação. Para tanto, a revisão de literatura baseia-se na relação entre iluminação artificial, espacialidade de edificações, conforto visual e uso da simulação computacional em arquitetura. A metodologia desenvolve-se a partir do levantamento dos critérios para elaboração de projeto de iluminação em vitrinas como elemento de transição espacial aplicados às simulações computacionais. Análises dos aspectos da espacialidade, psicológicos e fisiológicos e fatores da tarefa constatam o comportamento da luz diante das variáveis formais no intuito de investigar a relação entre forma construída que atende a um programa e o papel desempenhado por esta forma na função específica de abrigar o programa e o nível de conforto do objeto arquitetônico Com a documentação gráfica e bibliográfica reunida são estabelecidos parâmetros de comparação entre os exemplos encontrados. Os resultados dos cálculos das simulações dos modelos geométricos de vitrinas viabilizam estudos quantitativos da luz disponível no ambiente. Os estudos qualitativos se referem à condição de conforto visual em vitrinas. Ao final do trabalho a sistematização espacial dos exemplares de vitrinas e classificação dos sistemas de iluminação auxiliam na definição do conceito e partido arquitetônico para projeto de ambientes comerciais. O trabalho de pesquisa divide-se em 5 fases: 1ª fase: Aspectos de classificação espacial 2ª fase: Aspectos psicológicos e fisiológicos (conforto visual) 3ª fase: Fatores da tarefa - sistemas de iluminação 4ª fase: Simulações 5ª fase: Conclusões / This work seeks to classify lighting systems in commercial environments windows to understand stores the architectural formal structure. The role of light in commercial spaces allows the interpretation of the architectural intent. Therefore, the lighting design is an essential step in the creative and conceptual process of the commercial environment and should be planned in conjunction with the architectural design. The objective of the research is to study showcases in shops located in shopping centers, with the classification of artificial lighting systems used, physical and spatial characteristics, definition and technical characteristics, models, performance requirements and use of lighting. Therefore, the literature review is based on the relationship between artificial lighting, spatiality of buildings, visual comfort and use of computer simulation in architecture. The methodology is developed from the survey of the criteria for elaboration of lighting design project in showcases as spatial transition element applied to computer simulations. Analysis of aspects of spatiality, psychological and physiological and task factors shall establish the behavior of light before the formal variables in order to investigate the relationship between built form that meets a program and the role of this in the specific function to house the program and the comfort level of the architectural object With the graphical and bibliographical documentation gathered parameters are established for comparison between the examples found. The showcases geometric models simulations calculations results enable quantitative studies of the light available in the environment. Qualitative studies refer to visual comfort condition in display cabinets. At the end of the work space systematization of showcases specimens and classification of lighting systems assist in the definition and architectural party for commercial environments design. The research was divided into 5 stages: 1st phase: spatial classification aspects 2nd phase: psychological and physiological aspects (visual comfort) 3rd phase: Task Factors - lighting systems 4th phase: Simulations 5th phase: Conclusions

Esta dissertação consiste em uma abordagem do fenômeno da luz que interesse ao Design da Iluminação. Isso se faz aqui através da leitura da obra de Dan Flavin, artista americano que utilizou a lâmpada fluorescente como material quase que exclusivo em seus trabalhos. Flavin conhece e explora a luz como um fenômeno intangível. Recusa noções preconcebidas de espaço, e busca novas experiências perceptuais e espaciais. Assim, sua obra nos permitiria uma leitura múltipla, levantando diversos aspectos importantes para a atividade do designer da Iluminação. Pesquisar Flavin é uma imersão na luz, na cor, no espaço e na percepção humana. A riqueza visual e conceitual de sua obra nos levaram a explorar o conhecimento que se tem sobre a presença da luz no espaço que complementem a prática do Design. / This essay proposes an approach to the phenomenon of light that involves Lighting Design. The route to this exploration is the work of Dan Flavin, an American artist who used fluorescent lamp as the practically exclusive material of his work. Flavin knows and explores light as an intangible phenomenon. He refuses preconceived notions of space and seeks new perceptual and spacial experiences. As a result, his work allows multiple readings and raises several key aspects for the activity of the Lighting designer. To research Flavin is to immerse oneself in light, color, space and human perception. The visual and conceptual richness of his work led us to explore the knowledge we have of the presence of light in space, which complements the Design practice.

A questão ambiental e de higiene no trabalho é cada vez mais reconhecida e cobrada pela sociedade civil e pelos órgãos do governo em todas as suas instâncias. Alguns dos pátios de estocagem de minérios, que hoje estão a céu aberto, poderão precisar no futuro serem fechados para atender às normas ambientais cada vez mais rígidas, cobradas pela sociedade através dos órgãos ambientais de controle, que almejam que pátios de armazenamento tenham estanqueidade similar aos silos ou que haja um sistema de contenção de poeira e material particulado eficiente. Uma das saídas viáveis para esta questão é a estocagem do minério em galpões confinados, que demandam um custo de implantação mais elevado mas, que por outro lado, têm um baixo custo operacional. Nos pátios que possuírem fechamento, a iluminação passa a ser uma questão primordial, uma vez que proverá condições de funcionamento à produção, principalmente em caso de trabalho ininterrupto durante 24h. Desta forma, passam a ser consideradas, não somente as questões de segurança, como também de uma iluminação que estimule a produtividade através de um nível maior de iluminância, maior contraste, menor ofuscamento e seja confortável para as tarefas que serão realizadas no ambiente. Em áreas nas quais o material particulado é altamente combustível, tais como pátios de carvão mineral, uma iluminação adequada e segura é questão fundamental, pois se mal projetada, pode ser ignitora de incêndios, explosões e trágicos desastres acometendo trabalhadores e o ambiente de trabalho. Este trabalho é composto por uma extensiva revisão bibliográfica. A primeira parte apresenta os conceitos de iluminação; a segunda trata da higiene e segurança no trabalho, com ênfase no agente físico iluminação. A terceira parte comenta as normas nacionais e internacionais relacionadas à iluminação e analisa às suas solicitações. A quarta parte versa sobre áreas classificadas e atmosferas explosivas, procurando discriminar em linhas simples o que são áreas classificadas, quais os critérios envolvidos, os riscos de ignição de poeiras mais comuns e normas relacionadas a estas áreas. Na quinta parte comenta-se sobre a iluminação de galpões em áreas industriais, relacionando os critérios a serem utilizados para um projeto adequado. Na sexta parte o trabalho cita equipamentos de iluminação, lâmpadas e luminárias com aplicação industrial disponíveis no mercado. Por fim, apresenta-se de um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa do interior de São Paulo que possui pátios para estocagem de carvão em pó, analisando-se os resultados através de dados obtidos no local e da medição dos níveis de iluminância, efetuada em horários alternados. Tais dados foram comparados às normas e recomendações de boas práticas para concluir sobre a adequação da iluminação do galpão e alternativas para solução dos problemas encontrados foram propostas. A conclusão a que se chega é que é possível contribuir para uma melhora significativa nas instalações que provêm iluminação em galpões de minérios, padronizando-as, fazendo uma manutenção adequada, substituindo equipamentos obsoletos e observando-se as normas, visando o aumento de produtividade, segurança e conforto dos trabalhadores. Estas ações implicam ainda em economia e um menor consumo de energia, cooperando com a sustentabilidade ambiental e atendendo a requisitos da família das normas NBR ISSO 14.000. / Environmental questions, occupational health and safety management are each time, more recognized and required by civil society and public agencies in all levels. Some of the ore stores that are opened today will need in the future to be closed to comply with stronger environmental regulations, required by society through controlling environmental agencies. Those agencies require the stores to be air tight or to have an efficient system of dust and particulate airbone. One feasible possibility for this question is the storage of the ore in closed sheds, which demand a higher cost of implementation, but on the other hand, it has a low cost of operation. In closed stores, the lighting is very important, since it provides necessary conditions for the workers productivity, particularly in the case of a continuous twenty four hour working day. Also, in addition to safety management, there are questions which should be considered, namely, an adjusted illumination that stimulates productivity, throughout higher illuminance, higher contrast, less glare and at the same time is comfortable for the tasks that will be carried through that environment. In environments in which the particulate material is highly combustible, such as coal stores, an adequate and safety illumination is an elementary question and if badly designed, can cause fires, explosions and tragic disasters that can injure people and destroy the working area. This work was composed by reference to an extensive bibliographical revision. The first part is a review of lighting concepts; the second refers to health and safety matters, security in the work place and also reference to the lighting. The third part highlights the national and international rules for lighting and analyzes it\'s requests. The fourth part deal with hazardous areas and explosive atmospheres, and explains in simple terms what are classified areas, which are the criteria involved, the risks of common different types of dusts and related regulations. The fifth part explains about lighting of industrial stores, with related criteria used in an adequate lighting design standard. In the sixth part it outlines the selection of lighting fixtures, light bulbs and lighting ancillaries used for industrial applications available in the market. A case in a company in the state of São Paulo, that possesses storage facilities of coal dust was carried out. The results were analyzed through data collected throughout the store and the measurement of the illumination realized at different times of the day. Such data was compared to rules, regulations and best practices in order to decide on lighting adequacy of the store and alternatives to solve the encountered problems were proposed. The conclusion is that it is possible to contribute to a significant improvement in the installations that provide illumination in the ore stores by, standardizing them, providing adequate maintenance, substituting obsolete equipment and observing rules and regulations. These measures increases the productivity, security and comfort of the workers. This action also results in cost savings, less energy consumption and ensures cooperation with environmental sustainability and complies with the requirements of NBR ISO 14.000 series.

Orientador: Jose Pissolato Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:04:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dib_WanderleyMauro_D.pdf: 5970256 bytes, checksum: 785c4cc2efe1be7ba99d140c74adecba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma alternativa econômica e compacta para o levantamento fotométrico e traçamento de curvas características clássicas de luminotécnica. São apresentados os conceitos adotados e a concepção do projeto para que o goniofotômetro possa atuar automaticamente, bastando que sejam fixados as luminárias ou projetores, simétricos ou assimétricos. Trata-se de uma solução de grande interesse para o setor e que atenderá às necessidades de fabricantes, escolas técnicas, universidades, centros e institutos de pesquisa, abrindo frentes de pesquisas até o momento pouco exploradas por falta de equipamento semelhante / Abstract: The present work has the objective to present an economic and compact alternative for the photometric survey and tracing of classic photometric characteristic curves. The adopted concepts and the conception of the project are presented so that the goniophotometer can act automatically as long as the lights or projectors are fixed, symmetrical or anti-symmetrical. It is a solution of great interest for the sector and that will take care of the necessities of manufacturers, schools techniques, universities, centers and institutes of research, opening fronts of research, so far little explored for the similar equipment non-availability / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Em uma viagem de avião os passageiros ficam de 1 a 12 horas em determinada localização, na maior parte do tempo sentados, com limitações nos ajustes de seus assentos, expostos a ruídos, vibrações mecânicas, temperaturas desconfortáveis, condições que podem levá-los a um processo de estresse em função do desconforto a que estão sujeitos. Outro fator importante para a sensação de desconforto é a qualidade e a cor da iluminação do interior da aeronave. A cor de uma iluminação tem influência no estado de humor das pessoas, que pode afetar de maneira positiva ou negativa o seu estado emocional. Com o avanço tecnológico e a invenção LED (Light Emitting Diode, Diodo Emissor de Luz) pode-se criar uma iluminação no interior da cabine, com cores que podem ser alteradas facilmente e dessa maneira influenciar o estado emocional dos passageiros. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é determinar a sensação de conforto/desconforto causada pela cor da iluminação em uma cabine de aeronave. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica para se obter dados sobre a influência das cores no estado emocional das pessoas. Também foi pesquisado o mecanismo de funcionamento do sistema visual humano e como percebemos as informações visuais. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma população representativa de passageiros de aeronaves. Fez-se um levantamento quantitativo de aspectos subjetivos da percepção da qualidade do ambiente em função da cor da iluminação, por meio da aplicação da técnica do diferencial semântico. O ambiente de estudo desta investigação foi um mockup que reproduz o interior de uma cabine de aeronave em condições semelhantes a uma viagem de avião. Avaliou-se a influência de algumas características físicas dos passageiros, tais como gênero, cor dos olhos e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), na percepção da qualidade do ambiente em função da cor da iluminação. Os resultados das análises mostraram que as sensações percebidas do ambiente são afetadas pelas características físicas dos indivíduos, com diferenças significativas de percepção da qualidade do ambiente entre o sexo masculino e o feminino, entre IMC>25 e IMC<25, e entre olhos claros e olhos escuros. Pela análise dos resultados também se determinou cores mais adequadas para reduzir o estresse de uma viagem de avião e para cada fase do voo. O resultado encontrado apresentou um grau de incerteza elevado, com desvio padrão de 20 pontos em uma amplitude de valores de 0 a 100, o que evidencia a subjetividade das percepções. Este resultado revela que o ideal, em termos de conforto da cor da iluminação, é individualizar a iluminação. Além das possibilidades práticas de aplicação em cabines de aeronave, o resultado obtido poderá se estender a outras aplicações, em que se busca o bem estar propiciado por uma cor de iluminação adequada. / On a plane trip passengers could stay from 1 to 12 hours in a specific location, most of the time sitting with limitations related to the settings of their seats, subjected to noise, vibration, uncomfortable temperatures, conditions that can lead them to a stress due to the discomfort process that they are exposed. Another important factor for the discomfort factor is the quality and color of aircraft interior illumination. The color of illumination influences the people´s mood, which can positively or negatively affect their emotional state. With technological advancement and invention of LED (Light Emitting Diode) it is possible to create a lighting inside the cabin with colors that can be changed easily and thus influence the passengers´ emotional state. The aim of this research is to determine the sense of comfort / discomfort caused by the lighting color in an aircraft cabin. A literature survey was conducted to obtain data about the influence of colors on people´s emotional state. It was also investigated the mechanism of functioning of the human visual system and how we perceive visual information. The survey was conducted with a representative sample of passenger aircraft. It was made a data collection about subjective aspects of the environment perception due to the illumination color by applying the technique of semantic differential. The study environment of this research was a mockup that reproduced the interior of an aircraft cabin in conditions similar to a plane trip. It was assessed the influence of some physical passengers characteristics, such as gender, eyes color and body mass index (BMI), in the perception of the environment due to the illumination color. The analysis of the results showed that the perceived sensations of the environment are affected by the physical characteristics of the persons, and that there were significant differences in perception of the environment between male and female, between BMI > 25 and BMI < 25, and between light eyes and dark eyes. Through the analysis of the results it was also determined most appropriate colors to reduce the stress of traveling by plane and for each phase of flight. The results founded showed a high degree of uncertainty, with a standard deviation of 20 points in a range of values from 0 to 100, which demonstrates the subjectivity of perceptions. This result reveals that the ideal, in terms of comfort Illumination color, is to individualize the lighting. Apart from the practical possibilities of application in aircraft cabins, the result can be extended to other applications where one seeks the well being brought by a color proper lighting is seek.

Context. In this thesis, a GPU-based light culling technique performed with conservative rasterization is presented. Accurate lighting calculations are expensive in real-time applications and the number of lights used in a typical virtual scene increases as real-time applications become more advanced. Performing light culling prior to shading a scene has in recent years become a vital part of any high-end rendering pipeline. Existing light culling techniques suffer from a variety of problems which clustered shading tries to address. Objectives. The main goal of this thesis is to explore the use of the rasterizer to efficiently assign convex light shapes to clusters. Being able to accurately represent and assign light volumes to clusters is a key objective in this thesis. Methods. This method is designed for real-time applications that use large amounts of dynamic and arbitrarily shaped convex lights. By using using conservative rasterization to assign convex light volumes to a 3D cluster structure, a more suitable light volume approximation can be used. This thesis implements a novel light culling technique in DirectX 12 by taking advantage of the hardware conservative rasterization provided by the latest consumer grade Nvidia GPUs. Experiments are conducted to prove the efficiency of the implementation and comparisons with AMD´s Forward+ tiled light culling are provided to relate the implementation to existing techniques. Results. The results from analyzing the algorithm shows that most problems with existing light culling techniques are addressed and the light assignment is of high quality and allows for easy integration of new convex light types. Assigning the lights and shading the CryTek Sponza scene with 2000 point lights and 2000 spot lights takes 2.92ms on a GTX970. Conclusions. The conclusion shows that the main goal of the thesis has been reached to the extent that all existing problems with current light culling techniques have been solved, at the cost of using more memory. The technique is novel and a lot of future work is outlined and would benefit the validity of the implementation if further researched.

L’innovation du lieu hospitalier intéresse le domaine de conception et de création dans une lecture et une démarche esthétique et poïétique. Cette recherche vise à alimenter des réflexions en esthétique et en poïétique, par le biais des interrogations sur la couleur et la lumière. La démarche conceptuelle s’achève par un va-et-vient entre pratique et théorie, entre sensibilité et système nerveux, entre complexité et simplicité. Je cherche à travers cette recherche, à trouver une autre identité aux espaces sanitaires en Tunisie, respectant à la fois, les exigences technico médicales et l’identité patrimoniale. Je pose les problématiques de la démarche et de la méthodologie, de la réflexion et de la lecture, du théorique et d’empirique. Les différentes parties de cette recherche doctorale portent sur la relation entre conceptions couleur et lumière et certaines interrogations en matière de poïétique et d’esthétique. / Innovation hospital design interested field and creation in reading and aesthetic and poietic approach. This research aims to contribute to reflections on aesthetics and poietics, through questions about color and light. The conceptual approach ends with a back and forth between theory and practice, between sensitivity and nervous system, between complexity and simplicity. I'm looking through this research, to find another identity sanitary spaces Tunisia, respecting both the technical requirements and medical heritage identity. I put the problems of the approach and methodology, reflection and reading, the theoretical and empirical. The different parts of this doctoral research focuses on the relationship between color and light designs and some questions for poietic and aesthetic.

In this thesis, I wanted to design a lamp in collaboration with the lighting company Örsjö Belysning AB, that would contribute to stress-reduction and calmness both through visual and functional aspects. My focus in the study and the design process was on the lamps shape and light, where my primary inspiration was taken from the qualities of water. My lamp also had to fit into Örsjö Belysnings current assortment. My research showed that rounded shapes and adjustable light are two important factors for producing calmness and well-being for the user. The result of my work was a lamp with the name Harmoni. A LED floor lamp made of brass metal and acrylic plastic, with focus on rounded shapes, lightness, flexibility and symmetry. The lamp has a unique and adjustable light emission, that gives two different kinds of light from the same source. It functions both as a floor and a wall lamp in one.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional & Community Planning / Laurence A. Clement / The City of Manhattan, Kansas (“the City”) is planning a landscape improvement project for a 0.3-mile portion of one of its non-vehicular rights-of-way (“the Trail”). The focus of the City’s project is to resolve safety issues that have arisen due to a lack of nighttime lighting. While the City’s plan is to implement lighting, this plan would not comprehensively address the Trail users’ and stakeholders’ needs. This study asks, “What design alternatives can be generated to address lighting, safety, and other user and stakeholder concerns for the Trail?” This study employs a literature review, a site inventory and analysis, and a pair of surveys to facilitate the synthesis of a series of design alternatives. The literature review analyzes urban design theory and environmental psychology research to develop a series of design considerations. The site inventory and analysis documents the Trail’s existing conditions through photography, drafting, inventory, observation, and dérive. User and stakeholder surveys were also conducted to gauge existing usage patterns and perceptions of the Trail. From the findings of these methods, a series of environmental designs were developed which respond to users’ experience and stakeholders’ needs as they use and consider the Trail. These designs range on a spectrum of intervention from “minimal” to “high.” It was determined that there are two key regions of the Trail which need immediate attention: an area of thick overgrowth (“the Tunnel”) and an area of ponding and erosion (“the Low Water Crossing”). Additional design considerations were also revealed and addressed by the design alternatives. These designs where then presented to a group of stakeholders who determined that rather than implementing one intervention level, a phasing strategy to implement all intervention levels would be of particular interest. This study also reveals the potential need for a future study about the Trail which would allow stakeholders to analyze the effects of specific, constructed design interventions.

Solid state white light emitting diode lighting devices outperform conventional light sources in terms of lifetime, durability, and lumens per watt. However, the capital contribution is still to high to encourage widespread adoption. Furthermore, the colour from today's devices is unsuitable for general room illumination and thus new phosphor materials are needed. This dissertation will examine the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles and the possibility of using hybrid inorganic-organic frameworks in the search for new lighting phosphors. Nanoparticles of the oxide compound yttrium aluminium garnet were synthesized using an emulsion technique, though it was found that the high temperature processing needed for good optical properties was not compatible with maintaining nanosized particles. In terms of hybrid framework phosphors, several aspects of this new area have been explored. The mechanical and optical properties of a dense cerium oxalate formate hybrid framework compound have been investigated. Its strength was found to be nearly as great as some classical ceramic compounds, and clearly robust enough for device applications. While the photoluminescence of the cerium oxalate formate was not suitable for solid state lighting, the impressive mechanical properties evaluated are expected to be valid for a wide range of dense inorganic-organic frameworks. A novel approach to solid state lighting phosphors was introduced by using ligand-based photoluminescence in hybrid frameworks. Novel frameworks were prepared using 9,10-anthraquinone-2,3-dicarboxylic acid in combination with calcium, manganese, nickel, and zinc. These compounds show excellent photoluminescent emission for use in solid state lighting applications, although the luminescence is quenched at room temperature due to dynamic effects. The excitation, while reaching the blue part of the spectrum, falls just short of what is needed for use today's devices. To address these issues, a second class of novel framework compounds was prepared using 9-fluorenone-2,7-dicarboxylic acid in combination with calcium, strontium, barium, cadmium, and manganese. They are more rigid structures and show good luminescence at room temperature with a photoluminescent excitation spectrum extending further into the blue than the anthraquinones. Additionally, quantum yield in the calcium fluorenone is nearly double that of its parent ligand, suggesting that there is an enhancement in luminescent properties as a result its inclusion in a framework structure. An explanation for the differences in efficiency between seemingly similar compounds are drawn from their compositions, crystal structures, photoluminescence, and specific heat properties. Finally, some structural and chemical targets for future hybrid phosphor development are identified based on the relationships identified in this work.