Orientador: Paulo Roberto Gardel Kurka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:13:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MenezesJunior_LuizFerreira_M.pdf: 3960270 bytes, checksum: 542b501adbaca7fc3d8ff80120fab0d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um método de controle automatizado de scanners de luz baseado no posicionamento dos projetores. É desenvolvida ainda uma estratégia de posicionamento dos focos de luz, através de acionamento sincronizado por sinais de áudio. Todos os modos de controle desenvolvidos são incorporados a um software de gerenciamento. No processo de controle toma-se necessário também a construção de uma interface de dados baseada no protocolo PC-DMX512. O trabalho contempla ainda uma descrição detalhada de tal protocolo e do hardware construído. O resultado final é ilustrado através de exemplos e do manual de operação do software de controle / Abstract: The work presents a method for automatically positioning of the light beam scanners. A strategy for synchronizing their positions based on the audio signals is also developed All control modes developed are incorporated into a managing system software. The controlling process requires the construction of a digital data interface to the hardware on the basis of the DMX512 protocol. The work includes a detailed description of the DMX512 protocol and the implemented hardware. Final results are illustrated through examples and operation manual / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

This work is focused on description how the light impact human live, description of light sources and finally design and construction of light source with adjustable colour temperature and luminous flux. In introduction is mentioned the process of vision and how the light impact humans. In next part is characterization of currently used light sources, their construction, properties, benefits and drawback with their main parameters. Important part of this chapter is more extensive description of light emitting diodes with their operational parameters. The last two parts is focused on design and measuring the parameters of created light source with adjustable colour temperature and luminous flux and evaluating the results.

Införandet av elektrisk belysning var en revolution på många områden, inte minst för byggnadsinteriörer. Syftet med belysningsändringar i nutid är ofta förbättringar av byggnadens funktion och tillgänglighet. Samtidigt är ljusbilden viktig för den historiska läsbarheten, stämningen och upplevelsen av en byggnad. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka ljussättning i historiska miljöer ur ett antikvariskt perspektiv. Vilka effekter har övergången till elektrisk belysning fått i historiska byggnader jämfört med deras historiska ljusbild? Ljussättning följer restaureringsideologier men även trender och den tekniska utvecklingen. För att bättre ta tillvara våra historiska byggnader och deras värden är kunskap om historisk belysning viktig. Samtidigt bör vi vara medvetna om hur vårt nutida perspektiv påverkar belysningslösningar även i äldre byggnader. Materialet för undersökningen består av litteratur och forskning om ljus och belysning från flera discipliner: etnologi, arkeologi, ljusdesign, kulturvård och arkitektur. En del av materialet samlades i fältstudier och innefattar fyra olika byggnadsinteriörer. Som metod för undersökningen användes fältstudier och fotodokumentation tillsammans med studier av arkivmaterial och relevant litteratur. Undersökningen visar att belysningen i en byggnad påverkar dess kulturhistoriska värden samtidigt som ljusbilden i sig kan tillskrivas kulturhistoriskt värde. Genom att ta hänsyn till byggnadens originalgestaltning och vissa grundprinciper för historisk belysning blir det möjligt att skapa en mer historiskt trovärdig belysning som samtidigt höjer upplevelsevärdet. En tydlig värdering av ljusbilden kan leda till mer ändamålsenliga belysningslösningar samtidigt som flera värden i en byggnad kan tas tillvara. / The introduction of electric light was a revolution in several areas of life. It ́s impact on building interiors is not to be underestimated. The aim with changes in lighting is often to improve access or function in a building. The light environment, however, is important even for the feeling and experience of an interior and can improve its historical readability. The purpose of this paper is to study lighting in historical buildings from a conservation point of view. What effects do the transition to electric lighting have on historical buildings and how does the light environment differ from the historical ways of lighting? Lighting design follows restauration ideologies as well as trends and the technical development. Knowledge of historical lighting is important for the conservation of historical buildings and their heritage values. At the same time, we need to be aware of the ways our modern perspective on light and lighting affects lighting design even in historical buildings. Material for the study consists of literature and research on light and lighting from several disciplines: anthropology, archeology, lighting design, conservation and architecture. Part of the material was collected through field studies in four historical interiors. Methods used for this study were field studies and photo documentation together with studies of archive material and relevant literature. The study shows that appropriate lighting can enhance cultural heritage values in a building and even have a value on its own. By respecting the original character of a building and applying some basic principles of historical lighting it is possible to create a historically truthful light environment that improves the experiential value of the building. A clear valorization of a light environment can lead to more favorable lighting solutions and help preserve several more cultural heritage values in a building.

An analysis of existing showrooms showed that absence of atmosphere makes it hard for clients to imagine effects in a context, and that lack of guidance by the light makes the experience of the showroom overwhelming or static. Also, clients often prioritize luminaires' design over light effect, even in architectural lighting where design should be negligible. This thesis investigates whether it is possible by prioritizing light effect, to optimize the showroom experience and to direct clients' focus on the light, while minimizing the influence of design on the impression and eventually choice of luminaire. In order to achieve these goals, three main concepts are suggested – guiding light, contrasting atmospheres and sequence of presenting light effects first and luminaires afterwards. These enable good communication about light which is essential for clients to focus on the atmosphere created by the light, rather than price and design. Experiments were conducted in the basement of a Croatian company's office, where the exhibits were not the luminaires, but their light. Visitors' priorities before and after going through the installation changed significantly, which might mean that the light effect made an impact and influenced examinees to base their choice of luminaire more on light effect, than design. It is concluded that the used concepts contributed to putting more focus on the light itself. Instead of focusing solely on light experience or product, a balance between the two was achieved by prioritizing and showing the light effect first, and only afterwards joining it with the product, thus offering visitors a more complete experience of the luminaire.

Introduction – Digital systems for lighting control are becoming increasingly common. One way to manually control these systems is through control panels with buttons. These panels can vary in both appearance (layout) and function (user interaction). These differences can create confusion and, in the worst case, result in the control equipment not being used. This study specifically focuses on panels with four buttons and aims to provide a basis for developing button panels that are as intuitive as possible for end-users. Method – To determine the preferred layout among users, a quantitative online survey with 60 respondents was conducted. Respondents were asked about their preferred button placement for controlling the dimming function on a 4-button panel. This question was repeated for three different button layouts: horizontal, vertical, and square. At the end of the survey, respondents were asked about their overall preferred layout. To determine the user's expected interaction with a button panel, an experiment was conducted. In the experiment, 36 participants tested identical panels with different types of interaction programming. They performed a task while the time was recorded, and in addition to the time, participants also provided a qualitative evaluation of which of the three panels they preferred and why. Results – The survey responses show that a vertical button layout is preferred by the majority of respondents. The top button received the most votes for the "dim-up” function, while the bottom button received the most votes for the "dim-down" function. The results from the experiment show that a panel with scene-based lighting was the fastest for performing the task. Scene-based lighting means that each button is linked to a specific lighting-scene without providing any fine-tuned manual control. A panel with continuous pressure to adjust the brightness took the longest time to complete the task. A panel with repeated "clicks" to dim the lighting fell between the other two panels in terms of time. The qualitative responses indicated that participants preferred the panel with continuous pressure, as it provided the highest degree of control. Analysis – Regarding button placement, women generally responded more uniformly than men, but the same option received a majority in both groups. Increased age of the respondents seemed to yield more ambiguous results for both button placement and layout. For the experiment's results, ANOVA tests showed that the differences in time among the different tested programming approaches were statistically significant. Discussion – Overall, the study shows that the most intuitive 4-button panel is a vertical panel with the dimming function placed at the top or bottom of the panel. The interaction with the panel should be through incremental "clicks," which represents the best compromise between the user's intuition and their own experience of control. However, the study has a significant issue with skewed participant demographics in both the survey and experiment. Therefore, this is something that could be revisited, and it would also be interesting to repeat the experiment using symbols on the buttons and compare the outcomes with this study. / Introduktion – Digitala system för belysningsstyrning blir allt vanligare, ett sätt att styra dessa system manuellt är med knappaneler som kan skilja sig åt både till utseende (layout) och funktion (hur brukare interagerar med panelen). Dessa skillnader kan skapa förvirring och leder i värsta fall till att styrutrustningen inte används. Denna studie fokuserar specifikt på paneler med fyra knappar och har som mål att ta fram underlag som kan användas för att utveckla knappaneler som är så intuitiva som möjligt för slutanvändaren. Metod – För att svara på vilken layout som föredras av brukare gjordes en kvantitativ online-enkät som skickades ut till 60 respondenter. I enkäten fick respondenterna svara på föredragen knapplacering för att styra dim-funktionen på en 4-knappspanel. Denna fråga repeterades för tre olika knapp-layouter: vågrät, lodrät, och kvadratisk layout. I slutet av enkäten frågades respondenterna vilken layout de föredrog överlag. För att svara på vilken interaktion med en knappanel som brukare förväntar sig gjordes ett experiment. I experimentet fick 36 deltagare testa identiska paneler med olika typer av interaktionsprogrammering, de fick utföra en uppgift där tiden registrerades, utöver tiden fick deltagare även ge ett kvalitativt omdöme om vilken av de tre panelerna de föredrog och varför. Resultat – Enkätsvaren visar att en lodrät knapplayout föredras av flest respondenter, knappen högst upp fick flest röster för funktionen ”dim-upp” och knappen längst ner fick flest röster för funktionen ”dim-ner”. Resultaten från experimentet visar att en panel med scenbaserad belysning var snabbast för att utföra uppgiften, scenbaserad belysning innebär att varje knapp är kopplad till ett specifikt läge utan möjlighet till mer finjusterad manuell kontroll. En panel med kontinuerligt tryck för att justera belysningsnivån tog längst tid att utföra uppgiften. En panel med repeterade ”klick” för att dimra belysningen hamnade mellan de andra två panelerna tidsmässigt. De kvalitativa svaren visade att deltagarna föredrog panelen med kontinuerligt tryck, med motiveringen att denna panel gav den högsta graden av kontroll.  Analys – För knapplacering svarade kvinnor generellt mer enhälligt än män, men samma alternativ fick majoritet i båda. Ökad ålder på respondenter tycktes ge mer svårtolkade resultat, både för knapplacering och layout. För experimentets resultat visade ANOVA test att skillnaden i tid mellan de olika programmeringar som testats var statistiskt signifikanta. Diskussion – Sammantaget visar studien att den mest intuitiva 4-knappspanelen är en lodrät panel med dim-funktionen högst upp eller längst ner på panelen, interaktionen med panelen bör fungera genom stegvis ”klick”, detta är den bästa kompromissen mellan brukarens intuition och egna upplevelse av kontroll. Studien har dock ett stort problem med skev demografi hos deltagare i både enkät och experiment, därför är detta något som skulle kunna undersökas vidare, intressant vore också att göra om experimentet med symboler på knapparna och jämföra utfallet med denna studie.

How can reimagining the way we light our cities prove to be the urban catalyst to meet targets set out in the Paris Climate Agreement? In this Master Thesis, I question how restructuring our urban lighting can provide enormous benefits for not only reducing our energy consumption and becoming more efficient societies, but also support social interaction in shaping our cities for the future. The aspects pertaining to urban lighting and its influence on our environment have been organised into economy, political and urban evolution (social) categories, as a way to dissect and appreciate lights associated role in shaping our societies. Seeking sustainable strategies to meet urgent energy targets and urban development initiatives, are no longer optional but necessary. However, even with this undisputed need for change, particularly within urban lighting, approaches taken are still very much sequestered from general understanding and lack cross-disciplinary cooperation. Extensive publications, works and teachings from lighting designers, as well as currently adopted policies from government bodies and international case studies have been considered, in order to understand current strategies adopted and their potential co-operation for a future holistic strategy in tackling climate change as well as apparent inequalities in our urban environments.

We are living in a changing time where a living democracy and sustainable development is more important than ever. Factors such as urbanization, technological development and migration is creating new needs for us as a society which has to be considered when designing for a sustainable future. The Swedish policy ”Politik för gestaltad livsmiljö” (Policy for a designed urban environment), is suggesting a new way to work with sustainability, design and architecture in our urban environment. The policy is mentioning a lot of factors that should be considered in the design of a socially sustainable urban environment but it is lacking a clear guidance on how to achieve it. For lighting designers it might be hard to know how to work consciously with these factors. The different factors needs to be put in to a lighting design context to bring clearness to the matter. This thesis had the intention to summarize the new policy and create guidelines regarding socially sustainable lighting design of public spaces. These guidelines was then implemented in a project with a client where the aim was to create a social sustainable lighting design for the shopping center ”Valbo Köpcentrum” right outside the Swedish city of Gävle.

This is a study of computer technology's impact on the theatrical design process. The tools of communication provided by technology were studied, and an analysis was conducted in the classroom of Digital Rendering, Digital Rendering Videos, and 3d CADD. After-wards, these tools were applied to an actual production of West Side Story where, with the addition of 3d light simulation software, the tools were used to communicate the design ideas from the lighting designer to the director. The goal of this process was to provide a 'real to life' virtual representation of the show to the director with the least amount of confusion. An additional goal was to test the limits and functions of the software; trying to learn all the benefits that could be provided to the process of mounting a theatrical production.

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There are many factors to be considered when studying the lighting of industrial arts shops. Adequate light is one of the most important factors, and by adequate lighting is meant light that is sufficient in quantity and quality. Other factors to be considered include the location of the shops in the building, the windows, interior painting, width, and length, and the ceiling height of the shoprooms. The study herein is directed toward better lighting in the industrial arts shops for more efficient work.