Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1965.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1965.

Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 2000. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Frankfurt (Main).

No description available.

No description available.

Since the catabolism of amino acids in cheese results in the formation of most volatile flavor compounds, a proper intracellular pool of amino acids must be established in order to produce a desirable flavor production in cheese. Generation of this pool of amino acids requires complex interactions among casein and its derivatives, proteolytic enzymes, and transport systems in the associated bacteria, including lactococci. In this project, we hypothesized that casein hydrolysis by the extracellular proteinases of Brevibacterium linens BL2 modulates the expression profile of proteolytic related genes in Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis IL1403. In order to monitor the global gene regulation patterns in L. lactis ssp. lactis IL1403, a high-throughput gene expression tool was needed to study the gene expression profiles on a genomic scale. In this project, we developed a novel oligonucleotide-based filter DNA array protocol for this purpose. The success of this oligonucleotide-based DNA array was dependent on technical innovations including polyI tailing, indirect high density biotin labeling, careful probe design, and integrated computational data analysis. The utility and validity of this protocol were demonstrated by profiling the expression of 375 metabolically related genes in L. lactis ssp. lactis IL1403 during heat, acid, and osmotic stresses. Subsequently the DNA macroarray was used to profile the gene expression changes of L. lactis spp. lactis IL1403 growing in a peptide-limited medium, in a casitone-based peptide-rich medium, and in a casein hydrolyte by B. linens BL2 proteolytic enzymes. L. lactis ssp. lactis IL1403 experienced nitrogen starvation even with an abundance of peptide resources because of lack of expression of peptide transporter genes. Conversely, a peptide pool generated by B. linens BL2 proteolytic activities was sufficient to sustain the growth of L. lactis ssp. lactis IL1403. The repression of the peptide transporter and other peptidase genes of L. lactis ssp. lactis IL1403 was relieved in this medium. Interestingly, the Opt system, a di-tripeptide transporter, was used as a primary peptide transporter, instead of the Opp system whose genes were not actively transcripted in IL1403. We also conducted additional experiments to further describe the protease in B. linens BL2 responsible for the peptide pool generation. This enzyme was secreted as a non-active zymogen and matured into the active protease. Both proteolysis and maturation processes were regulated. Collectively, this work demonstrated that a unique protease of B. linens BL2 generated a pool of pep tides transportable by L. lactis IL1403 and induced changes in gene expression in L. lactis IL1403. Consequently, this body of work demonstrated the hypothesis to be true.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1959.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1959.

M.Tech. / In this research, I examine whether cultural meanings embedded in original sixteenth to eighteenth century Dutch lace and Shweshwe fabric, as examples of colonial forms, are transformed through selected processes. With reference to Dutch lace from Holland, I analyse how the form changes within colonial and post-colonial contexts, but propose that the cultural meanings of the lace remain similar in both contexts. With reference to Shweshwe fabric, I argue that the form stays the same within both colonial and post-colonial contexts, but that its cultural meaning changes as a result of how patterns printed on it are named and identified in a post-colonial context. In this research, I use the term ‘cultural meaning’ to refer to certain signifiers of culture. I propose that factors such as value, class, aspiration, desire and consumption are embedded in or make cultural meaning. My central argument proposes that crocheted doilies, and plastic tablecloths and placemats might be seen as post-colonial versions of Dutch lace. These post-colonial versions of Dutch lace are adopted and adapted by female homemakers in Naledi Ext. 2 to suit certain decorative tastes, values, aspirations and act as markers of class. This adoption and adaptation of the original colonial form, shifts the cultural meanings imbued within it, but not necessarily the associated consumptive meanings. Whilst the primary focus of the theoretical research is Dutch lace and its proposed post-colonial counterparts, I also examine examples of original Shweshwe fabric and how meanings of motifs found on this fabric have been transformed by the modern Mosotho to reflect notions of value and aspiration, whilst the actual motifs appear to be unchanged. In my practical work, I use Dutch lace, crocheted doilies, and plastic tablecloths and placemats, as well as Shweshwe fabric as visual references in the production of large to small scale paintings. In these, I explore how, through painterly alteration and transformation, shifts can occur in the meanings of patterns derived from these culturally-loaded sources.