published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Chemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

LD2668 .T4 1949 R33 / Master of Science

We hypothesized that subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue would differ in monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) composition among different depots throughout a beef carcass. To test this, 50 carcasses from a variety of breed types and backgrounds were sampled. External fat samples were collected from eight different carcass locations: round, sirloin, loin, rib, chuck, brisket, plate and flank. Samples were used to provide information on slip points, fatty acid composition and MUFA:SFA ratios. Lipids were extracted from s.c. adipose tissue by a modified chloroform:methanol procedure, and fatty acid composition and slip points were measured. The brisket was significantly lower in palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acid than the other seven sampling sites (P = 0.001). The brisket demonstrated the highest values of MUFA (P = 0.001) with the exception of possessing the lowest value of transvaccenic (18:1t11) acid (P = 0.002). There were also significant differences in the amounts of PUFA among the eight sampling sites. The lowest values were from the brisket with a mean of 25.1. The flank had the highest slip point with a mean of 39.0 (P ≤ 0.001). There was a high negative correlation shown between palmitoleic and stearic acid (R2 = 0.827). The brisket displayed the highest values for MUFA:SFA ratios (P = 0.001), whereas the flank was the lowest. Due to the significant differences amongst fat depots within bovine carcasses in their fatty acid composition we conclude that substantial differences exist across fat depots.

Fertility in human males is negatively correlated with obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether CLA influences obesity and DM associated infertility has not been studied. Seven-week-old male obese and DM-2 mice (db/db, n=40) were randomized to either an 8.5% (w/w) fat diet of a CLA isomer (0.4%, w/w) or a control diet for 6 weeks. Lean (n=10) mice were fed a control diet. The db/db mice fed a control diet displayed increased abnormal morphology, decreased sperm concentration. They also had decreased cst and cgt gene expression, despite increased seminolipid concentration, and decreased expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis compared to their lean counterparts. CLA isomers increased sperm number and normal sperm morphology, influenced seminolipid concentration, seminolipid enzyme gene expression and significantly increased Ccna1 gene expression. Seminolipid and genes of spermatogenesis appear to factor into DM and obesity induced reproductive dysfunction. Dietary CLA isomers appear to increase functionally viable sperm and thereby improve fertility.

Fertility in human males is negatively correlated with obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether CLA influences obesity and DM associated infertility has not been studied. Seven-week-old male obese and DM-2 mice (db/db, n=40) were randomized to either an 8.5% (w/w) fat diet of a CLA isomer (0.4%, w/w) or a control diet for 6 weeks. Lean (n=10) mice were fed a control diet. The db/db mice fed a control diet displayed increased abnormal morphology, decreased sperm concentration. They also had decreased cst and cgt gene expression, despite increased seminolipid concentration, and decreased expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis compared to their lean counterparts. CLA isomers increased sperm number and normal sperm morphology, influenced seminolipid concentration, seminolipid enzyme gene expression and significantly increased Ccna1 gene expression. Seminolipid and genes of spermatogenesis appear to factor into DM and obesity induced reproductive dysfunction. Dietary CLA isomers appear to increase functionally viable sperm and thereby improve fertility.

Thesis (Ph. D., Animal Physiology)--University of Idaho, April 2008. / Major professor: Mark A. McGuire. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by subscription or by purchasing the individual file.

Proefschrift - Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht. / Bibliography: p. 46-47.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2005. / Title from PDF title page screen. Advisor: Michael McIntosh; submitted to the School of Human Environmental Sciences. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-58)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / Three skipped unsaturated fatty acids, 8,11-octadecadienoic acid, 10,13-octadecadienoic acid and 11,14-octadecadienoic acid have been synthesized via skipped acetylenic intermediates. Coupling an w-chloroacetylenic Grignard derivative I with a propargylic bromide II in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of cuprous chloride catalyst yielded a 1-chloroheptadecadiyne III, which was reduced stereospecifically and selectively to the di-cis-1-chloroheptadecadiene IV by two treatments with diisobutylaluminum hydride. The diene IV was converted to the Grignard reagent which upon carbonation and acidification gave the octadecadienoic acid V[TRUNCATED]

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2007 Jun 14