No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1958.

The analytical solution presented in this thesis is based on the Liquid Metal Experiment (LEX) at Virginia Tech to determine the practicality of replacing a solid metal electrode with a liquid metal electrode wall. Replacing the solid metal with a liquid metal may improve the operational lifetime of Z-pinches. The LEX is based upon the University of Washington's High Energy Density Z-pinch (ZaP-HD) and Fusion Z-Pinch Experiments (FuZE) and replaces one solid metal electrode with a liquid metal electrode. During the operation of the ZaP-HD and FuZE, a plasma column exerts electromagnetic forces and pressure on a solid electrode wall. The pressure exerted by the plasma column is called the magnetic pressure. In the Virginia Tech device magnetic pressure is exerted by a wire onto the liquid metal electrode. The magnetic pressure in the LEX displaces the liquid metal electrode free surface, and subsequently creates a waveform. The initial free surface displacement and subsequent wave motion of the liquid metal is found by analyzing the geometry of the device, the electromagnetic forces generated during operation, and material properties of the tin-bismuth liquid metal mixture. The initial displacement for changing current, current pulse length, tin percentage, and applied pressure range are investigated. The results are compared for verification and validation. These methods are shown to be accurate to within an order of magnitude and are valid for an axisymmetric domain. The results presented here may inform further experimentation and aid in improving designs for newer devices. / Master of Science / This thesis presents analytical solutions for creating waveforms in liquid metal due to electromagnetic forces. The motivation for developing the analytical solutions is to aid in developing a device created by Virginia Polytechnic and State University (Virginia Tech). The Liquid Metal Experiment (LEX) at Virginia Tech investigates the practicality of incorporating a liquid metal into a Z-pinch fusion device under development at the University of Washington's High Energy Density Z-pinch (ZaP-HD) and Fusion Z-Pinch Experiments (FuZE). The ZaPHD and FuZE experiments are cylindrical and aim to investigate the viability of Z-pinches as fusion devices. An electric current passes between an internal electrode, the plasma column, and an external electrode along the z-axis of the Z-pinch. The time duration of the current is typically on the order of tens of microseconds. The plasma column and subsequent fusion events are generated only during this duration. During this duration, the interactions between the plasma column and the electrodes cause the electrodes to deteriorate. In standard Z-pinch devices, the electrodes are solid metal and deteriorate during the operation, limiting the device's lifespan. The liquid metal introduces other complexities to the system. During the time duration of the current, the electromagnetic forces produce a pressure gradient at the free surface of the liquid metal. The pressure created by the electromagnetic forces generates waveforms within the liquid metal. The analytical solutions presented in this thesis include electrodynamic solutions to find the pressure, kinematic solutions to determine the free surface displacement of the liquid metal due to the pressure, and fluid dynamic solutions of the waveform caused by the initial free surface displacement.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1976.

No description available.

No description available.

objective of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the behavior of the liquid metal eutectic gallium/indium (EGaIn) in composite systems and provide a platform for the development of functional hybrid nanocomposites. Contributions are regarding (i) the investigation of the electromechanical coupling performance of EGaIn as electrodes in a soft electrostatic transducer and (ii) the effectiveness of organic surfactants to stabilize EGaIn nanoparticles in organic solvents. For the first portion, a completely soft dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) using EGaIn electrodes was fabricated and evaluated. Experimental actuation of the DEA showed high agreement with a generalized NeoHookean constitutive law, assuming uniaxial pre-stretch and considering the device saddle deformation. The expected conductive behavior of the liquid alloy was confirmed, and further efforts have focused on the development and stabilization of EGaIn nanodroplets, which do not exhibit the problems associated with larger pools of EGaIn (such as leakage) and can be applied to soft multifunctional materials. A computational procedure was developed for calculating suspended EGaIn nanoparticle mass in order to determine reaction yields using applied Mie theory and optical characterization techniques (dynamic light scattering and UV/Vis spectrophotometry). This method calculated total mass to within 20% when applied to a known system. A systematic study evaluating particle yield as a function of aliphatic surfactant composition and concentration (and solvent type) revealed a pronounced dependence of nanodroplet formation on the solvent type as well as surfactant structure. Ethanol (EtOH) was found to be the most effective solvent for the formation and stabilization of EGaIn nanodroplets, in which only thiol-based surfactants were found to improve nanodroplet yield. Results suggest a stabilization mechanism other than the expected self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation. The research has been extended to alternative (e.g. plant based) surfactant systems.

No description available.

Graduation date: 2006

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1985.